Deck 7: Democracy, Freedom of Speech, and Freedom of the Press

Question 1

____ was created in 2006 by Julian Assange, an Australian journalist, programmer, and Internet activist who considers himself an ethical hacker.

A) Wikipedia
B) WikiLeaks
C) eBay
D) Anonymous

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the middle years of the 20th century, the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Supreme Court regularly made decisions based on the affirmative interpretations of the ____ Amendment.

A) First
B) Second
C) Tenth
D) Eleventh

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In May of 2000, a French court ruled that ____ was in violation of French law because one of its Web sites allowed auctions of Nazi memorabilia.

A) Google
B) Yahoo!
C) AOL
D) Microsoft

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The ____ test consists of three criteria for obscene materials.

A) Jones
B) Smith
C) Miller
D) Turner

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a category into which ONI divided examples of filtering?

A) Politics and power
B) Security concerns
C) Social norms and morals
D) Hardware issues

Question 6

____ is a very simple program that removes copy protection from a DVD.

A) Anonymizer
B) PGP
C) PHP
D) DeCSS

Question 7

Some countries are especially successful at controlling electronic communication; the usual example is ____, where political dissent on the Internet, or anywhere else, is not tolerated.

A) Thailand
B) China
C) Japan
D) Cambodia

Question 8

During World War I, the Miller Act was particularly broad in its notion of what constituted "harm" to the nation.

Question 9

In 2003, a consortium of scholars from a variety of universities formed the ____ as an effort to measure and report on Internet filtering and the control of access to various types of information.

A) NSF
B) ONI
C) W3C
D) NNT

Question 10

Child pornography is universally condemned due to its clear abuse of children.

Question 11

Neutral carriers are prohibited from making decisions on what communication to carry or whose communication to carry.

Question 12

Criticisms of the government, particularly if not true, are known as ____ speech and have often been the grounds for prosecution.

A) treasonous
B) blasphemous
C) seditious
D) dangerous

Question 13

There has been great controversy over blasphemous speech in recent years and it is of great prominence because of the violence that sometimes results.

Question 14

American courts have ruled that the program that removes copy protection from a DVD violates the ____.

A) DMCA
B) NET Act
C) Net Neutrality Act
D) USA PATRIOT Act

Question 15

____ speech can put the existence of the nation at risk, and is sometimes even a capital offense.

A) Violent
B) Blasphemous
C) Hate
D) Treasonous

Question 16

The term ____ obscenity is a legal term used in various jurisdictions, such as the Cincinnati, Ohio Mapplethorpe case.

A) debasing
B) scrupulous
C) ethical
D) pandering

Question 17

____ is the biggest business on the Internet.

A) Pornography
B) Gambling
C) Shopping
D) Auctioneering

Question 18

One of the great social concerns about free speech and a free press is that the "marketplace of ideas" is not necessarily a free market; without appropriate communication ____- that is the media, such as the Internet, newspapers, and television, through which communication travels - neither is possible.

A) doctrine
B) conduits
C) degrees
D) guidelines

Question 19

In the United States, it is generally against the law to make derogatory remarks about a particular race, religion, or culture.

Question 20

____ speech is not protected.

A) Political
B) Dangerous
C) Encyclopedic
D) Derogatory

Question 21

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a view of the First Amendment that holds that the government must sometimes act to ensure free speech or a free press

Question 22

The ____ obligation required cable systems operators to carry, free of charge, the signals of local commercial and noncommercial educational public broadcast television stations located on the same cable channels as their broadcast channels.

A) fairness
B) must-carry
C) public forum
D) common carriage

Question 23

The ____ doctrine obligates private speech conduits, even if privately owned, to facilitate the expression of others.

A) fairness
B) must-carry obligation
C) public forum
D) common carriage

Question 24

Proponents of net ____________________ argue that it is fundamental to maintaining truly open communication on the Internet.

Question 25

The ____________________ test leaves a lot of room for disagreement with regard to serious redeeming social value of potential obscene materials.

Question 26

The ____________________ Act of 1994 involved a complex set of regulations and definitions pertaining to telecommunications services.

Question 27

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a view of the First Amendment that holds that it prevents the government from acting in matters related to speech and press

Question 28

A ____ means a company that functions as a trusted agent of the public for a valuable resource.

A) representative
B) fiduciary
C) panderer
D) common carrier

Question 29

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a principle championed by free-speech advocates on the Web

Question 30

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a felony in Ohio, where the Mapplethorpe trial occurred

Question 31

Adopted by the Federal Communications Commission in 1949, the ____________________ doctrine required broadcast licenses to function as fiduciaries for the public interest.

Question 32

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a company that functions as a trusted agent of the public for a valuable resource

Question 33

Advocates of ____ neutrality argue that the Internet is more central to communication than any previous medium.

A) net
B) fairness
C) carrier
D) ISP

Question 34

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
the disabling of all messages to or from a site

Question 35

The ____ doctrine requires that "the state facilitate and not discriminate against speech by requiring public property be available for 'uninhibited, robust, and wide-open' discussion and debate on matters of public and societal importance."

A) fairness
B) juris civiae
C) public forum
D) common carriage

Question 36

ONI's findings indicate that many countries engage in Internet ____________________ (intercepting and removing messages to prevent them from reaching their destination), and some do so extensively.

Question 37

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
examples include the Internet and television

Question 38

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
the controversy surrounding this has extended to the Internet and to interactive computer games

Question 39

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.communication conduits
f.filtering
b.negative interpretation
g.violent speech
c.affirmative interpretation
h.net neutrality
d.pandering obscenity
i.common carriage
e.fiduciary
a doctrine with a long history going back to English common law

Question 40

____ communications can easily be blocked because such traffic is sent via a specific Internet port.

A) Analog telecommunications
B) VoIP
C) Binary telecommunications
D) ASP

Question 41

What do we mean by the term filtering?

Question 42

Provide an example of unprotected dangerous speech.

Question 43

What is the SLAPS test?

Question 44

What is the state action doctrine?

Question 45

What is net neutrality?

Question 46

What is meant by disgusting and psychologically painful speech?

Question 47

What is the negative interpretation of the First Amendment?

Question 48

What is the affirmative interpretation of the First Amendment?

Question 49

Provide an example that explains what is meant by the concept of prior restraint of speech or of the press.

Question 50

What are the implications of treasonous speech?