Deck 11: Relationships

Question 1

Whether a friendship ultimately ends depends heavily on

A)the proximity of the individuals involved.
B)the availability of alternative relationships.
C)the level of conflict in the relationship.
D)whether it's a female-female, male-male, or cross-gender relationship.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

People tend to have the most friends and acquaintances during which time period?

A)adolescence
B)middle age
C)young adulthood
D)old age

Answer 2

C

Question 3

is a theory that argues that social contact is motivated by a variety of goals, including information seeking, self-concept, and emotional regulation.

A)Homogamy
B)Exchange theory
C)Socioemotional selectivity
D)Emotional cooperation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ABCDE model describes

A)the cycle of violence in abusive relationships.
B)the stages of friendship.
C)the stages of love relationships.
D)the process of transitioning to widowhood.

Question 5

Men tend to base their friendships on

A)intimate sharing.
B)emotional sharing.
C)shared activities.
D)personality matches.

Question 6

Women tend to base their friendships on

A)social interactions.
B)emotional sharing.
C)shared activities.
D)personality matches.

Question 7

tend(s) to help men have lower levels of dating anxiety and a higher capacity for intimacy.

A)Same-sex friendships
B)Cross-sex friendships
C)Having a close relationship with one's mother
D)Having sisters

Question 8

The friends people have the longest are

A)their siblings.
B)the ones they meet in childhood.
C)the ones they meet in college.
D)the ones who live the closest.

Question 9

Older have more numerous and more intimate friendships than do older .

A)men; women
B)women; men
C)brothers; sisters
D)African and European Americans; Asian and Latino Americans

Question 10

Kim and Denise like to take dance classes together.This reflects which theme of adult friendships?

A)affective or emotional basis
B)communal or shared basis
C)the sociability and compatibility dimension
D)the physical intimacy dimension

Question 11

One crucial aspect of friendship in old age is that friends

A)help foster independence.
B)help transition after moving.
C)replace relationships with family.
D)are less fun than family.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a component of love identified by Sternberg?

A)commitment
B)intimacy
C)passion
D)companionship

Question 13

Some research shows that men tend to overperceive and women tend to underperceive their cross-sex friends' _______________ in/for them.

A)intellectual interest
B)trust
C)sexual interest
D)level of affection

Question 14

Neuroscience research finds that the parts of the brain that respond to operate differently depending upon whether one is alone or with a friend.

A)threat
B)challenge
C)excitement
D)pleasure

Question 15

In the ABCDE model of friendships, what does the C stand for?

A)continuity
B)communal nature
C)compatibility
D)continuation

Question 16

Researchers include all of the following as themes that characterize adult friendships except

A)support.
B)reciprocity.
C)choice.
D)physical intimacy.

Question 17

Research indicates that in young adulthood is the primary goal of emotional selectivity and in older adulthood is the primary goal.

A)information seeking; self-concept
B)information seeking; emotional regulation
C)emotional regulation; information seeking
D)emotional regulation; self-concept

Question 18

Socioemotional selectivity is a theory that argues that social contact is motivated by a variety of goals, including all of the following except

A)homogamy.
B)information seeking.
C)self-concept.
D)emotional regulation.

Question 19

When Lucy's husband of 50 years died, she turned to her best friend, Glenda, for support.Which theme of adult friendships does this represent?

A)affective or emotional basis
B)communal or shared nature
C)sociability and compatibility dimension
D)bereavement support dimension

Question 20

College students who have adjust better to stressful life events.

A)strong friendship networks
B)parental support
C)the personality characteristics of openness and extraversion
D)close proximity to their parents

Question 21

A problem facing many people who never marry is that

A)there are numerous stereotypes and biases against single people in the United States.
B)they find it difficult to make friends.
C)people feel sorry for them.
D)research finds there are no disadvantages to remaining single.

Question 22

O'Leary suggests that there is a continuum of aggressive behaviors that progresses as follows:

A)verbal, physical, severe physical, murder.
B)emotional, verbal, physical, severe physical.
C)emotional, verbal, physical, murder.
D)verbal, physical, severe physical, separation.

