Deck 5: Probation Supervision

Question 1

Probation officers rely upon their power because they have little substantive authority over their clients.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A probation officer faces role conflict in virtually every aspect of his or her job.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One main purpose of the probation officer's supervision is to enforce compliance with conditions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The PSI process typically begins with an interview with the __________.

A) victim(s)
B) sentencing judge
C) offender
D) probation officer

Question 5

Probation officers have broad discretion in supervising offenders.

Question 6

PSIs do not allow victims to make impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses due to the
offender's action.

Question 7

Formal constraints are the legal conditions of probation.

Question 8

The PSI plays a minimal role in the actual sentencing process.

Question 9

According to the text, prospective probation officers are expected to have a four-year degree in criminal justice, social work of some other related field.

Question 10

Probation may be revoked if the probationer fails to attend a mandatory therapy session.

Question 11

Typically, the court orders the PSI after the offender's arraignment.

Question 12

As a whole, adult probationers' needs tend to be quite similar regardless of their backgrounds.

Question 13

In many cases, informal pressure is put on the probation officers to give the function of __________ higher priority than ________.

A) supervision, investigation
B) surveillance, investigation
C) investigation, supervision
D) monitoring, investigation

Question 14

Fines, community service, and restitution are examples of standard conditions of probation.

Question 15

Nationally, all individual U.S. probation systems include a sentence recommendation to the presiding judge.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the three basic steps carried out by the probation officer during his or her supervisory role?

A) The officer and offender establish goals to help the offender comply with conditions of their release.
B) Based on the offender's response to supervision, the officer decides how to terminate probation.
C) The officer establishes a relationship with the offender and defines the role of the offender and officer.
D) The creation of periodic progress reports should be given to the sentencing judge.

Question 17

Probation officers traditionally perform two basic functions: __________ and supervision.

A) protection
B) investigation
C) surveillance
D) monitoring

Question 18

Most studies of the effectiveness of probation supervision find no difference in outcomes for different probation
strategies.

Question 19

Probation officers can investigate only rule violations, not new crimes. New crimes must be handled by local police departments.

Question 20

Private investigative firms have recently begun to provide judges with PSIs.

Question 21

The federal PSI differs from state PSIs by requiring .

A) the defendant to admit his or her guilt
B) the defendant to provide valid and reliable information
C) victim impact statements to be included
D) the defendant to make a detailed and full accounting of his or her financial status, assets, and liabilities.

Question 22

Case management systems help focus the supervision effort of probation officers on __________.

A) recidivism rates
B) court mandates
C) client problems
D) victim requests

Question 23

In many jurisdictions, probation officers are legally classified as "__________" officers, with the power to arrest.

A) police
B) judicial
C) courtroom
D) peace

Question 24

______________ involves a variety of interpersonal techniques that increase the effectiveness of correctional treatment, by having the probation officer interact with the client in ways that promote the client's stake in the change process.

A) Direct questioning
B) Motivational interviewing
C) Directed interrogation
D) Rational assessment

Question 25

Probation officers prefer to rely more heavily on their __________ rather than on power.

A) intelligence
B) coercion
C) court orders
D) authority

Question 26

What is the process by which private investigative firms contract with convicted offenders to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest to judges creative sentencing options as alternatives to incarceration?

A) client-specific planning
B) creative sentencing planning
C) disclosure-based planning
D) case-based planning

Question 27

Two techniques that are crucial to enhance the validity and reliability of PSI reports are __________ and _________.

A) subjectivity; verification
B) verification; objectivity
C) caution; subjectivity
D) objectivity; caution

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the major issues in presentence investigation?

A) whether the judge should follow the recommendation
B) whether to make sentencing recommendations
C) whether to disclose the contents of the PSI to the defendant
D) whether private investigative firms ought to be allowed to provide judges with PSIs paid for by the defendant

Question 29

Formal constraints, the "legal conditions" of probation, whether standard, punitive, or treatment, are set by the or are written into law.

A) probation officer
B) parole board
C) court
D) prosecution

Question 30

Supervision begins once an offender is sentenced to probation, and it involves three steps. Which of the following is NOT one of these steps?

A) establishing a relationship with the offender
B) preparation of a presentence investigation (PSI)
C) setting supervision goals to help the offender comply with conditions established by the court
D) deciding how to terminate probation on the basis of the offender's response to supervision

Question 31

Community service is an example of a __________ condition of probation.

A) treatment
B) punitive
C) customary
D) standard

Question 32

When preparing the PSI report for the judge, the probation officer is engaging in which major function of his or her job?

A) supervision
B) monitoring
C) surveillance
D) investigation

Question 33

The return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior is known as __________.

A) treatment
B) recidivism
C) conviction
D) arrest

Question 34

Leaving one's jurisdiction without permission is an example of a violation of probation.

A) treatment
B) punitive
C) customary
D) standard

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a goal of motivational interviewing?

A) Place the responsibility for behavior change on the probation officer.
B) Help the officer get "back into the game" of behavior change.
C) Identify effective tools for handling resistance and keeping difficult situations from getting worse.
D) Keep the probation officer from doing all the work.

Question 36

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that the defendant does not have a right to receive a copy of the presentence investigation report?

A) Williams v. New York
B) Morrisey v. Brewer
C) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D) Bell v. Wolfish

Question 37

Officers vary in all of the following EXCEPT _________.

A) skill
B) knowledge
C) authority
D) philosophy

Question 38

The offender's response to probation depends in part on his or her perception of the officer's .

A) intelligence
B) authority
C) power
D) attitude

Question 39

A probation officer faces role conflict every day. This conflict centers on __________.

