Deck 12: The Prison Experience and Prisoner Reentry

Question 1

Which pattern of inmate behavior includes following rules and generally doing whatever is necessary to speed up their release so they can continue their chosen careers?

A) disorganized criminal
B) doing time
C) gleaning
D) jailing

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which amendment states that inmates do not have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans?

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Eighth
D) Thirteenth

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails is the:

A) hands-off doctrine.
B) laissez-faire doctrine.
C) judicial reprieve.
D) penal authority doctrine.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

______oversee small groups of inmates as they perform tasks in the cafeteria, the prison store, the laundry, and other areas.

A) Block officers
B) Tower guards
C) Work detail supervisors
D) Yard officers

Question 5

The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population is called:

A) gleaning.
B) prisonization.
C) institutionalization.
D) immersion.

Question 6

Who is responsible for the "well­being" of the inmates by making sure that inmates do not harm themselves or other prisoners?

A) block officers
B) tower guards
C) work detail supervisors
D) yard officers

Question 7

A number of prison experts have noted that group violence often occurs in response to_____ at corrections facilities.

A) overcrowding
B) deprivation
C) violence
D) heightened security

Question 8

Inmates who are ______are establishing themselves in the power structure of the prison culture.

A) disorganized criminals
B) doing time
C) gleaning
D) jailing

Question 9

Inmates who take advantage of prison resources, such as libraries or drug treatment programs, by are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society.

A) being disorganized criminals
B) doing time
C) gleaning
D) jailing

Question 10

What is the deprivation model?

A) The deprivation model theorizes that the most effective method of dealing with inmate violence is to deprive inmates of privileges such as access to television and recreation.
B) The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life normally available outside the institution.
C) The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of quality food, time outdoors, and exercise.
D) The deprivation model theorizes that depriving inmates of visits from associates in the free world will significantly reduce the amount of contraband that enters the prison facility.

Question 11

_______are primarily administrators who deal directly with the warden on custodial issues.

A) Captains
B) Lieutenants
C) Officers
D) Sergeants

Question 12

Inmates develop their own language, or:

A) dialect.
B) argot.
C) code.
D) slang.

Question 13

These officers perform maintenance and security functions in workshop and educational programs.

A) Block officers
B) Industrial shop and school officers
C) Work detail supervisors
D) Yard officers

Question 14

A______ is the disciplinarian of the prison, responsible for policing and transporting the inmates.

A) captain
B) lieutenant
C) officer
D) sergeant

Question 15

Who are the officers who are responsible for staying alert for breaches in prison discipline or regulations in the relatively unstructured environment of the prison yard?

A) Block officers
B) Industrial shop and school officers
C) Tower guards
D) Yard officers

Question 16

Which rank of custodial staff is responsible for overseeing platoons of officers in specific parts of the prison, such as various cell blocks or work spaces?

A) captain
B) lieutenant
C) officer
D) sergeant

Question 17

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that minor injuries suffered by a convict at the hands of a correctional officer following an argument did violate the inmate's rights, because there was no security concern at the time of the incident?

A) Cooper v. Pate
B) Hudson v. McMillan
C) Whitley v. Albers
D) Wolff v. McDonnell

Question 18

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court find that severe overcrowding in California state prisons denied inmates satisfactory levels of mental and physical health care, and therefore amounted to unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Brown v. Plata
B) Hudson v. Palmer
C) Cruz v. California
D) Wolff v. McDonnell

Question 19

An inmate who is _____exists on the fringes of prison society.

A) a disorganized criminal
B) doing time
C) gleaning
D) jailing

Question 20

Which would NOT be considered to be a reason for violent behavior in prisons?

A) A reputation for violence may lead an inmate to become a target of assault.
B) It enhances self-image in an environment that does not respect other attributes, such as intelligence.
C) In the case of rape, it gives sexual relief.
D) It serves as a means of acquiring material goods through extortion or outright robbery.

Question 21

Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
After a few months of observing Matthew and his interaction with other inmates, the correctional officers believe that Matthew will follow the rules and generally do what is necessary to speed up his release and return to freedom. This type of inmate behavior is known as:

A) disorganized.
B) doing time.
C) gleaning.
D) jailing.

