Deck 2: Leadership Behavior

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a suggested guideline for action planning?

A) Identify the optimal sequence for the essential action steps.
B) Determine starting times and deadlines for each action step.
C) Determine who will be accountable for each action step.
D) Identify the best procedure for conducting each action step.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following guidelines was recommended for recognizing?

A) Provide recognition only for outstanding performance.
B) Provide more recognition to people in essential, high-visibility jobs.
C) Actively look for effective behavior or contributions to recognize.
D) Give praise in private to avoid embarrassing the recipient.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT primarily a change-oriented behavior?

A) communicating an inspiring vision for the organizational unit
B) monitoring the external environment
C) encouraging innovative thinking by subordinates
D) setting specific performance goals for subordinates

Answer 3

D

Question 4

There are ________ taxonomies of the behavior concepts pertaining to managers and leaders.

A) several almost identical
B) a couple of similar
C) a few slightly different
D) many divergent

Question 5

According to Blake and Mouton, effective leaders are MOST likely to have a ________.

A) high concern for the task and a moderate concern for relationships
B) moderate concern for the task, and a high concern for relationships
C) moderate concern for both the task and relationships
D) high concern for both the task and relationships

Question 6

Supportive leadership is MOST likely to result in what outcome for subordinates?

A) stronger organizational commitment
B) stronger satisfaction with the leader
C) better coordination among subordinates
D) better performance by subordinates

Question 7

Which feature was NOT recommended as a guideline for setting performance goals?

A) Set goals for every task and responsibility.
B) Set goals that are clear and specific.
C) Set goals that include a specific target date.
D) Set goals that are challenging but realistic.

Question 8

There are many divergent taxonomies for behavior ________.

A) so it can be difficult to translate from one set of behaviors to another
B) but different terms are never used to refer to the same type of behavior
C) although the same term is not defined differently by different theorists
D) however all the key concepts are covered in the various taxonomies

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT provided as a guideline for developing subordinates?

A) Provide constructive feedback about effective and ineffective behavior.
B) Ask specific questions to help the person analyze his or her performance.
C) Provide opportunities to learn from experience.
D) Provide detailed instructions on how to carry out each assignment.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the divergent taxonomies of leadership behavior?

A) Behavior categories do not exist in any objective sense.
B) Behavior constructs can be formulated at different levels of generality.
C) Theorists keep striving for the absolute set of "correct" behavior categories.
D) Taxonomies are developed using different methods.

Question 11

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an outcome of leader supporting behavior?

A) better time management for the leader
B) reduced stress for the subordinates
C) more cooperative leader-subordinate relationships
D) lower absenteeism and turnover by subordinates

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of clarifying behavior by a leader?

A) Explain the reasons for an assignment.
B) Clearly explain what results are expected.
C) Ask the subordinate to set performance goals.
D) Explain the relative priority of different tasks.

Question 13

Which is NOT a method for developing behavior taxonomies?

A) distributive aggregation
B) judgmental classification
C) factor analysis
D) theoretical-deductive approach

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the behavior meta-categories identified by Yukl?

A) task-oriented
B) relations-oriented
C) process-oriented
D) change-oriented

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of supporting behavior?

A) Clearly explain what the subordinate is expected to do.
B) Express confidence in a subordinate who has a difficult task.
C) Remember details about a subordinate's interests and family.
D) Help a subordinate deal with a personal problem.

Question 16

Behavior categories ________.

A) are tangible attributes of the real world
B) exist in an objective sense
C) are abstractions
D) can be established into an absolute set of correct behaviors

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT recommended as a guideline for coaching?

A) Provide constructive feedback about effective and ineffective behavior.
B) Ask specific questions to help the person analyze his or her performance.
C) Encourage the person to look at a problem from different perspectives.
D) Provide detailed instructions on how to carry out each assignment.

Question 18

Which of the following was provided as a guideline for monitoring?

A) Measure only outcomes rather than wasting time trying to assess causal processes.
B) Develop independent sources of information about the performance of the work unit.
C) Use prior performance as the primary basis for assessing current performance.
D) Conduct weekly progress review meetings with each subordinate.

