Deck 17: Coastal Processes and Landforms

Question 1

____ sediments may be carried to deep water at a stream outlet into a standing body of water.

A)Large
B)Fine-grained
C)Biological
D)Bed-load

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The world ocean covers what percentage of Earth's surface?

A)1%
B)21%
C)51%
D)71%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

As waves travel through shallow water, they ____.

A)speed up
B)undergo an increase in wavelength
C)become higher
D)experience a decrease in steepness

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Spring tide occurs only ____.

A)during new and full moon
B)at both equinoxes
C)once a year
D)in the months of spring

Question 5

Waves begin to feel bottom when the water depth ____.

A)becomes half the distance between wave crests
B)equals twice the wave height
C)is twice the wave steepness
D)is half the wave velocity

Question 6

Energy in a wind wave increases with ____.

A)slower wind speeds
B)increasing wave height
C)decreasing fetch
D)storms of shorter duration

Question 7

Wave refraction occurs ____.

A)when one part of a wave encounters shallow water before other parts
B)only at high tide
C)only on tsunami waves
D)on every coastline in the world

Question 8

A wave base is ____.

A)the level of a wave trough
B)the level of a wave crest
C)one half the wavelength
D)twice the wave period

Question 9

The expanse of open water across which wave-forming wind blows without interruption is called the ____.

A)standing water
B)open ocean
C)fetch
D)swell

Question 10

The most effective form of wave erosion is ____.

A)deflation
B)hydraulic action
C)abrasion
D)corrosion

Question 11

The moon rises ____ minutes later every day at any given spot on Earth.

A)10
B)25
C)35
D)50

Question 12

A wind wave that arrives at the coast on a calm day is best referred to as ____.

A)an erratic
B)an anomaly
C)swell
D)longshore drifting

Question 13

Wave refraction ____.

A)is the suspension of sediment by a breaking wave
B)occurs because of rip currents
C)occurs in the offshore zone
D)causes erosion of headlands and deposition in embayments

Question 14

Most of the waves that impact the coastal zone are caused by ____.

A)hurricanes
B)earthquakes
C)ships
D)wind

Question 15

Lagoons always occur ____.

A)on coastlines of emergence
B)in association with notches
C)in association with barrier islands
D)in association with marine terraces

Question 16

A coastline of emergence would most likely result from ____.

A)rising sea level
B)subsiding land
C)a tsunami
D)tectonic uplift of land in the coastal zone

Question 17

Rising sea level since the Pleistocene has played a major role in the formation of ____.

A)barrier islands
B)barrier beaches
C)longshore bars
D)lagoons

Question 18

Standing bodies of water include ____.

A)lakes and streams
B)lakes and oceans
C)streams and oceans
D)oceans, lakes, and streams

Question 19

Marine terraces are uplifted former ____.

A)beaches
B)sea stacks
C)deltas
D)abrasion platforms

Question 20

Coral reefs are made of ____.

A)volcanic rock
B)gravel-sized marine sediments
C)seaweed
D)limestone skeletons of tiny marine animals

Question 21

The shoreline represents ____.

A)the general region of interaction between land and the ocean or lake
B)the average position of the water line
C)sea level
D)the exact, constantly changing contact between dry land and the standing water body

Question 22

Which of the following are most effective at transporting water and sediment parallel to the coastline?

A)rip currents
B)longshore currents
C)swash
D)backwash

Question 23

Beaches can be made of gravel.

Question 24

All barriers have lagoons.

Question 25

The term littoral pertains to ____.

A)rich
B)dirty
C)coastal
D)deep water

Question 26

A coastal depositional landform attached to the mainland at just one end point is called a ____.

A)notch
B)beach
C)spit
D)barrier island

Question 27

The ultimate result of all wave action on a shore is to simplify and straighten the coastline.

Question 28

Longshore currents are a result of ____.

A)swash and backwash
B)the tides
C)a rise in sea level
D)incomplete wave refraction

Question 29

Estuaries only exist in lakes.

Question 30

A lake is an example of a standing body of water.

Question 31

Wide, ocean-submerged edges of the continents are known as ____.

A)marine terraces
B)lagoons
C)tombolos
D)continental shelves

Question 32

____ coastlines occur where the shoreline crosses areas that are not fully adjusted to coastal processes.

A)Emergent
B)Submergent
C)New
D)Passive

Question 33

The continental slope connects the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.

Question 34

Atolls ____.

A)have a central lagoon
B)have a glaciated mountain peak
C)are associated with a rising volcanic island
D)occur in areas of cold water

Question 35

It is possible for coastal waters to become polluted.

Question 36

The maximum attainable value of wave steepness is ____.

A)1/2
B)1/7
C)1/18
D)wave base

Question 37

The Atlantic coast of the U.S.is an active-margin coastline.

Question 38

Tidal range is smallest during spring tides.

Question 39

All coastal classification systems are based on plate tectonics.

Question 40

Islands that are geologically part of a continent are called ____.

A)atolls
B)continental islands
C)barrier islands
D)oceanic islands

Question 41

____________________ result where two sea caves meet from either side of a headland.

Question 42

The horizontal distance between two wave crests is the ____________________.

Question 43

Explain how a wind wave is formed out in the open ocean, what controls its size, and what changes it undergoes as it approaches a shoreline.

Question 44

The breaker zone and surf zone are contained in the ____________________ zone.

Question 45

After broken wave water rushes up the beach face as far as it will go, it returns toward the water body as ____________________.

Question 46

A concrete obstruction built out into the water from a beach perpendicular to the longshore current is a(n) _______________________.

Question 47

What are the three principal types of waves, and how do their formation processes differ from each other.What do they have in common?

Question 48

Sediment transportation within the coastal zone is called ____________________.

Question 49

Dangerous rapid currents that can pull swimmers out to sea are called ____________________.

Question 50

A(n) ____________________ beach commonly accumulates at the base of a sea cliff.

Question 51

A wave crest may change orientation in map view in a process known as ____________________.

Question 52

A long, continuous recessed zone found along the base of a sea cliff is a(n) ____________________.