Deck 12: Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Tube inserted into the stomach through the nose and esophagus
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Answer 1

d

Question 2

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Because of their fingerlike shape, the _______________________ of the small intestine provide a huge area for absorption.

Answer 2

The main function of the digestive system is digestion and assimilation of the food that is ingested. Once the good is digested, the nutrients in it are absorbed in the intestines. The parts of the small intestines that are associated with absorption of the digested food ad the jejunum and the ileum.
Jejunum is the second part of the small intestine. It is extremely rich in blood supply due to which it appears red in color. The organ contains circular folds on the mucosal surface and villi to increase the surface area. The main function of this organ is absorption of nutrients. The large surface area provided by the fingerlike projections of the villi enables absorption of digested food.
Ileum is the third part of the small intestine. It is about 3 to 4 meters long. The main function of this organ is absorption of nutrients. The nutrients from the digested food that are not absorbed by the jejunum are absorbed by the ileum. There is no clear histological or anatomical demarcation between jejunum and ileum.
Hence, the answer is
.

Question 3

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Antiemetics _____________________________________________________________

Answer 3

Emesis or vomiting is defined as expelling the stomach contents through the mouth. The medical term for vomiting is emesis. It is a forced expulsion of the contents and is not a normal mechanism. Emesis is a symptom associated with several disease conditions. The most common indications are food poisoning, indigestion, eating foods that are rich in fats, disturbance in the inner ear that controls balance, and chronic infections.
Many people vomit during driving due to the disturbance caused in the inner ear. Severe pain and strong odours also stimulate the body to vomit. Frequent vomiting or excess vomit can lead to dehydration.
The drugs that are used to treat emesis are called antiemetics. The drugs suppress nausea and vomiting including morning sickness of pregnancy, and emesis after surgery and chemotherapy. They act on the brain's control centers to stop the nerve impulses that cause nausea. There are two types of antiemetics. They are antihistamines and phenothiazines.

Question 4

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 5

Circle the correct letter.
Monitor a patient taking propantheline bromide ( Pro-Banthine ) for which of the following side effects

A) Diarrhea, flatulence, nausea
B) Abdominal distention, burning sensation in the rectum, vomiting
C) Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, dyspnea
D) Dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased sweating

Question 6

Choose the gastrointestinal disorder that best matches each description below and write it in the space provided.

Mr. Hale is an alcoholic. His doctor has been warning him about the damage to his liver for years. Now Mr. Hale has developed a severe inflammation of the liver. The doctor orders rest and a high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 7

Identify the three important conditions to be aware of when giving medications for the gastrointestinal system.

Question 8

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Undigested waste products that collect in the large intestine are called ______________

Question 9

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Anticholinergics __________________________________________________________

Question 10

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 11

Circle the correct letter.

A) Take mixed in an 8-oz glass of water followed by another glass of liquid.
B) Avoid antacids.
C) Take with a small amount of food.
D) Avoid high-fiber foods.

Question 12

Choose the gastrointestinal disorder that best matches each description below and write it in the space provided.

Ms. Yang has an inflammation of the stomach. The epigastric tenderness and nausea have been coming and going for several weeks. Her doctor suggests that she cut out smoking and coffee to give her stomach relief.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 13

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Moving the bowels
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Question 14

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The opening that allows material from the rectum to pass out of the body is the ______
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 15

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Antidiarrheals ___________________________________________________________

Question 16

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 17

Case Studies
A patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease has been prescribed omeprazole ( Prilosec ) 20 mg orally 3 times a day. The patient asks you how Prilosec works. What should you tell the patient How do you administer Prilosec What are the side effects you should watch for _______
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 18

Choose the gastrointestinal disorder that best matches each description below and write it in the space provided.

Mr. Hruban has developed an open sore at the entrance of the small intestine. The doctor prescribes antacids to calm his nervous tension. She also orders Mr. Hruban to quit smoking.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 19

Describe and follow proper procedure for inserting rectal suppositories.

Question 20

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Bile, an enzyme that breaks down fat, is produced in the _________________________

Question 21

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Laxatives _______________________________________________________________

Question 22

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 23

Case Studies
Maalox 30 mL has been ordered prn for a patient with heartburn. After reviewing this patient's medication record, you discover tetracycline is also ordered. How should you administer these two drugs The patient asks you if constipation or diarrhea will be experienced. How should you respond _______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 24

Choose the gastrointestinal disorder that best matches each description below and write it in the space provided.

Because of an injury to the Nelson child's intestine, bacteria are released into the abdominal cavity. This has caused a serious inflammation of the abdominal linings. Surgery and antibiotics are ordered at once.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 25

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Vomiting
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Question 26

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Bile is stored in the ________________________________________________________

Question 27

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Antihelmintics ___________________________________________________________

Question 28

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 29

Critical Thinking
State the four ways that laxatives (cathartics) work.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 30

Choose the gastrointestinal disorder that best matches each description below and write it in the space provided.

Miss Perez is troubled by abdominal cramping and flatulence. She is under a great deal of stress in her job as a junior high school teacher. After a careful examination, the physician reassures her that the condition is not serious and prescribes an antispasmodic to reduce the cramping.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 31

Describe and follow proper procedure for giving medications through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube.

