Deck 14: Todays Challenges in Criminal Justice

Question 1

Which piece of legislation gives federal law enforcement officers the power to arrest and prosecute any individual who provides "material support or resources" to a "terrorist organization"?

A) Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA)
B) Criminal Justice Model
C) The Liberty Seven
D) USA Patriot Act

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A software program that is capable of reproducing itself as it spreads from one computer to the next is a(n):

A) virus.
B) botnet.
C) worm.
D) spam.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

:The primary purpose of the AEDPA is to fight terrorism by:

A) easing the Fourth Amendment requirements of search and seizure to allow federal law enforcement agents quicker access to terror suspects.
B) creating harsher penalties for those convicted of terrorist acts.
C) cutting off the financial support funneled to terrorist organizations.
D) establishing the Department of Homeland Security.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When the perpetrator uses the Internet or some form of electronic communication to harass and stalk the victim, this is known as:

A) phishing.
B) intellectual property theft.
C) cyberbullying.
D) cyberstalking.

Question 5

The________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."

A) Second
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth

Question 6

The ________ has become the lead agency when it comes to white-collar crime, particularly in response to recent financial scandals.

A) FBI
B) CIA
C) FDA
D) DEA

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the designations of being "mentally defective"?

A) is a danger of herself or himself to others
B) lacks the mental capacity to manage his or her own affairs
C) has been found insane or incompetent to stand trial by a criminal or military court
D) has a history of hurting animals

Question 8

Any criminal activity occurring via a computer in the virtual community of the Internet is a:

A) cybercrime.
B) white-collar crime.
C) property crime.
D) computer crime.

Question 9

In a military tribunal, there is no right to trial by jury, as guaranteed by the Amendment.

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth

Question 10

When a consumer orders an item online and it is never delivered, this is an example of:

A) white-collar crime.
B) cyber theft.
C) online retail fraud.
D) online auction fraud.

Question 11

The theft of personal information is known as:

A) cyber theft.
B) cyberstalking.
C) cyber fraud.
D) identity theft.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of intellectual property?

A) books
B) films
C) music
D) all of these

Question 13

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act was passed in response to:

A) September 11, 2001.
B) the Oklahoma City Bombing.
C) Pearl Harbor.
D) the anthrax mailings.

Question 14

What is the preferred method of phishing?

A) hacking
B) spam
C) worms
D) viruses

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a white-collar criminal?

A) has legal access to the place where the crime occurs
B) uses physical means to get somewhere he or she should not be
C) is spatially separated from the victim
D) behaves in a manner that is legitimate

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the struggles or exertions (jihad) required of the Muslim faith?

A) the struggle against modernization
B) the struggle against evil in oneself
C) the struggle against nonbelievers
D) the struggle against evil outside of oneself

Question 17

Placing undercover agents in a position to gain information from hostile foreign intelligence services is a form of:

A) electronic surveillance.
B) human-source collection.
C) open-source collection.
D) counterintelligence.

Question 18

Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda group has its origins in:

A) Iraq.
B) Saudi Arabia.
C) Afghanistan.
D) Pakistan.

Question 19

What is also known as "influence peddling" and occurs in the business world when somebody within a company sells influence, power, or information to a person outside the company who can benefit?

A) bribery
B) embezzlement
C) consumer fraud
D) tax evasion

Question 20

Terrorists have evolved into_______ , free of control by or allegiance to any nation, and use violence to further political goals.

A) nonstate actors
B) enemy combatants
C) unlawful combatants
D) al Qaeda

Question 21

Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online profile.
After his first date with Julie, William expressed to Julie that he wants to continue seeing her. Julie told William to call her the next day. William called the next day and left a message for Julie. Julie did not return his phone call. William continued to call Julie several times a day and send her text messages and e-mails. As Julie continues to ignore his calls and messages William becomes angry and starts aggressively harassing her via e-mail and text message. William's behavior is considered to be:

A) cyberstalking.
B) cyberbullying.
C) phishing.
D) piracy.

Question 22

Spam is a computer program that can automatically replicate itself over a network and interfere with the normal use of a computer.

Question 23

Phishing scams have spread to text messaging and social-networking sites.

Question 24

Most cybercrimes are new crimes.

Question 25

Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online profile.
Since James is out of work he is looking for any way to earn money. Besides using Julie to commit crimes against unsuspecting men for profit, James illegally copies online intellectual property such as films, music, and software. James' actions make him guilty of:

A) cyberstalking.
B) cyberbullying.
C) phishing.
D) piracy.

Question 26

White-collar crime is an official category of criminal behavior measured by the federal government in the Uniform Crime Report.

Question 27

Federal officials prosecute white-collar crime using the investigatory powers of several different federal law enforcement agencies.

Question 28

Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online profile.
Julie begins corresponding with Bart. Bart becomes very interested in Julie quickly. He wants to meet her for dinner one evening. Julie tells Bart that she does not feel comfortable with Bart driving to her home. She tells him that she will meet him at the restaurant next Saturday. A few days later Julie sends Bart an e-mail and informs him that her car broke down and she does not have the money to repair it. Bart is eager to meet Julie for their planned dinner so he agrees to send Julie the money to fix her car. The misrepresentation that Julie made about her car to deceive Bart is called a(n):

A) cyberfraud.
B) online retail fraud.
C) identity theft.
D) white-collar crime.

Question 29

Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online profile.
Julie's boyfriend James is a computer genius. He used to work as a programmer for a major computer software company but was terminated when he got into a fight with his supervisor. James is angry that he was terminated. He used his computer to break into the database of his old company to get all the information for all the clients. James's actions make him a(n):

A) botnet.
B) cyberstalker.
C) hacker.
D) pirate.

