Deck 5: Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age Of The Internet

Question 1

When your professor wears a tie to the first day of class and later changes into shorts and a T-shirt for a barbeque with friends,he is engaging in:

A) social positioning
B) civil inattention
C) bracketing
D) social rolling
E) impression management

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of the findings by James Henslin and Mae Biggs in their study of the pelvic exam?

A) The patient collaborates in becoming a temporary nonperson.
B) The nurse acts only in a backstage role assisting the doctor.
C) The way that pelvic exam is conducted reflects the western discomfort with, and sexualization of, the genitals.
D) Different rooms are used at different stages of the medical "drama."
E) The patient, nurse, and doctor cooperate in depersonalizing the pelvic exam.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When sociologists analyze the contexts of social interaction,it is often helpful to look at how people move through:

A) spatial vortexes where institutions overlap
B) gendered and nongendered role arenas
C) dominant and subordinate regions
D) zones of time and space
E) verbal and nonverbal domains

Answer 3

D

Question 4

James Henslin and Mae Biggs explored impression management using the situation of medical pelvic exams.Each part of the pelvic exam was divided into distinct:

A) roles
B) statuses
C) scenes
D) acts
E) regions

Question 5

Charles Darwin believed that basic human emotional expressions:

A) are learned and vary among cultures
B) are innate and the same in all human beings
C) vary widely, depending on geography
D) vary depending on a person's age, height, and weight
E) were irrelevant to scientific study

Question 6

Erving Goffman and other social interactionists brought to sociology all of the following ideas EXCEPT:

A) people are attuned to what others think of them
B) humans possess a self that is fragile and vulnerable to embarrassment at every turn
C) people want to save face because they seek approval and respect
D) humans tend to collaborate with others to make sure that interactions end without embarrassment
E) impression management requires the use of both verbal and nonverbal communication

Question 7

The purpose of response cries according to Erving Goffman,is to:

A) express the person's unconscious motivations
B) show others one's continued competence in daily routines
C) get others to feel sorry for one's failures
D) draw attention to oneself
E) deflect civil inattention

Question 8

If your instructor were to ask if you cleaned up your room before leaving the house,she would be acting outside of:

A) her role
B) her class status
C) her bracket
D) her marker
E) her impression guide

Question 9

As a form of social interaction,the exchange of information and meaning through facial expressions,gestures,and movements of the body is called:

A) ethnomethodology
B) saving face
C) nonverbal communication
D) unfocused interaction
E) the compulsion of proximity

Question 10

A student drops a spoon on the floor as she carries her dish to the kitchen.As the spoon clatters loudly on the tile floor,she exclaims,"Ooooooh,sorry!" This is an example of a:

A) facial expression
B) personal space
C) slip of the tongue
D) response cry
E) simple reflex

Question 11

Paul Ekman and colleagues devised a method for studying nonverbal communication called fACS,or:

A) fairly accurate coding system
B) facial action coding system
C) factual area correlation scheme
D) fancy and creative seeing
E) family and children sharing

Question 12

Nonverbal communication is:

A) the exchange of information through facial expressions and movements of the body
B) a function of controlled alertness
C) a useful form of communication only in front region situations
D) used to determine ascribed status
E) used only during focused interaction

Question 13

Sometimes a person will smile,but an observer notes that the person's eyes look sad.Erving Goffman would say the sad eyes are part of the expression the person:

A) gives
B) gives off
C) manages
D) focuses
E) senses

Question 14

Miguel likes to wear his iPod when riding the bus to school.A girl needs to ask someone on the bus which stop is nearest to the hospital.Research conducted by Christine Miranda suggests that all of the following are true EXCEPT that:

A) the girl is less likely to approach Miguel than someone not using an iPod
B) Miguel will not be approached as much as someone not using an iPod
C) Miguel will go back to listening to his iPod right away after answering her question
D) the girl is likely to see Miguel as just as approachable as riders who are not using iPods
E) Miguel is as likely as anyone else on the bus to answer the girl's question

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Infants have facial expressions similar to those of adults.
B) Even the nuances of a smile-how long it lasts, for example-are the same in every culture.
C) Certain gestures-a thumbs up, for example-mean the same thing everywhere.
D) Basic facial expressions of emotion-a smile when happy, a frown when sad, for example-are different depending on geographical location.
E) There are six basic facial expressions that differ most widely between cultures.