Question 19

To improve problem solving, it is recommended that managers should ________.

A) concentrate on solving the easy problems first
B) concentrate on solving the most difficult problems first
C) deal with a problem as soon as it is discovered
D) look for ways to solve related problems at the same time

Question 20

Which type of behavior is LEAST likely to occur with people outside the leader's work unit?

A) external monitoring
B) delegating
C) networking
D) representing

Question 21

________ leadership is another name for the behavior category involving decision-making procedures that a leader can use to involve others in decisions about the work.

A) Autocratic
B) Charismatic
C) Democratic
D) Didactic

Question 22

Interpretation of overall results from studies on task-oriented and relations-oriented behaviors is ________.

A) facilitated by differences in the behavior measures employed
B) made challenging by disparities in the types of criteria used
C) enabled by similarities among the research methods utilized
D) not attempted due to overlap among overall objectives

Question 23

Which of the following labels has been used to describe relations-oriented behavior?

A) maintenance behavior
B) concern for production
C) instrumental leadership
D) goal emphasis

Question 24

Which of the following is a specific type of change-oriented behavior?

A) clarifying work roles
B) monitoring subordinate performance
C) assigning specific tasks
D) encouraging innovation

Question 25

Two taxonomies that have the same purpose ________.

A) cannot be devised at different levels of abstraction
B) must be framed in the same level of generality
C) may be formulated at different levels of specificity
D) will focus on the same set of objectively correct categories

Question 26

________-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with increasing mutual trust, cooperation, job satisfaction, and identification with the team or organization.

A) Task
B) Relations
C) Change
D) Transforming

Question 27

Which is a reason why taxonomies developed to describe leadership behavior are so different?

A) An absolute set of "correct" behavior categories can be established.
B) Constructs can be formulated at different levels of abstraction.
C) All taxonomies are tangible attributes of the real world.
D) Taxonomies must include all relevant aspects of leader behavior.

Question 28

A key concept in one taxonomy ________.

A) may be absent from another taxonomy
B) must be included in all taxonomies
C) is always easily translated to the corresponding concept in other taxonomies
D) will have the same name in all taxonomies

Question 29

What is another term for transformational leadership?

A) visionary leadership
B) aspirational leadership
C) participative leadership
D) empowering leadership

Question 30

In the 1980s, ________.

A) some change-oriented behaviors were included in theories of charismatic and transformational leadership
B) leading change officially became recognized as a type of behavior distinct from task- and relations-oriented behavior
C) the pursuit of a distinct change-oriented category of behavior was abandoned
D) theorists discarded the standalone category of change-oriented behavior

Question 31

According to studies, leader task-oriented behavior is ________ related to subordinate satisfaction.

A) consistently
B) not consistently
C) never
D) always

Question 32

The ________-oriented categories usually include specific behaviors such as clarifying work roles and objectives, assigning specific tasks to subordinates, and planning activities and tasks for the work group.

A) change
B) relationship
C) task
D) transforming

Question 33

A hierarchical taxonomy has ________.

A) more than five narrow behavior categories
B) just one broad behavior with many component behaviors for it
C) two or fewer component behaviors for each of two or more narrow behaviors
D) two or more broad behaviors with specific component behaviors for each broad one

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a specific type of empowering decision procedure?

A) consultation
B) joint decisions
C) clarification of task objectives
D) delegation

Question 35

Most of the theories and research on effective leadership behavior involve ________ defined behaviors.

A) one or two broadly
B) at least five broadly
C) exactly three narrowly
D) four or five narrowly

Question 36

Little attention was paid to behaviors directly concerned with ________ in early leadership theory and research.

A) encouraging and facilitating change
B) accomplishing the task in an efficient and reliable way
C) increasing mutual trust
D) improving job satisfaction and identification with the team

Question 37

Task-oriented behavior ________.

