Deck 16: Analysis of Qualitative Data

Question 1

The term "theoretical sensitivity" refers to:

A)having data collection and analysis guided by emerging theoretical issues.
B)deductive hypothesis testing as it is used in qualitative research.
C)the transition from induction to deduction in the middle of data analysis.
D)deriving hypotheses from some theory before the data is collected.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about the process of coding in qualitative data analysis

A)It is only used to measure variables.
B)It is not an effort to quantify the data.
C)Codes and coding schemes are established before the data are collected.
D)It is done in the place of theoretical sensitivity.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When a code identifies some abstract or theoretical theme or pattern, it is called:

A)a pattern code.
B)an open code.
C)a descriptive code.
D)an interpretive code.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the text, one of the advantages gained when the research stages of data collection and data analysis overlap is:

A)theoretical deduction.
B)theoretical sensitivity.
C)theoretical induction.
D)avoiding the ecological fallacy.

Question 5

Qualitative data can come in which of the following forms

A)field notes
B)video recordings
C)diaries
D)all of the answers represent forms that qualitative data can come in

Question 6

The approach to qualitative data analysis that attempts to treat the data as a coherent whole and retain as much of the raw data as possible is called:

A)a contextualizing strategy.
B)theoretical sensitivity.
C)a categorizing strategy.
D)pattern coding.

Question 7

Qualitative data analysis that focuses on contextualizing rather than abstracting would also likely:

A)focus on nomothetic explanation.
B)focus on idiographic explanation.
C)use reflective remarks rather than memos.
D)favor descriptive statistics over inferential statistics.

Question 8

All of the following statements are true about the process of coding in qualitative data analysis EXCEPT:

A)codes are derived from a preexisting theoretical stance and then an effort is made to see if the data "fit" the coding scheme.
B)it is not an effort to quantify the data.
C)codes are created from the data itself during the process of data collection.
D)coding is an integral part of the process of conceptual development and theory building.

Question 9

Which of the following are considered to be among the categorizing strategies in qualitative data analysis

A)profiles
B)case studies
C)abstract coding
D)All of the answers represent categorizing strategies.

Question 10

Another term used to refer to coding or categorizing the data in qualitative research is:

A)narrative analysis.
B)theoretical sensitivity.
C)reflective remarks.
D)thematic analysis.

Question 11

Coding categories that involve fairly directly observed behaviors or events are called:

A)open coding.
B)axial coding.
C)pattern coding.
D)descriptive coding.

Question 12

As used in the context of qualitative data analysis, the term "contextualize" means:

A)to develop a set of coding categories that identifies the context in which people act.
B)to use various procedures to verify whatever conclusions are drawn.
C)to understand people or groups within the full situation in which they act.
D)to use the group as the unit of analysis rather than the individual.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the three approaches to developing coding schemes in qualitative data analysis that are described in the text

A)Create a complete coding scheme prior to data collection and don't change it in the field.
B)Create a fairly complete coding scheme prior to data collection but revise it as needed in the field.
C)Enter the field with no pre-established coding scheme.
D)Enter the field with a general coding scheme that identifies domains of observation.

Question 14

Axial coding in qualitative data analysis could be best defined as:

A)coding that attempts to quantify the results.
B)intense analysis around one or a few of the coding categories.
C)coding that does not require a great deal of interpretation on the part of the coder.
D)unrestricted coding to produce concepts and dimensions that seem to fit the data fairly well.

Question 15

Which of the following are stated as similarities between qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis

A)Both can strive to generalize beyond the data.
B)Both utilize descriptive statistics.
C)Both utilize inferential statistics.
D)All of the answers state such similarities.

Question 16

In checking on the reliability of a coding scheme, the agreement between two applications of the coding scheme to the same data should be at least to be acceptable.

A)60%-65%
B)75%-80%
C)85%-90%
D)95%-100%

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true about the process of coding texts from field notes or ethnographic interviews in qualitative data analysis

A)The coding does not focus on counts of how often things happen.
B)The coding focuses on descriptions of what is applicable to a particular context.
C)There is a close link between the codes and the data.
D)Descriptive statistics are applied to the results of the coding.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true in comparing qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis

A)Qualitative puts more emphasis on deductive reasoning than on inductive reasoning.
B)Qualitative tends to contextualize more than does quantitative.
C)Qualitative recognizes that abstraction and generalization may be of less importance in some studies.
D)Qualitative gives more emphasis to idiographic explanations than does quantitative.

Question 19

In most positivist and quantitative research, theoretical issues are brought to bear to shape data collection and analysis:

A)after the data have been collected.
B)during data collection and analysis.
C)before data collection and analysis.
D)before problem formulation occurs.

Question 20

The text states that "selective coding" in qualitative data analysis is similar to:

A)focused coding.
B)open coding.
C)pattern coding.
D)interpretive coding.

Question 21

Computers can be used for all of the following tasks in qualitative data analysis EXCEPT:

A)coding text.
B)developing concepts.
C)building theory.
D)all of the answers represent tasks that computers do in qualitative data analysis.

Question 22

An advantage of the contextualizing strategies in qualitative data analysis is:

A)their ability to generalize.
B)their richly detailed descriptions.
C)their ability to produce abstract propositions.
D)their ability to generate coding schemes.