Question 16

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as:

A) social statuses
B) social roles
C) social markers
D) social positioning
E) status roles

Question 17

Another term for social position is:

A) status
B) role
C) marker
D) bracket
E) class

Question 18

Erving Goffman and other theorists who focus on social interaction often use the analogy of:

A) theater and drama
B) football and stadiums
C) swimming and pools
D) basketball and gyms
E) drinking and bars

Question 19

Why do people use impression management?

A) They want to extend their personal space.
B) They are sensitive about how others see them.
C) They want to be good actors.
D) They prefer impression management to unfocused interactions.
E) They want to avoid civil inattention.

Question 20

Consciously or unconsciously,a person may use impression management to influence other people's reactions to them.An example of this is:

A) wearing shower shoes in the public shower
B) wearing a business suit to a community business meeting
C) putting on your shabby old bathrobe to fetch the morning paper
D) going to the store with curlers in your hair
E) wearing a school uniform

Question 21

An "opening" is necessary for the type of focused interaction that Erving Goffman calls a(n):

A) actor opening
B) civil attention
C) impression role
D) encounter
E) dramaturgical initiation

Question 22

Civil inattention appears to be a rather unconscious behavior and has several functions in our social world.Select the reason that sociologists argue it is an important concept to understand and study.

A) If an individual implies to another person that he does not suspect the other's behavior, there is no reason to be hostile toward the other person whose social life is allowed to proceed in an orderly fashion.
B) Allowing sociologists to see how people openly express their emotions toward others gives them vital information in nonverbal communication.
C) Seeing individual unconscious behavior lends sociologists great insight into mob and riot mentality.
D) Determining the function of civil inattention allows sociologists to understand the conforming nature of interaction.
E) Because civil inattention is an unconscious behavior, understanding its patterns of use will help sociologists determine what in instinctual and what is socialization.

Question 23

The scenario in which students sleep in their bedrooms from 2:00 A.M.to 9:00 A.M.,rush to a 9:30 A.M.class at the university,grab a quick lunch at the cafeteria,nap on the grass at about 3:30 P.M.,return to class at 4:00 P.M.,collapse in bed at 6:30 P.M.,study in a library study room from 8:00 P.M.to 10:00 P.M.,and go to a club from 10:15 P.M.to 1:30 A.M.illustrates the sociological concept of:

A) burning bridges
B) regionalization
C) adolescent immaturity
D) undergrad hyperbole
E) constructionism

Question 24

The reading,research,and other preparation that your professor did to get ready for the lecture in your sociology class was done in what Erving Goffman refers to as:

A) breaching
B) master statuses
C) interactional vandalism
D) front regions
E) back regions

Question 25

In studying social interaction,when an "opening" occurs:

A) civil inattention is discarded
B) action moves from back to front regions
C) roles shift to allow for status expansion
D) civil attention replaces regionalization
E) impression management begins

Question 26

Research by Edward T.Hall (1969,1973)has particular significance in our increasingly globalized world when people of many cultures come together for social and business purposes.Unintentional miscommunication can occur based on all of the following EXCEPT:

A) cultural variations in personal space
B) culturally different definition of whom we can touch
C) culturally universal intimacy boundaries
D) culturally different ways of exerting interpersonal boundaries
E) culturally different definition of who is considered close friends and family

Question 27

Which one listed below is NOT a total institution?

A) military boot camp
B) mental institution
C) nursing home
D) college
E) prison

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true about Edward T.Hall's concept of acceptable personal space?