A) focuses on the accomplishment of an undertaking in an efficient, reliable way
B) is concerned with increasing trust, cooperation, and identification with the team
C) prioritizes and encourages innovation in the workplace
D) emphasizes consultation and joint decisions

Question 38

Some of the research on empowering leadership includes other types of leader behaviors in addition to decision procedures, like ________.

A) proposing an appealing vision of what could be changed
B) sharing information
C) assigning specific tasks
D) withholding resources

Question 39

Which of the following labels has been used to describe task-oriented behavior?

A) consideration
B) maintenance behavior
C) initiating structure
D) supportive leadership

Question 40

Most studies on task-oriented and relations-oriented behavior found that ________.

A) subordinates were more satisfied with a demanding and forceful leader
B) no preference for leadership style was expressed by subordinates
C) a considerate, supportive leader led to greater satisfaction for subordinates
D) an encouraging, thoughtful leader resulted in lower subordinate approval

Question 41

Short-term planning of work activities means deciding all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) what to do
B) how to do it
C) when it will be done
D) why it should be done

Question 42

The purpose of clarifying is to ________.

A) ensure efficient organization of the work unit, coordination of activities, and effective utilization of resources
B) guide and coordinate work activity and make sure people know what to do and how to do it
C) gather information about the operations of the manager's organizational unit
D) deal with disruptions of normal operations and member behavior that is illegal, destructive, or unsafe

Question 43

________ involves gathering information about the operations of the manager's organizational unit, including the progress of the work, the performance of individual subordinates, the quality of products or services, and the success of projects or programs.

A) Planning
B) Clarifying
C) Monitoring
D) Problem solving

Question 44

Which of the following behaviors is associated with external monitoring?

A) identifying threats and opportunities for the leader's group or organization
B) using ingratiation
C) socializing with people in other work units
D) using political tactics to influence decisions made by governmental agencies

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of external leadership behavior?

A) networking
B) clarifying task objectives
C) external monitoring
D) representing

Question 46

The purpose of ________ is to ensure efficient organization of the work unit, coordination of activities, and effective utilization of resources.

A) planning
B) clarifying
C) monitoring
D) problem solving

Question 47

The representing category of external behavior includes ________.

A) using political tactics to influence decisions made by superiors
B) studying the actions of opponents and competitors
C) attending professional conferences and ceremonies
D) joining social networks

Question 48

Conducting market research is an example of ________.

A) external monitoring
B) representing
C) networking
D) clarifying

Question 49

Which is NOT an example of a specific transformational leadership behavior?

A) leading by example
B) talking about personal values
C) lobbying for resources
D) making self-sacrifices for the group

Question 50

Descriptive research on effective managers suggests that they ________.

A) pass problems along to others within the organization
B) involve more people than necessary to ensure that a problem is solved
C) give priority to important problems that can be solved
D) focus their time on intractable problems

Question 51

What is the purpose of problem solving?

A) to ensure efficient organization of the work unit, coordination of activities, and effective utilization of resources
B) to guide and coordinate work activity and make sure people know what to do and how to do it
C) to gather information about the operations of the manager's organizational unit
D) to deal with disruptions of normal operations and member behavior that is illegal, destructive, or unsafe

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a reactive problem solving behavior?

A) purchasing generators to be used if there is a disruption in the supply of electricity
B) creating a contingency plan for operations in the case of a natural disaster
C) establishing health and safety guidelines for the operation of dangerous equipment
D) providing replacements to consumers who received defective merchandise

Question 53

Information gathered from monitoring is used to do all of the following EXCEPT to ________.

A) identify problems
B) clarify tasks
C) formulate objectives
D) modify policies

Question 54

Clarifying behavior is more important when ________.

A) an organization has elaborate regulations regarding how work should be done
B) subordinates are highly trained professionals
C) there is substantial role ambiguity for members of a work unit
D) the work unit functions harmoniously and is conflict-free

Question 55

Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of the representing category of external behavior?

A) lobbying for resources from superiors
B) promoting the reputation of the leader's group
C) studying the decisions of competitors
D) negotiating agreements with suppliers

Question 56

Doing favors for peers or outsiders is an example of which category of external leadership behavior?

