Deck 5: Gang Delinquency

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of a near group?

A)Longevity
B)Formality
C)Self-appointed leadership
D)Cohesion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to National Youth Gang Survey data, about _______ of all gang members are female.

A)7.5%
B)11.2%
C)14.1%
D)23.7%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In most recent estimates, how many active gangs are there in the U.S.?

A)19,500
B)30,000
C)38,200
D)46,000

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The term "near group" is associated with which gang researcher?

A)Thrasher
B)Sutherland
C)Klein
D)Yablonsky

Question 5

Areas of a city that are deteriorating and in a state of disorganization are termed:

A)Declining
B)Waning
C)Interstitial
D)Condemned

Question 6

According to the text, which of the following probably accounts for much gang migration?

A)Gangs setting up branches in other cities
B)Gangs in cities such as Los Angeles "franchising" new gangs in small cities
C)Family relocation or visits to family members
D)None of the above

Question 7

Early gang research relied on the use of:

A)Public polls
B)Self-report surveys
C)Participant observation
D)Official records

Question 8

Approximately what is the peak age for gang participation?

A)13
B)15
C)17
D)19

Question 9

According to Curry and Decker, which of the following is NOT an element typical in most gang definitions?

A)Symbols
B)Hierarchy
C)Turf
D)Permanence

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for gang membership?

A)Attending public school
B)Mental health problems
C)Poverty
D)Substance use

Question 11

How do most agencies classify individuals as gang members?

A)Self-identification
B)A detailed checklist of activities and attributes
C)Based on arrest for gang-related activity
D)All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is the rarest type of gang behavior?

A)Drinking
B)Gambling
C)Companionship
D)Violence

Question 13

Recent estimates show about ___________ gang members nationwide.

A)540,000
B)850,000
C)1 million
D)1.5 million

Question 14

Gangs with mixed ethnic/racial membership are called ________ gangs.

A)Mixed
B)Hybrid
C)Multi-ethnic
D)Motley

Question 15

According to the most recent studies, ________ constituted the largest portion of gang membership.

A)African-Americans
B)Anglos
C)Hispanics
D)Asians

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a way social control agents use social media to fight gangs?

A)Use photos to identify gang members
B)Use posts to identify planned crime
C)Use posts as evidence for legal action
D)None of the above

Question 17

According to Thrasher, which of the following is NOT a reason that few gang members stay past young adulthood?

A)Maturity
B)Moving away
C)Marriage
D)High rate of young death due to gang violence

Question 18

Which of the following is not included in definitions of gangs?

A)A group phenomenon
B)Participation in delinquent activity
C)Common symbols
D)Violence

Question 19

The group hazard hypothesis holds that:

A)Certain groups (e.g., inner-city males) are more likely to commit delinquent acts than other groups
B)Delinquency committed in groups has a greater chance of being detected and acted upon by the juvenile justice system
C)Gang delinquency results in greater violence than does individual delinquency
D)None of the above

Question 20

In statutory definitions of "gang," the only "true" common feature is:

A)Criminal activity
B)Number of participants
C)Leadership
D)None of the above

Question 21

Which intervention strategy is perceived to be the most effective?

A)Social intervention
B)Organizational change and development
C)Opportunities provision
D)Suppression

Question 22

Violence is included as a critical element in all definitions of gangs.

Question 23

When police strictly enforce all laws against gang members in an effort to get them to stop their criminal activity (e.g., the Boston Gun Project), the strategy is called:

A)Community policing
B)Pulling levers
C)Omnibus enforcement
D)Gang targeting

Question 24

Which of the following proposes that belonging to a gang is the cause of increased deviance?

A)Selection model
B)Social facilitation model
C)Enhancement model
D)None of the above

Question 25

According to the text, _______ gangs appear to be very profit-oriented and focus on monetary return.

A)Chicano
B)African-American
C)Asian
D)Tagger

Question 26

All states have passed laws defining gang behavior as illegal.

