Deck 8: Advanced Correlational Strategies

Question 1

What analysis would you use to test possible causal relationships among a set of correlated variables?

A)Structural equations modeling
B)Factor analysis
C)Pearson correlation
D)Linear regression analysis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The correlation between the criterion variable and the set of predictor variables is the

A)coefficient of determination.
B)regression correlation.
C)multiple correlation.
D)partial correlation.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Multiple regression analyses involve more than one

A)criterion variable.
B)regression constant.
C)regression equation.
D)predictor variable.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Multilevel modeling is used when

A)predictor and outcome variables are uncorrelated.
B)the data have a nested structure.
C)predictors are measured at different points in time.
D)researchers are studying groups rather than individuals.

Question 5

A multiple regression analysis in which all predictor variables are entered into the analysis at the same time is called a ________ analysis.

A)stepwise
B)hierarchical
C)partial
D)standard

Question 6

The regression constant in a regression equation is equivalent to the

A)Pearson correlation.
B)multiple correlation.
C)slope of the line.
D)y-intercept.

Question 7

A multiple regression analysis in which predictor variables are entered into the equation in an order specified in advance by the researcher is called a ________ regression analysis.

A)stepwise
B)hierarchical
C)partial
D)standard

Question 8

Structural equations modeling mathematically compares

A)correlations calculated at different times.
B)two or more cross-lagged panel designs.
C)correlations implied by a hypothesized model to calculated correlations.
D)factor solutions.

Question 9

In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the predictor variables enter the equation

A)according to their ability to predict unique variance in the criterion variable.
B)simultaneously.
C)in an order specified by the researcher.
D)in a way that tests changes in the criterion variable over time.

Question 10

Factor analysis is used to

A)examine the effects of factors on group means.
B)analyze data from factorial designs.
C)examine the underlying relationships among a set of variables.
D)test the correlation between two sets of variables.

Question 11

A structural equations analysis that uses several measures of each construct is called

A)path analysis.
B)latent variable modeling.
C)cross-lagged panel analysis.
D)factor analysis.

Question 12

A cross-lagged panel correlation design

A)examines correlations between variables across time.
B)can prove causal relationships among variables.
C)uses several samples of participants.
D)increases the reliability of one's measures.

Question 13

In the regression equation, y = 4.75 - 17.88x, x is the

A)criterion variable.
B)regression constant.
C)regression coefficient.
D)predictor variable.

Question 14

In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, predictor variables enter the regression equation if they

A)correlate with the outcome variable.
B)correlate with one another.
C)predict unique variance in the outcome variable.
D)account for all of the variance.

Question 15

What is the maximum possible value of R²?

A)1)00
B)The coefficient of determination
C)1 minus the regression constant
D)-1.00 or +1.00

Question 16

In a factor matrix, the columns represent

A)variables.
B)factor loadings.
C)factors.
D)correlations.

Question 17

The correlation between a variable and a factor is a

A)factor loading.
B)partial correlation.
C)factor matrix.
D)fit index.

Question 18

In the regression equation, y = .18 + 8.87x, 8.87 is the

A)criterion variable.
B)regression constant.
C)regression coefficient
D)predictor variable.

Question 19

If Variable X causes Variable Y,

A)the correlation between X and Y should not change over time.
B)the correlation between X at Time 1 and Y at Time 2 should be greater than the correlation between Y at Time 1 and X at Time 2.
C)X and Y should be correlated more strongly between Time 1 and Time 2 than they are at Time 2.
D)the correlation between X and Y should approach 1.00 over time.

Question 20

Imagine you obtain the following regression equation: y = 150 - 3x. If a participant scored 10 on the predictor variable, the predicted value of the criterion variable is

A)147.
B)120.
C)153.
D)180.

Question 21

Imagine conducting a multiple regression analysis in which you have four predictor variables. The multiple correlation coefficient from this analysis is .50. Explain what this correlation tells you.

Question 22

When would you use multilevel modeling to analyze data?

Question 23

What are the three primary uses of factor analysis?

Question 24

In factor analysis, a one-factor solution will be obtained when

A)the variables are uncorrelated.
B)each variable correlates highly with some variables, but weakly with other variables.
C)all variables are highly correlated.
D)the factor loadings are small.

Question 25

Explain the rationale behind a cross-lagged panel design.

Question 26

Distinguish among standard, hierarchical, and stepwise multiple regression.

Question 27

In this regression equation, y = 5.00 - .42x, what are x and y?

Question 28

In stepwise multiple regression, a predictor variable may not enter the regression equation even though it correlates highly with the criterion variable. Why?

Question 29

Imagine performing structural equations analysis, and the fit index indicates the model has a good fit. What does this tell you?