Deck 11: Water, Water Everywhere but Not a Drop to Drink

Question 1

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is

A) high for polluted water
B) low for polluted water
C) not affected by water pollution
D) a measure of the amount of oxygen in the body

Answer 1

high for polluted water

Question 2

Fertilizers such as nitrates and phosphates are examples of what type of pollutant?

A) minerals and chemicals
B) infectious agents
C) plant nutrients
D) oxygen-demanding wastes

Answer 2

plant nutrients

Question 3

Which ions are associated with hard water?

A) Na⁺ and NH₄⁺
B) Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺
C) K⁺ and Cl^-
D) Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺

Answer 3

Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺

Question 4

Layers of water-bearing porous rock are called

A) aquifers
B) artesian wells
C) ground wells
D) brackish wells

Question 5

Which of the following is the major user of water in the United States?

A) households
B) industry
C) agriculture
D) steam-electric utilities

Question 6

Non-biodegradable organic compounds (such as chlorinated hydrocarbons) are removed in

A) tertiary treatment
B) secondary treatment
C) primary treatment
D) denitrifying bacteria

Question 7

What is the name of the sticky gelatinous precipitate that is formed in the primary treatment process and carries away suspended dirt particles and bacteria?

A) calcium sulfate
B) calcium hydroxide
C) aluminum hydroxide
D) aluminum sulfate

Question 8

Which of the following dissolved substances would you not expect to be in "pure" water?

A) CN^-
B) Fe²⁺
C) O₂
D) dust particles

Question 9

Oxygen

A) is more soluble in warm water than in cold water
B) is not required to metabolize organic material in water
C) does not react with water pollutants
D) is more soluble in cold water than in warm water

Question 10

What common household hazardous waste is not correctly associated with the harmful ingredient?

A) gasoline - organic solvents
B) nail polish remover - organic solvents
C) bathroom cleaners - wax and heavy metals
D) latex paint - organic polymers

Question 11

If a sample of tap water has the smell of rotten eggs, which substance is likely present?

A) chlorine
B) hydrogen sulfide
C) algae
D) copper

Question 12

Which of the following would be considered polluted water?

A) water containing dissolved metal salts
B) water which has been heated above normal
C) water containing organic solvents
D) all of these

Question 13

Which of the following would affect biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?

A) silt
B) dissolved radionuclides
C) dissolved organic compounds
D) heavy metal ions

Question 14

The average number of gallons of water used per person per day in the United States is roughly

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 91

Question 15

What percentage of the human body is water?

A) 10%
B) 40-50%
C) 70%
D) 98%

Question 16

Of the 2.5% fresh water supply, what amount is available as groundwater or surface water for human use?

A) 100%
B) 97.5%
C) 2.5%
D) less than 1%

Question 17

The lime-soda treatment of water might introduce too much of this ion in drinking water

A) Na⁺
B) Ca²⁺
C) Mg²⁺
D) Fe³⁺

Question 18

Of the household wastes listed below (all of which would be considered industrial hazardous wastes), which one could be disposed of down the sink?

A) oil-based paints
B) furniture polish
C) latex paint
D) automotive antifreeze

Question 19

Which type of industrial product listed below probably does not contribute to hazardous waste problems?

A) petroleum refining
B) plastics manufacturing
C) paint making
D) all of these probably contribute

Question 20

Primary wastewater treatment copies two of nature's purification methods.Which two?

A) distillation and crystallization
B) settling and filtration
C) aeration and chlorination
D) oxidation and dilution

Question 21

Acid rain (acid deposition) contributes to which of the following problems?

A) dead lakes where fish cannot survive
B) damage to forests
C) leaching of metal ions into groundwater
D) all of these

Question 22

The phrase "acid rain" applies to rain water with a pH of

A) 7
B) 6-7
C) < 5.6
D) 5.6

Question 23

Which process is not used by nature to purify natural water?

A) distillation
B) chlorination
C) sedimentation
D) aeration

Question 24

In what part of the United States is acid rain particularly prevalent?

A) northeast
B) southwest
C) northwest
D) central plains

Question 25

Which of the following pollutants does not contribute to acid rain?

A) SO₂
B) NO₂
C) CO₂
D) O₃

Question 26

Two acids found in acid rain are

A) nitric acid and phosphoric acid
B) sulfuric acid and nitric acid
C) phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
D) carbonic acid and acetic acid

Question 27

Freshwater can be made from seawater through

A) distillation
B) reverse osmosis
C) filtration
D) both a and b above

Question 28

Identify the endothermic process

A) water condensing
B) ( $\Delta$ H) = -500 cal
C) freezing water
D) sublimation of dry ice

Question 29

Hard water is caused by

A) Na⁺ and K⁺
B) Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺
C) Na⁺ and Al³⁺
D) K⁺ and Pb²⁺

Question 30

How much heat is released when 10 g of steam at 100 $\degree$ C is cooled to 10 g of liquid water at 100 $\degree$ C?

A) 5400 cal
B) 6200 cal
C) 800 cal
D) 10 cal

Question 31

Nitrate ions in waste water can be removed by

A) primary treatment
B) secondary treatment
C) tertiary treatment
D) both a and b above

Question 32

Which type of disposal of hazardous waste listed below is probably best, when all of the alternatives are considered?

A) underground injection
B) incineration
C) secure landfills
D) recycling and recovery

Question 33

How much heat is required to convert 75 g of ice from 0°C to liquid water at 90°C?

A) 90 cal
B) 6000 cal
C) 6750 cal
D) 12750 cal

Question 34

Identify the exothermic process

A) wood burning
B) boiling water
C) melting ice
D) ( $\Delta$ H) = 100 cal

Question 35

What substances are used to disinfect water?

A) hydrogen peroxide and ammonia
B) ozone and chlorine
C) organic peroxides
D) inorganic acids

Question 36

How much heat is required to heat 25 g of liquid water from 20 $\degree$ C to 100 $\degree$ C?

A) 25 cal
B) 1000 cal
C) 2000 cal
D) 13500 cal

Question 37

What physical state is water found under normal conditions that exist on Earth?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) all the above

Question 38

The disinfectant widely used in Europe to kill harmful bacteria in water treatment plants is

A) bromine
B) oxygen
C) ozone
D) sodium hypochlorite

Question 39

Why are disinfection by-products a health concern?

A) they are toxic
B) they are electrically charged
C) they are suspected carcinogens
D) they cut the oxygen level in the water