Question 22

Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
In his communication with other inmates they ask him about his crime. They are particularly concerned if he is a child molester. Matthew then learns that the word for "child molester" in the inmate language is a(n):

A) base head.
B) bug.
C) diddler.
D) lugger.

Question 23

Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
One of Sergeant Hernandez's rookie officers has been known to use excessive force. Sergeant Hernandez must evaluate if the level of force used by Officer Williams is a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment protections. Which Supreme Court case held that the use of force by prison officials violates an inmate's Eighth Amendment protections only if the force amounts to the "unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain"?

A) Hudson v. McMillan
B) Estelle v. Gamble
C) Wilson v. Seiter
D) Whitley v. Albers

Question 24

This is a release from prison that occurs when an offender has served the length of his or her sentence, with time taken off for good behavior.

A) expiration release
B) pardon
C) parole
D) probation

Question 25

Under the_____ model, the authorities directly notify the community of the sex offender's presence.

A) community
B) passive
C) active
D) registration

Question 26

Drug and alcohol use within a women's prison can be a function of the anger and depression many inmates experience due to:

A) being separated from their children.
B) being separated from their husbands.
C) a lack of heterogeneous relationships.
D) a lack of personal freedoms.

Question 27

The goal of reentry is to promote______ , or continued abstinence from offending.

A) desistance
B) recidivism
C) rehabilitation
D) resistance

Question 28

The single factor that most distinguishes female prisoners from their male counterparts is:

A) age.
B) a history of physical or sexual abuse.
C) a lengthy criminal history.
D) race or ethnicity.

Question 29

Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
The warden decides that Sergeant Hernandez will supervise the rookie officers. He will most likely be required to supervise which officers?

A) block officers
B) industrial officers
C) tower guards
D) yard officers

Question 30

When inmates try to prove that their Eighth Amendment rights were violated by a correctional facility, they must meet the standard of:

A) deliberate indifference.
B) hands-on approach.
C) identifiable human needs.
D) relative deprivation.

Question 31

Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
Six months into his prison sentence Matthew begins to feel frustrated because he has no freedom and he misses the items he was used to when he was out of prison, like his cell phone and his iPod. What theory would explain this inmate aggression?

A) consensus model
B) conflict model
C) deprivation model
D) integration model

Question 32

Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
Officer Hernandez is applying to be promoted to sergeant. If he gets the promotion what will his main duties consist of?

A) He will deal with the warden on custodial issues.
B) He will be responsible for policing and transporting the inmates.
C) He will oversee the platoons of officers in specific parts of the prison.
D) He will supervise inmates in their cell blocks.

Question 33

Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
Part of this process will include learning how inmates create their own economy and even their own language. This inmate language is known as:

A) dialect.
B) argot.
C) code.
D) slang.

Question 34

Prisoners nearing the end of their sentences are given permission to work at paid employment in the community as part of:

A) parole.
B) work release programs.
C) probation.
D) furlough.

Question 35

Megan's Law requires states to provide communities with relevant information on_____ as a condition of receiving federal anticrime funds.

A) drug offenders
B) murderers
C) property offenders
D) sexual offenders

Question 36

Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
Once he arrives at the prison, Matthew is given a handbook that explains all the regulations and guidelines. He also speaks with some of the inmates who explain to him that he will go through a socialization process where he will learn the accepted norms and values of the prison culture that are not included in a handbook. These are more the rules of the prison created by the inmates. What is this process called?

A) deliberate indifference
B) desistance
C) prisonization
D) relative deprivation

Question 37

Each year, more than______ persons leave prison and return to the community.

A) 200,000
B) 300,000
C) 650,000
D) 1,000,000

Question 38

This is the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired.

A) mandatory release
B) pardon
C) parole
D) probation

Question 39

Efforts being made to help inmates make the transition from prison to the "outside" are included under the concept of:

A) parole.
B) pardons.
C) prisoner reentry.
D) prisoner rehabilitation.

Question 40

An act of executive clemency that overturns a conviction and erases mention of the crime from the person's criminal record is referred to as:

A) a mandatory release.
B) a pardon.
C) parole.
D) probation.

Question 41

By definition, a total institution is an institution that provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live within its boundaries.