Question 23

Kalmijn and Flap (2001) examined data from 1,500 couples, and they found that meeting at school resulted in the highest rate of

A)passion.
B)homogamy.
C)divorce.
D)intimacy.

Question 24

tend to remain single longer in young adulthood and get married at later ages than ____________.
A)Women; men
B)Men; women

A)Those with lower incomes; those with higher incomes
B)?Those in Eastern societies; those in Western socieities

Question 25

What are the developmental trends in Sternberg's three components of love relationships?

A)As the length of the relationship increases, intimacy and commitment decrease, but passion increases.
B)As the length of the relationship increases, passion and intimacy decrease, but commitment increases.
C)As the length of the relationship increases, commitment and passion decrease, but intimacy increases.
D)The trends vary by couple.

Question 26

Muslim women who remain single in Malaysia speak in terms of , the soul mate one finds through fate at a time appointment by God.

A)cinta
B)jodoh
C)satu
D)kami

Question 27

Nearly twice as many are single during young adulthood as European Americans, and more are choosing to remain so.

A)Latinos
B)African Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Middle Easterners

Question 28

In an abusive relationship, the degree of violence usually starts small and

A)remains at the same degree of violence.
B)will quit within several months.
C)gradually continues to escalate.
D)after that has no predictable pattern.

Question 29

When a woman believes she cannot leave an abusive situation, and may even go so far as to kill her abuser, she is said to suffer from

A)assortative woman syndrome.
B)battered woman syndrome.
C)crime of passion syndrome.
D)battered relationship syndrome.

Question 30

Tonya is a frail 80-year-old woman who depends on her granddaughter for much of her care.Her granddaughter is responsible for taking care of Tonya's finances, but recently she has been keeping some of her grandmother's money to pay her own bills.This is an example of which type of abuse?

A)emotional
B)material or financial
C)self-neglect
D)this is not a type of abuse

Question 31

Approximately 95% of marriages in India

A)end in divorce.
B)are arranged.
C)are between people who met at school.
D)are based on intimacy and commitment.

Question 32

Which of the following is a type of elder abuse categorized by the National Center on Elder Abuse?

A)physical
B)sexual
C)financial
D)all of these

Question 33

Researchers estimate that one in four vulnerable older adults in the United States are at risk for some type of

A)abuse, neglect, or exploitation.
B)heart disease.
C)psychological disorder.
D)cancer.

Question 34

According to Sternberg, infatuation is characterized by high levels of

A)passion.
B)intimacy.
C)commitment.
D)all of the above.

Question 35

Across 48 different cultures, those that have good health care, education, and resources and allow young adults to select their own mates tend to

A)have more children per family.
B)have higher levels of passion in relationships.
C)develop more secure romantic attachments.
D)have lower rates of abusive relationships.

Question 36

The theory of states that people find mates based upon their similarity to each other.

A)differential mating
B)homogamy effect
C)nonrandom mating
D)assortive mating

Question 37

Surveys indicate that nearly couples in the United States meet online.

A)one half
B)one in 5
C)one in 10
D)one in 20

Question 38

The most common form of elder abuse is .

A)physical
B)emotional
C)financial
D)neglect

Question 39

Men are victims of violence from intimate partners, but at a rate about that of women.

A)one-tenth
B)one-fifth
C)one-third
D)one-half

Question 40

Alice is a very frail 85-year-old woman who depends on her daughter entirely for her care.Her daughter is stressed by caregiving and sometimes lashes out at her mother.This is an example of which type of abuse?

A)emotional
B)neglect
C)self-neglect
D)this is not a type of abuse

Question 41

Gottman and Levenson (2000) found that predicts divorce early in marriage, while predicts divorce later in marriage.

A)negative emotions; lack of positive emotions
B)lack of positive emotions; negative emotions
C)having children; negative emotions
D)Negative emotions predicts divorce at any point in marriage.

Question 42

in the United States has increased tenfold over the past three decades.

A)Singlehood
B)Marriage
C)Cohabitation
D)Divorce

Question 43

Some middle-aged couples have grown apart yet continue to live together, a situation sometimes referred to as

A)estrangement.
B)married singles.
C)emotional independence.
D)married friends.

