Deck 11: Prisons and Jails

Question 1

Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners?

A) maximum-security prisons
B) medium-security prisons
C) minimum-security prisons
D) supermax prisons

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with violent and repeat offenders, in a ____.

A) jail
B) maximum-security prison
C) medium-security prison
D) minimum-security prison

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes.

A) congregate system
B) medical model
C) separate confinement system
D) supermax system

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the main purpose of the supermax prison?

A) to allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers
B) to house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting
C) to provide rehabilitation to the inmate
D) to strictly control the inmates' movements

Question 5

Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences?

A) maximum-security prisons
B) medium-security prisons
C) minimum-security prisons
D) supermax prisons

Question 6

At , good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification.

A) Auburn Prison
B) the Eastern Penitentiary
C) Elmira
D) the Western Penitentiary

Question 7

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon­wheel"­like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control?

A) campus style
B) courtyard style
C) radial design
D) telephone-pole design

Question 8

Custodial employees in prisons, those who deal directly with inmates, .

A) make up more than three quarters of a prison's staff
B) make up more than half of a prison's staff
C) make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff
D) make up 100% of a prison's staff, because all employees are categorized as custodial

Question 9

If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens, those in New York focused on:

A) idleness.
B) obedience.
C) silence.
D) privacy.

Question 10

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack:

A) a chain of command.
B) bureaucracy.
C) continuity of purpose.
D) a military structure.

Question 11

The Quakers' ideals were:

A) humanity and restitution.
B) restitution and incarceration.
C) humanity and rehabilitation.
D) retribution and deterrence.

Question 12

The_____ is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison.

A) sheriff
B) attorney general
C) warden
D) chief correctional officer

Question 13

In what state was the first penitentiary opened?

A) Washington, DC
B) Illinois
C) New York
D) Pennsylvania

Question 14

An essay by provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.

A) Progressives
B) Quakers
C) Robert Martinson
D) warden organizations

Question 15

Who is responsible for the organization and operation of state corrections systems?

A) governors
B) sheriffs
C) law enforcement
D) state prison authorities

Question 16

The_____ prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of solitary confinement.

A) maximum-security
B) medium-security
C) minimum-security
D) supermax

Question 17

Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement. What were these problems?

A) excessive costs and overcrowding
B) excessive costs and intruding politics
C) intruding politics and overcrowding
D) overcrowding and violence

Question 18

What type of prison design is typical for minimum-security prisons?

A) campus style
B) courtyard style
C) radial design
D) telephone-pole design

Question 19

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have:

A) a chain of command.
B) continuity of purpose.
C) a decentralized leadership structure.
D) a military structure.

Question 20

Which is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation?

A) jail
B) penitentiary
C) prison
D) supermax facility

Question 21

Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes"?

A) maximum-security prisons
B) medium-security prisons
C) minimum-security prisons
D) supermax prisons

Question 22

Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Since Mr. Johnson will be responsible for the organization and performance of the correctional facility, what will be his title?

A) deputy
B) mayor
C) sheriff
D) warden

Question 23

The typical jail term is approximately ________________.

A) 10 to 30 days
B) 30 to 90 days
C) 180 days
D) 1 year

Question 24

High rates of incarceration likely lead to:

A) higher rates of criminal offending.
B) greater democratic participation.
C) increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated.
D) a decline in the unemployment rate.

Question 25

Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world"?

A) maximum-security prisons
B) medium-security prisons
C) minimum-security prisons
D) supermax prisons

Question 26

Like their counterparts in state prisons, jail inmates are overwhelmingly _____________.

A) teenagers
B) older minority adults
C) young male adults
D) young white adults

Question 27

Most jails are administered by:

A) municipal police.
B) county sheriffs.
C) state government.
D) federal government.

Question 28

Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Because this prison is being built to be the "prison of the future," which type of design will the prison follow?

A) courtyard
B) podular
C) radial
D) telephone-pole

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the roles performed by jails?

A) hold individuals convicted of felonies
B) receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial
C) temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities
D) hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities

Question 30

Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility?

A) to allow for individual repentance with a religious leader
B) to care for the inmate at an individual level
C) to limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline
D) to provide individual treatment opportunities

Question 31

Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors?

A) jail
B) maximum-security prison
C) medium-security prison
D) minimum-security prison

Question 32

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than:

A) 100 inmates.
B) 25 inmates.
C) 50 inmates.
D) 200 inmates.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations?

A) federal prison growth
B) increased probability of incarceration
C) inmates serving more time for each crime
D) private prisons

Question 34

Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson is a firm believer that the classification process is the most important part of the correctional system. This will ensure that each inmate is appropriately assigned to the correctional facility that will be the best fit for him or her. Which of the following is NOT one of the common criteria used for classification purposes?

A) the seriousness of the crime committed
B) the risk of future criminal or violent conduct
C) the size and physical strength of the inmate
D) the need for treatment and rehabilitation programs

Question 35

Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of:

A) suffering financial hardship.
B) reduced supervision.
C) reduced discipline.
D) all of these.

Question 36

Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson receives a phone call from the head of the department of corrections who informs him that the prison will be reserved for the inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons. In essence, this prison will be reserved for the "worst of the worst" inmates in the state's correctional system. What type of correctional facility will Mr. Johnson be in charge of?