Question 32

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Powerful digestive juices that complete the digestion of carbohydrates, fat, and protein are
produced in the ___________________________________________________________________

Question 33

Describe the drug action; for example, Emetics cause vomiting.
Anorexiants _____________________________________________________________

Question 34

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 35

Critical Thinking
What are some of the physical measures that help gastrointestinal drugs work better
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 36

Obtain a current copy of a drug reference book or the PDR . Use it to answer the following questions in a notebook or on file cards.
Where would you look in the PDR to find other product names for the antacids listed in the Representative Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System table in this chapter Find another product name for each antacid listed.

Question 37

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Another name for the gastrointestinal system is the _______________________ system.

Question 38

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The disorder that is a chronic, nonspecific bowel disease, which is characterized by discontinuous skip lesions with segments of normal bowel occurring between diseased portions is ________________________________________________________________________________

Question 39

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
_________ Hepatitis B is a major concern for healthcare workers because it is a bloodborne disease that may occur through needlesticks.

Question 40

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 41

Critical Thinking
List three things to remember when giving gastrointestinal medications.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 42

Obtain a current copy of a drug reference book or the PDR . Use it to answer the following questions in a notebook or on file cards.
In Section 3 of the PDR , Product Category Index, find Antacids. Make a list of any antacid and combination drugs that are not in the Representative Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System table in this chapter.

Question 43

Describe the five main functions of the gastrointestinal system.

Question 44

Solve calculations on drugs on the gastrointestinal system.

Question 45

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
What are the five functions of the gastrointestinal system
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 46

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
_________ The first phase of hepatitis is the icteric phase, characterized by anorexia, weight loss, malaise, headache, low-grade fever, joint pain, and skin rashes.

Question 47

e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 48

Critical Thinking
Describe the procedure for administering a rectal suppository.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 49

Obtain a current copy of a drug reference book or the PDR . Use it to answer the following questions in a notebook or on file cards.
In Section 5 of the PDR , Product Information, look up the page number and locate the detailed information about one of the antacids you listed in question 87. What is the adult dosage Pediatric dosage How is the drug supplied Who is the manufacturer of this drug

Question 50

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Yellow color of the skin due to liver bile in the bloodstream
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Question 51

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The tube that passes through the body from the mouth to the rectum is the _______________________

Question 52

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
How is digestion related to psychological stress
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 53

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
_________ The dual-drug therapy for peptic ulcer disease includes metronidazole ( Flagyl ) and tetracycline.

Question 54

Drug Calculations
The physician orders ranitidine ( Zantac ) 50 mg intramuscularly tid. Available is 25 mg/mL. Prepare to administer _________ mL to your patient.

Question 55

Critical Thinking
What signs should you look for, chart, and report after inserting a suppository
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 56

Obtain a current copy of a drug reference book or the PDR . Use it to answer the following questions in a notebook or on file cards.
Find the picture of your antacid and combinations in Section 4 of the PDR , Product Identification Guide.

Question 57

Identify the major parts of the gastrointestinal system and tell what they do.

Question 58

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The muscular movement that carries food through the gastrointestinal system is called _______________________.

Question 59

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
List all the symptoms you can think of that signal some disorder of the digestive tract.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 60

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
_________ The major symptoms of ulcerative colitis are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.

Question 61

Drug Calculations
The physician orders diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate ( Lomotil ) 2.5 mg orally bid. Available is 5.0 mg. You will give your patient _________ tablets

Question 62

Critical Thinking
How should you prepare a tablet or capsule for administration through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 63

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Instrument for looking into the stomach
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Question 64

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Glands in the mouth, stomach, liver, and pancreas secrete ________________________ that help break down food..

Question 65

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
What is intestinal motility, and what happens if it is too fast or too slow
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 66

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
_________ Sibutramine ( Meridia ) is a weight-loss drug that is safe for patients with hypertension..

Question 67

Drug Calculations
The physician orders cimetidine ( Tagamet ) 800 mg orally at bedtime. Available are 400-mg tablets. You will give _________ tablets to your patient.

Question 68

Critical Thinking
What signs should you look for, chart, and report when administering medications through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 69

Describe symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders.

Question 70

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
Nutrients are absorbed into the blood mainly from the ___________________________...

Question 71

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
How can tooth and gum disorders lead to other gastrointestinal problems
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 72

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 73

Drug Calculations
The physician orders ondansetron ( Zofran ) 4 mg intramuscularly tid. Available is 2 mg/mL. Prepare to administer _________ mL to your patient.

Question 74

Critical Thinking
Explain what a laxative does.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 75

Match the medical terms to their definitions
Belching
a. emesis
b. eructation
c. jaundice
d. nasogastric tube
e. gastrostomy tube
f. gastroscope
g. defecation

Question 76

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The fluid that coats and dissolves food in the mouth is called _____________________

Question 77

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
What is the primary drug used to treat ulcerative colitis
_________________________________________________________________________________

Question 78

Match these drugs to their categories.
e. antidiarrheals
f. antihelmintics
g. digestants
h. antiemetics
i. histamine H 2 -receptor
antagonists
j. emetics
k. GI stimulants
m. weight-loss drugs
l. anti-inflammatory

Question 79

Drug Calculations
The physician orders dicyclomine ( Bentyl ) 15 mg orally tid. Available is a 10-mg/5-mL syrup. You will administer _________ mL to your patient.

Question 80

Critical Thinking
List two different antacid combinations.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________