Question 44

If women initiate the divorce, they report feeling .If they did not initiate the divorce, they report feeling _________.

A)optimism; vulnerable
B)vulnerable; optimism
C)depressed; relieved
D)happy; sad

Question 45

Bill and Cathy just got married and moved into an old house needing lots of repair.Bill is not good at household repair, but he is an excellent chef.Cathy cannot cook beyond cereal, but she is excellent at doing household repairs. This is an example of

A)homogamy.
B)monogamy.
C)exchange theory.
D)socioemotional selectivity.

Question 46

What is the relationship between age and marriage?

A)As age decreases, success of marriage increases.
B)As age increases, success of marriage decreases.
C)As age decreases, success of marriage decreases.
D)There is no association between age and marital success.

Question 47

As time goes on and stresses increase, marital satisfaction goes down.For many couples, the reason for this drop is having children.However, which of the following statements provides evidence that it is not simply having children that causes this decline?

A)The fussier the child, the more marital satisfaction declines.
B)Child-free couples experience a decline in marital satisfaction over time.
C)Lack of homogamy is a key predictor of marital dissatisfaction.
D)Younger married couples tend to be more emotionally negative and express fewer positive emotions.

Question 48

People with higher levels of education have levels of divorce than people with less education.

A)lower
B)higher
C)the same
D)There is no predictable relationship between education level and divorce rates.

Question 49

Which concept reflects an unwillingness of the divorced partner to let go, make new friendships, and reorient themselves as single parents?

A)divorce rumination
B)divorce hangover
C)maladaptive coping
D)maladaptive adjustment

Question 50

In one longitudinal study, it was found that negative emotions displayed during conflict predicted early, but not later divorce.In general, this reflected a pattern of

A)wife demand-husband withdrawal
B)husband demand-wife withdrawal
C)wife demand-husband demand
D)wife withdrawal-husband withdrawal

Question 51

Marriage based on similarity of values and interests is called

A)monogamy.
B)homogamy.
C)polygamy.
D)compatibility.

Question 52

Sandy is a spousal caregiver who maintains high marital satisfaction.Sandy is less likely to exhibit

A)stress.
B)effective coping strategies.
C)depressive symptoms.
D)anxiety disorders.

Question 53

African American and Asian American couples tend to

A)be married longer at time of divorce than European American couples.
B)be married less long at time of divorce than European American couples.
C)get married at younger ages than do European American couples.
D)have the lowest divorce rates of any ethnic or racial group in the United States.

Question 54

An important predictor of marital success is

A)age of the partners.
B)homogamy.
C)exchange theory.
D)all of these.

Question 55

Gay and lesbian couples differ from heterosexual couples in that they are

A)less likely to cohabit.
B)more similar on demographic characteristics.
C)less similar on demographic characteristics.
D)less likely to be in dual-earner relationships.

Question 56

Most gay and lesbian couples are in dual-earner relationships and share

A)household tasks.
B)children.
C)similar demographic characteristics such as race, age, and education.
D)financial responsibility for the household.

Question 57

"A subjective evaluation of a couple's relationship on a number of different dimensions" is the definition of which aspect of marriage?

A)marital success
B)marital quality
C)marital adjustment
D)marital satisfaction

Question 58

Which of the following is not true regarding cohabiting?

A)People with higher education levels cohabit more.
B)Cohabitation is extremely common in the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden.
C)Having cohabitated does not seem to make marriages any better and, in fact, may do more harm than good.
D)Many countries extend the same rights to cohabiting couples as they do married couples.

Question 59

Which theory sees marital quality as a dynamic process resulting from the couple's ability to handle stressful events in the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources?

A)vulnerability-stress-adaptation model
B)homogamy model
C)exchange theory
D)marital quality-stress-resilience model

Question 60

According to research on marital satisfaction in couples with children, the shape of the marital satisfaction curve across time is

A)steadily increasing.
B)steadily decreasing.
C)increasing while children are at home and decreasing when children begin leaving home.
D)decreasing while children are at home and increasing when children begin leaving home.