A) administrative prison
B) maximum-security prison
C) medium-security prison
D) supermax prison

Question 37

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to:

A) terrorism.
B) harsher penalties for sex offenders.
C) the war on drugs.
D) the increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults.

Question 38

The incentive to privatize is primarily to:

A) best rehabilitate inmates.
B) decrease the cost of incarceration.
C) increase public safety.
D) increase the salaries of correctional officers.

Question 39

The primary motivation for reducing prison populations is _______.

A) financial
B) overcrowding
C) changing sentencing policies
D) changing public opinion

Question 40

The main argument against private prisons is:

A) there is too much red tape involved in their management.
B) the operators cut corners.
C) conditions are primitive and unsanitary.
D) they are too expensive.

Question 41

The "new penology" was put into practice at New York's Elmira Reformatory in 1876.

Question 42

Incarceration has a harmful impact on offenders themselves.

Question 43

The Walnut Street Jail failed because inmates succumbed to illness, insanity, and suicide.

Question 44

Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson is on a task force to help the governor figure out a way to cut corrections costs in the state. One agreed upon goal is that the state begins a process of decarceration where it will reduce its inmate population. Which of the following is NOT a common strategy used to reduce the prison population?

A) decrease the probability that nonviolent offenders will be sentenced to prison
B) increase the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison
C) increase the rate of release of violent offenders from prison
D) decrease the rate of imprisonment for probation violators

Question 45

Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws.

Question 46

Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.

-The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons more than doubled between 2000 and 2010. The current emphasis on imprisoning violators of _______law seems likely to ensure that this trend will continue.

A) bankruptcy
B) rug
C) immigration
D) terrorism

Question 47

The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun to slowly decline.

Question 48

The warden is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison.

Question 49

Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Some of the lawmakers are more concerned with the costs of jails than they are of prisons. They make the argument that almost 13 million people are admitted to jails over the course of a year nationwide. Other lawmakers claim that jails are different than prisons and should not be their concern at this time. How are jails different than prisons?

A) Jails are operated by county and city governments.
B) Jails only house inmates that have been convicted of a crime.
C) Jails house inmates who have sentences than longer than 1 year.
D) Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.

Question 50

The correctional system in the American colonies differed very little from that of England.

Question 51

There is no parole in the federal prison system.

Question 52

Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
One lawmaker believes that the best way to reduce correctional costs is to privatize the prison system. He makes several arguments as to how privatization of prisons will reduce the overall budget. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the lawmaker would give to prove his point?

A) competitive bidding
B) fewer programs to inmates
C) labor costs
D) less red tape

Question 53

The United States has a dual prison system that parallels its dual court system.

Question 54

The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations.

Question 55

Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Many lawmakers express their concerns of privatizing the prisons in the state. Which of the following are some of the criticisms that these legislatures make?

A) there is no economic benefit to private prisons
B) private prisons are less secure to government-run prisons
C) private prisons are constitutionally problematic
D) all of these

Question 56

Progressive theories had a huge impact on prisons as many prison administrators supported the Progressives and their followers.

Question 57

Maximum-security prisons tend to be small, holding under 500 inmates.

Question 58

Prisons have a continuity of purpose that is lacking in police departments.

Question 59

The high cost of imprisonment has caused policymakers to consider a number of different methods to reduce the number of people in prison.

Question 60

Today in the United States, the chance of someone arrested going to prison is much greater than it was 30 years ago.

Question 61

The Pennsylvania System used the_____ , which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times, with daily activities taking place in individual cells.

Question 62

The prison official ultimately responsible for the correctional facility is the warden, also known as the
______________________.

Question 63

___________________ adopted the "Great Law" in Pennsylvania in 1682.

Question 64

Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.

Question 65

Private prisons can often be run more cheaply and efficiently than public ones.

Question 66

Of the nearly 3,370 jails in the United States, more than 2,700 are operated at a county level by an elected sheriff.

Question 67

A disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered to their quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended. This is called__________- .

Question 68

The American prison system is coming under increased scrutiny because its focus is on discipline and separate
inmates, rather than preparing them for their release.

Question 69

For most states looking to cut corrections costs, the focus has been on________ , which is the reduction of inmate populations.

Question 70

Supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual _________, in which all inmates are confined to their cells.

Question 71

A linear designed jail uses direct supervision where one or more jail officers are stationed in the living area of the pod and are in constant interaction with all prisoners in that pod.

Question 72

A _________-security prison allows inmates to have a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world.

Question 73

A common strategy of decarceration is ________the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison.

Question 74

A ______is a correctional facility reserved for the "worst of the worst" of America's corrections populations.

Question 75

The incentive to privatize is primarily financial.

Question 76

The _________was/were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences, probation, community sanctions, and parole in the first half of the twentieth century.

Question 77

The _____system was used at Auburn, where inmates worked and ate together, with silence enforced by guards.

Question 78

__________are those who deal with the inmates and make up more than half a prison's
staff.

Question 79

________is the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender.

Question 80

Children of convicts are at a higher risk than their peers for antisocial behavior and mental health problems.