A) external monitoring
B) representing
C) clarifying
D) networking

Question 57

Making self-sacrifices for the team or organization is associated with ________ leadership.

A) empowering
B) participative
C) democratic
D) transformational

Question 58

Planning ________.

A) usually occurs in a single behavior episode
B) is mostly a cognitive activity
C) has no observable aspects
D) is least observable when a manager takes action to implement plans by communicating them to others

Question 59

Proactive influence tactics ________.

A) cannot be used with people outside the organization, like clients or suppliers
B) are especially important for routine requests
C) can help gain commitment to requests and proposals
D) should not be used for a leader to resist influence attempts made by others

Question 60

Networking is one of the three distinct and broadly defined categories of ________ behavior.

A) external
B) internal
C) visionary
D) proactive

Question 61

Supportive leadership ________.

A) includes a wide variety of behaviors that show consideration, acceptance and concern for the needs and feelings of other people
B) seeks to guide and coordinate work activity and make sure people know what to do and how to do it
C) involves giving praise and showing appreciation to others for effective performance, significant achievements, and important contribution to an organization
D) strives to increase a subordinate's skills and facilitate job adjustment and career advancement

Question 62

Praise ________.

A) is the most difficult form of recognition
B) is overutilized by many managers
C) most often is given publicly
D) may take the form of oral comments

Question 63

Consideration is a behavior category that includes sets of behaviors involving concern for relationships.

Question 64

Initiating structure includes behaviors such as assigning tasks to subordinates, maintaining definite standards of performance, asking subordinates to follow standard procedures, emphasizing the importance of meeting deadlines, criticizing poor work, and coordinating the activities of different subordinates.

Question 65

The most common method for studying effective leadership is an experiment in which leader behavior is manipulated by researchers to determine how it affects subordinates.

Question 66

________ leadership involves giving praise and showing appreciation to others for effective performance, significant achievements, and important contribution to an organization.

A) Supportive
B) Developing
C) Recognizing
D) Clarifying

Question 67

Change-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with understanding the external environment and finding ways to minimize the amount of adaptive change.

Question 68

Developing ________.

A) is usually done with a colleague
B) cannot be done with a boss
C) may be done with a peer
D) is never delegated to subordinates

Question 69

Clarifying mostly involves the communication of plans, policies, and role expectations to peers and clients.

Question 70

Recognition ________.

A) should not be given for improvement if an individual's level of performance is still only average
B) must be limited to successful efforts
C) may be given for personal sacrifices made to accomplish a task
D) should be limited to a few best performers in each type of job

Question 71

The three meta-categories of task-oriented, relations-oriented, and change-oriented behaviors are independent and unrelated to each other.

Question 72

Bolstering a person's self-esteem and confidence is a guideline for ________ leadership.

A) supportive
B) developing
C) clarifying
D) recognizing

Question 73

Planning is easy to observe because it mostly involves processing, analyzing, and deciding that occurs at discrete moments.

Question 74

Key components of ________ leadership include mentoring, coaching, and providing developmental opportunities.

A) supportive
B) developing
C) clarifying
D) recognizing

Question 75

Which type of leadership behavior involves increasing a subordinate's skills and facilitating job adjustment and career advancement?

A) supportive
B) developing
C) clarifying
D) recognizing

Question 76

Monitoring involves gathering information about the progress of the work, the performance of individual subordinates, and the success of work unit activities and projects.

Question 77

The primary purpose of recognizing, especially when used with subordinates, is to ________.

A) strengthen desirable behavior and task commitment
B) attain task objectives
C) build and maintain effective interpersonal relationships
D) increase acceptance and trust of the leader

Question 78

It is not possible to establish an absolute set of "correct" behavior categories to organize the behavior descriptions from research over the last half-century.

Question 79

Developing includes managerial practices such as mentoring and coaching that are used to increase a subordinate's skills and facilitate job adjustment and career advancement.

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of a potential benefit that developing can offer to the organization?

A) better job adjustment
B) more skill learning
C) faster career advancement
D) higher employee commitment