Question 61

Does the research evidence support the idea of the "rebound effect"? That is, that one should wait before remarrying.

A)No, there is no evidence that those who remarry sooner have less success in marriage than those who wait.
B)Yes, those who remarry sooner have high redivorce rates.
C)No, in fact, those who remarry sooner have lower divorce rates than those who wait.
D)The rebound effect is true for men but not for women.

Question 62

About half of all young adults in the United States return to their parents' home at least once after moving out. These young adults are called

A)transient kids
B)college rebounders
C)boomerang kids
D)sandwich generation kids

Question 63

Middle-aged mothers are often put into the role of , the person who gathers the family for celebrations and keeps them in touch with one another.

A)kinkeeper
B)primary bread-winner
C)familykeeper
D)matriarch

Question 64

Perhaps the biggest change in grandparenting worldwide is the number of grandparents who

A)serve as custodial parents or primary caregivers for their grandchildren.
B)are financially dependent on their grown grandchildren.
C)live in different countries than their grandchildren.
D)live in their grandchildren's homes.

Question 65

Raising multiethnic children raises unique challenges not experienced by parents of same-race children.For example, some parents of multiethnic children

A)worry that the child will not have a chance to learn about both cultures.
B)are concerned that their children will choose to identify with one culture more so than the other.
C)worry that their children will be rejected by members of both communities.
D)are concerned their children will be confused over their multiethnicity.

Question 66

The term "sandwich generation" applies to

A)people who feel torn between the wishes and desires of their parents and those of their in-laws.
B)middle-aged people caring for both aging parents and their own children.
C)older adults who do not have enough income to afford food beyond the basics.
D)children who have parents, stepparents, grandparents, and stepgrandparents.

Question 67

Which of the following is not a characteristic of single parents?

A)being financially better off than their married counterparts
B)finding that loneliness can be difficult to deal with
C)having concerns about dating
D)experiencing complex feelings including failure, guilt, and a need to be overindulgent

Question 68

A newer variation on re-partnering is , an arrangement in which two older adults form a romantic relationship but maintain separate living arrangements.

A)singlehood
B)living alone together
C)single cohabiting
D)elderdating

Question 69

mothers are more at ease being parents, spend more time with their babies, and are more sensitive, affectionate and supportive to them.

A)Older
B)Younger
C)Single
D)Divorced

Question 70

On average, both men and women wait approximately years before remarrying.
A)2.5
B)3.5

A)5
B)7

Question 71

tend to have the most tenuous relationships with children because the bond can be broken at any time for any number of reasons having nothing to do with the quality of care being provided.

A)Adoptive parents
B)Gay and lesbian parents
C)Grandparents
D)Foster parents

Question 72

______________ refers to the idea that the well-being of the family takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members.

A)Nuclearness
B)Communalism
C)Inclusiveness
D)Familism

Question 73

Most of the people who experience the death of their spouse are

A)women.
B)men.
C)young.
D)middle-aged.

Question 74

African American husbands are more likely than their European counterparts to , regardless of their wives employment status.

A)be stay-at-home Dads
B)have more than one job
C)help with housework
D)go back to school or change careers

Question 75

What is the most common family form around the world?

A)nuclear
B)female-headed household
C)extended
D)divorced

Question 76

Many middle-aged women who divorce face significant

A)stigma from others.
B)pressure to remarry.
C)isolation.
D)financial challenges.

Question 77

Most adult children feel a responsibility, a(n) to care for their parents if necessary.

A)social need
B)economic obligation
C)filial obligation
D)religious obligation

Question 78

How grandparents and grandchildren interact varies by

A)ethnic group.
B)country in which they reside.
C)education level of grandparent.
D)temperament of grandchild.

Question 79

The average married woman can expect to spend years as a widow.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)None, as women have shorter life expectancies than men and typically die before their husbands.

Question 80

Erin is a middle-aged wife and mother of adolescent children.Her mother had a stroke and just moved into her home.Erin is feeling tension from her mother and her children, which is a common characteristic of

A)partner caregivers.
B)the sandwich generation.
C)the babyboomer generation.
D)women who are depressed.