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic of modern gang violence?

A)It appears to be more random than violence of gangs of the past
B)It is marked by constant forays rather than infrequent rumbles
C)Lethal weapons are used more frequently than they were in the past
D)All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is an attack, usually by two or three youths, upon one or more rival gang members?

A)Rumble
B)Foray
C)Drive-by
D)Self-perpetuating retaliation

Question 29

Controlling or eliminating locations gang members frequent or own is done through procedures called:

A)Civil abatement
B)Headquarters forfeiture
C)Property injunctions
D)Civil service

Question 30

The G.R.E.A.T.program is operated by:

A)FBI
B)Department of Justice
C)ATF
D)Order of the Phoenix

Question 31

The term "near group" is simply a synonym for "gang."

Question 32

Social workers who work with gangs on the street are called:

A)Street workers
B)Gang workers
C)Detached workers
D)Turf workers

Question 33

In the National Youth Gang Survey, respondents list ______ as their most common intervention strategy.

A)Community organization
B)Suppression
C)Social interventions
D)Organizational change and development

Question 34

Providing education, vocational training, and job placement are elements of:

A)Social intervention
B)Community organization
C)Organizational change and development
D)Opportunities provision

Question 35

Which of the following gangs are strongly territorially based and more heavily involved in drug use?

A)Chicano
B)African-American
C)Asian
D)Skinhead

Question 36

According to self-report data, gang members account for about ___ out of every 10 violent crimes.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 37

In general, "gang" has referred to groups that exhibit characteristics setting them apart from other affiliations of juveniles.

Question 38

According to Curry and Decker, permanence is the most important element in most gang definitions.

Question 39

According to the text, which of the following is/are reasons for gang behavior?

A)The need for status
B)Control of turf or territory
C)Financial gain
D)All of the above

Question 40

According to Thrasher, gangs arose out of spontaneous play groups.

Question 41

Many states have passed laws making gang affiliation a crime or providing harsher penalties for gang-related crimes.

Question 42

One danger of social work with gangs is that the worker can actually promote cohesiveness leading to increased delinquency.

Question 43

According to the text, the majority of gang aggression is verbal.

Question 44

According to the text, there is no relationship between gangs and class.Gangs do not predominate in any particular class.

Question 45

Migration for drug selling is more an illusion than reality and results in a relatively small impact on a city's existing drug problems.

Question 46

Detached worker programs are an example of a community organization gang intervention strategy.

Question 47

Gang leadership is always provided by a single individual who is determined by talents like physical prowess.

Question 48

Gang members avoid social media so as not to be easily identified by police.

Question 49

Gang members commit 3 times the level of violence compared to nonmembers.

Question 50

For the United States as a whole, most youths do not belong to gangs and probably never will.

Question 51

Hybrid gangs claim turf and are stringent about the utilization of colors and symbols.

Question 52

National Youth Gang Surveys show that the extent of gangs and gang membership is greatest in the larger cities.

Question 53

According to National Youth Gang Survey data, 60% of gang members are 18 or older.

Question 54

Delinquency is independent of gang status in the selection model.

Question 55

According to the text, large gangs probably include quite a few fringe members.

Question 56

According to the text, the first response by many cities to an emerging gang problem is admitting the existence of a problem.

Question 57

A rumble is simply another term for a gang fight.

Question 58

Suppression is perceived to be the least effective gang intervention strategy.

Question 59

Gangs are retaining their members into young adulthood due to the lack of meaningful employment opportunities and potentially lucrative gang behavior.

Question 60

Territorial gangs have a more formal hierarchical structure than other types of gangs.

Question 61

The most recent evaluation of G.R.E.A.T.reports reduced gang participation by respondents.

Question 62

The failure of many gang intervention programs to reduce deviant activity is probably due to lack of attention to arrests and other law enforcement strategies.

Question 63

Civil gang injunctions are court orders prohibiting certain behaviors linked to criminal activity.