A) the demands of the organization and the expectations of the offender
B) the responsibilities of enforcing the law while simultaneously trying to help the offender
C) personal expectations about probation work and the visible realities of the job
D) the pressure of constructing presentence investigation reports

Question 40

Constraints imposed on some probationers to force them to deal with a significant problem or need, such as substance abuse, are known as __________.

A) treatment conditions
B) standard conditions
C) punitive conditions
D) necessary conditions

Question 41

Since Mark supervises only sex offenders, what type of caseload does he have?

A) specialized
B) unique
C) normal
D) specific

Question 42

A drug that reduces craving for heroin is known as ________.

A) methadone
B) methamphetamine
C) antabuse
D) an opiate

Question 43

Refusing to attend chemical health programming could be considered a _________.

A) technical violation
B) assumed violation
C) expected violation
D) common violation

Question 44

Why did Agent Smith meet with Jodi?

A) to complete a presentence investigation
B) to complete a probation violation
C) to complete a mental health evaluation
D) to complete a postsentence evaluation

Question 45

In regard to the effectiveness of community supervision, __________ emphasizes the importance of "results" in setting priorities and selecting activities.

A) performance-based supervision
B) objective supervision
C) intensive supervision
D) subjective supervision

Question 46

What is Adam taking to help him maintain sobriety?

A) antabuse
B) methadone
C) marijuana
D) antibiotics

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the five principle components of a case management system?

A) punitive assessment
B) workload accounting
C) systematic needs assessment
D) case planning

Question 48

A drug that causes violent nausea if combined with alcohol is known as ________.

A) antabuse
B) methadone
C) methamphetamine
D) adderall.

Question 49

What will Agent Smith use to monitor Jodi's abstinence from the use of heroin?

A) urinalysis
B) gut feel
C) saliva testing
D) DNA testing

Question 50

__________ supervision will likely continue to grow in popularity.

A) Group-oriented
B) Nontechnological based
C) Specialization of
D) Decreased reliance on

Question 51

What interview technique is Mark using with his clients?

A) motivational interviewing
B) manipulation interviewing
C) degrading technique
D) determination interviewing

Question 52

The performance-based movement calls for a reshaping of the philosophy of probation with a new emphasis on ______________.

A) victim rights
B) public safety
C) recidivism rates
D) restorative justice

Question 53

The most likely outcome of probation is that people __________.

A) are transferred to house arrest
B) leave their area and are never located again
C) are rearrested for violations
D) complete their term

Question 54

With regard to evidence-based practices, which is NOT true regarding program characteristics for offenders?

A) Only offer programs to offenders who want to participate.
B) Provide treatment programs designed to deal with the problems that produce the higher risk level.
C) Provide greater levels of supervision for high-risk offenders.
D) Focus programs on high-risk probationers.

Question 55

Grouping probationers with similar problems (i.e., drug addicts, sex offenders) into a single caseload is known as _________.

A) specialized supervision programs
B) discrimination
C) focused supervision
D) inappropriate use of resources

Question 56

Since Jodi admits to heroin use, Agent Smith is recommending she participate in a program to help control her cravings for heroin. What type of program is being recommended?

A) methadone program
B) antabuse program
C) medicinal marijuana program
D) antisocial personality disorder program

Question 57

When Mark first meets with his clients, he is making a __________ with them.

A) case plan
B) agenda
C) violation report
D) presentence report

Question 58

What specialized caseload would be appropriate for the supervision of Jodi?

A) drug offender
B) sex offender
C) mental health
D) domestic abuse

Question 59

Effectiveness studies of probation almost always compare .

A) one type of probation with another
B) probation to parole
C) probation to doing nothing
D) probation to incarceration

Question 60

Probation revocation can result from a new arrest; conviction; or a rules violation, a failure to comply with a condition of probation. Rules violations that result in revocations are often referred to as ___________ violations.

A) minor
B) technical
C) conditional
D) mechanical

Question 61

Probation officers have traditionally performed two major functions: __________ and __________.

Question 62

___________ is a drug that reduces the craving for heroin.

Question 63

Probation supervision begins once an offender is __________.

Question 64

Convicted __________ may be disqualified from becoming a corrections officer.

Question 65

The presentence investigation serves mainly to help the __________ select an appropriate sentence.

Question 66

__________ probation conditions are constraints imposed on some probationers to increase the restrictiveness or painfulness of probation, including fines, community service, and restitution.

Question 67

The purpose of the __________ is to prescribe a combination of activities and reporting features that are based on the needs of the probationer.

Question 68

In practice, most judges seek some balance between rehabilitation and __________ management.

Question 69

The ability to influence a person's actions in a desired direction without resorting to force is known as
_____________.

Question 70

A presentence report is an investigation and summary report of an offender's __________.

Question 71

__________ refers to the ability to force a person to do something that he or she does not want to do.

Question 72

__________ practices refer to the use of correctional methods that have been shown to be effective through well- designed research studies.

Question 73

__________ is a drug that inhibits drinking.

Question 74

The basic probation function of __________ begins once the offender is sentenced by the court.

Question 75

If Adam doesn't complete chemical health programming, the judge could _________.

A) revoke his probation
B) civilly commit Adam to a mental health facility
C) require the treatment program to counsel Adam at his home
D) all of the above

Question 76

The report plays its most important role in the sentencing process.

Question 77

__________ is a term used to describe the return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior as measured by new arrests or other problems with the law.

Question 78

To defend against possible allegations of __________ probation officers need to document their actions so that they can meet any potential challenge.

Question 79

The probation officer and the offender establish supervision __________ to help the offender comply with conditions established by the court.

Question 80

The emotional and financial losses from crime are often communicated through ________________ statements.