Question 23

In qualitative data analysis, "memos" could most accurately be called:

A)the final research report.
B)attempts at theorizing.
C)interim reports to the sponsors of the research.
D)a part of a profile.

Question 24

In qualitative data analysis, an "outlier" refers to:

A)a case for which there is no data on a variable.
B)an uncooperative respondent in an field interview.
C)a case that deviates from the patterns or themes found in the data.
D)an informant whose identity as informant is known to others in the group.

Question 25

Which of the following modes of qualitative data analysis looks much like a contingency table

A)a sociogram
B)a profile
C)a context map
D)a matrix display

Question 26

"CAQDA" refers to:

A)a form of coding in qualitative data analysis.
B)a type of matrix display in qualitative data analysis.
C)using computer software to analyze qualitative data.
D)a procedure for verifying the conclusions drawn in qualitative data analysis.

Question 27

Another term for "deviant cases" is:

A)outliers.
B)inliers.
C)disconfirmation.
D)missing cases.

Question 28

According to the text, which of the following statements is true regarding qualitative data analysis in comparison to quantitative data analysis

A)Drawing conclusions is more likely to occur after data collection and analysis in qualitative data analysis.
B)Qualitative researchers hold their conclusions more tentatively or "lightly."
C)The conclusions of qualitative research are less "grounded" in the data.
D)The primary data-gathering instrument in qualitative research is less likely to be the researcher himself or herself.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the contextualizing strategies in qualitative data analysis

A)They are less concerned with abstracting and generalizing beyond the data.
B)They focus more on nomothetic explanations.
C)They focus more on idiographic explanations.
D)They focus on a deep and rich appreciation of the individuals or situations from whom the data were collected.

Question 30

The term "reflective remarks" refers to:

A)one of the coding schemes that is applied to qualitative data.
B)the final thoughts that a qualitative researcher appends to a research report.
C)the final conclusions drawn from qualitative data analysis.
D)comments or interpretations appended to field notes while transcribing them or coding the data.

Question 31

Which of the following was NOT stated in the text as a way to verify conclusions in qualitative data analysis

A)Apply criterion and construct validity.
B)Consider how the conditions of the observer might influence the conclusions drawn.
C)Assess whether the subjects of the research support the conclusions.
D)All of the answers were stated in the text as ways to verify qualitative data analysis.

Question 32

CAQDA software enables the qualitative data analyst to move back and forth between the data and more abstract concepts. This has made this software especially appealing to proponents of:

A)the positivist approach.
B)grounded theory methodology.
C)critical social science.
D)quantitative data analysis.

Question 33

The cells of a matrix display contain:

A)frequency and percentages.
B)text, quotations, or phrases from field notes.
C)inferential and descriptive statistics.
D)the observed and expected values for chi square.

Question 34

"Profiles" could best be defined as:

A)the use if interviews, life histories, letters, and other personal materials to form a detailed account of a person's life or circumstances.
B)the use of abstract coding categories to generalize from one person's experience to that of a whole group.
C)pattern coding.
D)vignettes of a person's experience, stated largely in their own words.

Question 35

A "sociogram" is most accurately called:

A)a visual display of the relationships among a group of people.
B)a measure of the intensity of the connections between people.
C)a categorizing strategy often used with grounded theory methodology.
D)a method used for theory verification qualitative data analysis.

Question 36

A disadvantage of the contextualizing strategies in qualitative data analysis is:

A)they are too abstract and general.
B)they are too quantitative.
C)they offer a limited ability to generalize.
D)they can only take the individual as the unit of analysis.

Question 37

One way that CAQDA software supports theory building activities is through:

A)helping with problem formulation.
B)generating descriptive and inferential statistics.
C)providing opportunities for memoing.
D)assisting in the creation of scattergrams.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the data displays in qualitative data analysis discussed in the text

A)narrative text
B)context map
C)sociogram
D)contingency table

Question 39

The primary goal of the case study is:

A)nomothetic explanation.
B)idiographic explanation.
C)categorizing strategy.
D)to develop abstract and generalizable propositions.

Question 40

In regard to which of the following strategies does the text conclude that "it is probably grandiose to call it theory building "

A)pattern coding
B)memoing
C)profiles
D)selective coding

Question 41

How is the drawing of conclusions in qualitative data analysis similar to and different from the drawing of conclusions in quantitative data analysis

Question 42

Discuss the kind of coding that is done in qualitative data analysis in terms of descriptive versus abstract coding and open versus focused coding.

Question 43

What procedures do qualitative data analysts use to verify or assess the validity of the conclusions that they arrive at

Question 44

Describe each of the contextualizing strategies in qualitative data analysis that were discussed in the text. What are their advantages and disadvantages

Question 45

Describe what reflective remarks and memos are. What role do they play in qualitative data analysis

Question 46

Define and describe the two general types of data analysis strategies in qualitative data analysis. Give as many example of each as you can.

Question 47

The text discusses three approaches to developing coding schemes to be used in qualitative data analysis. Describe each of those approaches and show how each is different from the others.

Question 48

Describe the goals of qualitative data analysis, pointing out how they are similar to or different from the goals of quantitative data analysis.

Question 49

Describe some of the ways in which computers are used in the analysis of qualitative data.

Question 50

Describe the kinds of data displays that are used in qualitative data analysis.