Question 42

Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
During one of Sergeant Hernandez's daytime shifts, an inmate playing basketball in the yard collapses. The officers see him collapse and do not approach him. After 15 minutes the inmate gets up and complains to an officer that he has severe abdominal cramping and that he is very light-headed. Sergeant Hernandez makes the decision to deny the inmate's request for medical care. When the inmate returns to his cell, he collapses again, goes into cardiac arrest, and dies within 5 minutes. Which Supreme Court case ruled that it is a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights to deliberately fail to provide medical care?

A) Hudson v. McMillan
B) Estelle v. Gamble
C) Wilson v. Seiter
D) Whitley v. Albers

Question 43

Prison violence is often an outlet for racial tension.

Question 44

The culture in male prisons is similar to the culture in female prisons.

Question 45

In the highly regulated, oppressive environment of the prison, correctional officers must use the threat of violence, if not actual violence, to instill discipline and keep order.

Question 46

Violence is the cause of almost 9 of 10 inmate deaths in state prisons.

Question 47

About 40% of women in federal prisons report some form of past abuse.

Question 48

Female correctional officers are less effective than their male counterparts in maintaining discipline in men's prisons.

Question 49

Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
One of Sergeant Hernandez's responsibilities is to censor inmate mail in order to maintain prison security. Which constitutional amendment is related to the issue of censoring inmate mail?

A) First Amendment
B) Fourth Amendment
C) Fifth Amendment
D) Eighth Amendment

Question 50

Relative deprivation is a theory that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life outside the institution.

Question 51

Websites that provide sex offender registry information are considered a form of passive notification.

Question 52

Violence by inmates is used to establish the prisoner hierarchy by separating the powerful from the weak.

Question 53

A prisoner today is much more likely to have been incarcerated on a drug charge or immigration violation than was the case in the 1980s.

Question 54

Inmates have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans.

Question 55

The majority of inmates are under the age of 25.

Question 56

Prior to the 1970s, the courts applied the "hands­off" doctrine to prisoner law.

Question 57

Federal and state laws restrict public housing options for ex-convicts.

Question 58

Expiration release, also known as "maxing out," occurs when an inmate has served the maximum amount of time on
the initial sentence, minus reductions for good-time credits.

Question 59

Officers who work the prison yard usually have the least seniority, befitting the assignment's reputation as dangerous
and stressful.

Question 60

Jailing is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population.

Question 61

____refers to a standard for establishing a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights, requiring that prison officials were aware of harmful conditions in a correctional institution and failed to take steps to remedy those conditions.

Question 62

A community-based form of early release that places inmates in residential centers and allows them to reintegrate with society is a(n)___________________________.

Question 63

A _____________ is an identifiable group of three or more individuals who pose a threat to the safety of other inmates or members of the corrections community.

Question 64

In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that overcrowding, excessive noise, inadequate heating, and unsanitary bathrooms were not cruel and unusual.

Question 65

In women's prisons the inmates form_____ , where they play specific roles, with the more experienced convicts acting as "mothers" to younger inmates.

Question 66

Officers who provide security at prison gates, oversee visitation procedures, act as liaisons for civilians, and handle administrative tasks such as the paperwork when an inmate is transferred from another institution are_____________________________.

Question 67

______is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison culture.

Question 68

A(n)______ is the release of an inmate from prison at the end of his or her sentence without any further correctional supervision.

Question 69

_______is the theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated.

Question 70

The basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution to provide to inmates are___________________________.

Question 71

Laws that require local law authorities to alert the public when a sex offender has been released into the community are _______________________________.

Question 72

In the_______ notification model, information on sex offenders is made open and available for public scrutiny.

Question 73

Organized activities for inmates that are designed to improve their physical and mental health, provide them with skills, or simply keep them busy while incarcerated are_________ .

Question 74

A form of temporary release in which an inmate is allowed to leave the prison for a short amount of time is a(n)_________________________.

Question 75

_____spend their entire shifts in isolated, silent posts high above the grounds of the facility using walkie-talkies to communicate.

Question 76

Corrections budgets are straining under the financial pressures caused by the _____________ needs of aging inmates.

Question 77

What is a total institution? Discuss how it applies within the prison culture.

Question 78

A________- is a group of inmates who band together within the corrections system to engage in social and criminal activities.

Question 79

Situations in which a number of prisoners are beyond institutional control are _________.

Question 80

Inmates who are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society are______ .