Question 30

Terrorists have evolved into nonstate actors, free of control by or allegiance to any nation.

Question 31

The computer is the instrument of a crime such as when the computer itself is stolen.

Question 32

Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online profile.
Julie eventually meets a man named William for dinner. After they have dinner, William leaves his credit card and driver's license on the table to pay for the meal. William excuses himself to go to the restroom. While William is gone Julie writes down his full name, driver's license number, and date of birth. She also writes down the number of the credit card and the expiration date. When Julie gets home she and her boyfriend James use William's information
To open up a credit card in his name. This crime is a(n):

A) cyberfraud.
B) online retail fraud.
C) identity theft.
D) white-collar crime.

Question 33

Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs. Bobby's parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle East who appeared to be terrorists.
What law gives law enforcement officers the power to arrest and prosecute Bobby if it is determined that he has provided support to a foreign terrorist organization?

A) Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
B) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
C) Homeland Security Act
D) Patriot Act

Question 34

Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs. Bobby's parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle East who appeared to be terrorists.
What law allows the government to monitor and possibly apprehend Bobby if he is determined to be a suspected terrorist?

A) Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
B) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
C) Homeland Security Act
D) Patriot Act

Question 35

About one third of American households possess at least one firearm.

Question 36

Which of the following occurs in a military tribunal? a panel of military officers acts in place of the judge and jury and decides questions of "both fact and law"

A) all members of the panel or jury must agree to convict the individual
B) the defendant has a right to a trial by a jury
C)
D) the traditional rules of evidence apply

Question 37

Identity theft existed prior to the Internet.

Question 38

Because of federal inaction, it has been left to the individual states to pass stricter gun control measures, if their elected officials choose to do so.

Question 39

Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs. Bobby's parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle East who appeared to be terrorists.
Bobby ends up traveling overseas with another gentleman, Thomas, from his prayer group. They end up meeting with a terrorist group who want Bobby and Thomas to bomb the stadium during the Super Bowl. The leaders of the terrorist organization delineate the entire plan and tell Bobby and Thomas that $10,000 will be transferred into each of their bank accounts. Unknown to Bobby, Thomas is an undercover agent with the FBI who is there to gain information on Bobby and the terrorist organization. This undercover agent is utilizing what type of intelligence strategy?

A) electronic surveillance
B) human-source collection
C) counterintelligence
D) intelligence sharing

Question 40

Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs. Bobby's parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle East who appeared to be terrorists.
Bobby decides to take a return trip to the Middle East. His parents are very opposed. They express their concern to Bobby but he is intent to make the trip despite their objections. They are concerned that Bobby may decide to commit a terrorist act at the airport. What agency should Bobby's parents contact in order to ensure that he does not cause harm while on the plane?

A) FEMA
B) TSA
C) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
D) U.S. Coast Guard

Question 41

Sending an unsolicited e-mail that falsely claims to be from a legitimate organization in an attempt to acquire sensitive information such as a password is known as____________ .

Question 42

The goal for many law enforcement agencies is not to solve crimes after they have occurred, but to prevent them from happening.

Question 43

The application of computer technology to help find and utilize evidence of cyber crimes is called _______-.

Question 44

Physical harm to individuals or the environment that occurs as the result of corporate policies or decision making is
_______________________________.

Question 45

Jihad means holy war.

Question 46

An investigation of a person's history to determine whether that person should be allowed a certain privilege, such as the ability to possess a firearm is called a _________.

Question 47

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) was passed in response to the 1995 truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Question 48

The computer is the_____ of a crime, such as when the computer itself or its software is stolen.

Question 49

______________ is the process of encoding information stored in computers in such a way that only authorized parties have access to it.

Question 50

___________is the criminal action of being involved in an organized effort to engage in illegal business transactions.

Question 51

The Sixth Amendment guarantees only U.S. Citizens the right to due process.

Question 52

Intellectual property such as books, films, music, and software is vulnerable to ______, which is the unauthorized copying and use of the property.

Question 53

The_______ is a critical legal tool used in efforts to combat terrorism, because it permits law enforcement agents to arrest suspects even though no crime, in the traditional sense of the word, has taken place and no evident harm has been caused.

Question 54

The Patriot Act gives intelligence agents more leeway when conducting surveillance.

Question 55

A _______is a network of computers that have been appropriated without the knowledge of their owners and used to spread harmful programs via the Internet.

Question 56

The goal of______ is not prevention or punishment as much as compliance, or the following of regulatory guidelines.

Question 57

is a technique used by a white-collar criminal where a dishonest stockbroker steals funds from a client rather than investing those funds in the stock market as promised.

Question 58

Terrorists have developed more efficient organizations based on the small-business model.

Question 59

___________is fraud committed over the Internet.

Question 60

Counterintelligence involves placing undercover agents in a position to gain information from hostile foreign intelligence services.

Question 61

A________ is a court that is operated by the military rather than the criminal justice system and is presided over by military officers rather than judges.

Question 62

Explain how the Internet has contributed to piracy of intellectual property.

Question 63

Identify the four federal regulatory agencies that deal with white­collar crime.

Question 64

Describe botnets, worms, and viruses.

Question 65

Identify three main techniques used by white-collar criminals to carry out their crimes.

Question 66

Explain how American law enforcement agencies have used "preventive policing" to combat terrorism.

Question 67

How are white-collar crimes different from violent or property crime?

Question 68

Explain how the Patriot Act has made it easier for federal agencies to conduct searches and conduct surveillance during terrorism investigations.

Question 69

Discuss the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA). Why is the AEDPA such an important legal tool against terrorists?

Question 70

With the advent of the Internet, child pornography became much easier to disseminate. Explain the three reasons for this development.

Question 71

Identify and discuss three important trends in international terrorism.