A) There are cultural differences between societies in acceptable personal space.
B) The degree of familiarity you have with a person affects acceptable personal space.
C) Whether the relationship with a person is a formal or an informal one alters acceptable personal space.
D) Middle Easterners usually maintain a larger acceptable personal space than Westerners.
E) Westerners usually maintain a larger acceptable personal space than Middle Easterners.

Question 29

Two people walking on a city sidewalk quickly glance at each other and then look away as they pass.Erving Goffman called this type of interaction:

A) sociological interaction
B) social attention
C) civil inattention
D) uncivil behavior
E) social recognition

Question 30

In a total institution,as detailed in Erving Goffman's ethnographic account of a mental hospital in Washington,D.C.,humans have very limited:

A) privacy and must adapt to the fact that their private spheres are limited
B) exposure to intimate sexual relationships and must explore these relationships publicly
C) interaction with their peers
D) time in public and must learn to create rich private lives
E) interaction with professional doctors and nurses and spend much of their time working with people outside the institution

Question 31

Audience segregation allows people to:

A) simultaneously engage in focused and unfocused interaction
B) reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world
C) "strike the same pose" in different contexts
D) efficiently blur roles and break down boundaries between statuses
E) segregate their roles from their statuses

Question 32

In which of the following situations would both focused and unfocused interactions be LEAST likely to occur?

A) a lunchtime crowd in a university cafeteria
B) a parking lot before a football game
C) an individual studying for an exam in a library
D) the first day of a large lecture for an introductory sociology course
E) an airplane trip to Paris

Question 33

When your professor is delivering a lecture,she usually displays professional behavior: that is,she doesn't scream,yell,or use excessive profanity.Erving Goffman refers to these behaviors as characteristic of:

A) breaching
B) master statuses
C) interactional vandalism
D) front regions
E) back regions

Question 34

Select the one statement that is NOT a reason Erving Goffman offers for studying social interaction in everyday life:

A) Examining our day-to-day routines, with their almost constant interactions with others, allows sociologists to see what we do as form and structure in the social world.
B) Examining social interaction in everyday life allows sociologists to see how humans act creatively to construct reality.
C) Examining social interaction in everyday life allows sociologists to see how relatively unimportant nonverbal communication is in creating social reality.
D) Examining social interaction in everyday life allows us to shed light on larger social systems.
E) Examining our day-to-day routines allows us to learn a lot about ourselves as social beings.

Question 35

Everyday life is an important part of understanding the social world.The pioneering sociologist who developed microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the "seemingly trivial" was:

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Erving Goffman
E) Elijah Anderson

Question 36

Most Americans are aware of the importance of personal space.Edward T.Hall,however,contends that there are actually four zones of personal space.Which zone is most acceptable during an encounter with most of your friends and closer acquaintances?

A) touching distance
B) public distance
C) social distance
D) personal distance
E) intimate distance

Question 37

A status message allows people who are participating in unfocused interaction to:

A) have less control over their unfocused interaction
B) have more control over how they are perceived
C) demonstrate how they perceive others
D) be distanced from how others perceive them
E) control others' unfocused interaction

Question 38

Erving Goffman refers to an instance of focused interaction as:

A) a response cry
B) a slip of the tongue
C) unfocused interaction
D) deviant behavior
E) an encounter

Question 39

In which of the following situation would you NOT be likely to engage in civil inattention?

A) walking across a busy campus during a change of class
B) waiting in the registration line to pay your school fees
C) selecting a seat in a large lecture hall where you do not know your fellow students
D) working on a group project in your sociology class
E) riding the bus to work

Question 40

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an encounter?

A) a brief conversation with a waiter about the weather
B) a class discussion
C) a small group sharing a bottle of wine at a party
D) asking your professor questions during her office hours
E) a group of students displaying civil inattention

Question 41

If a man stares at a woman,his attitude is likely perceived as innocent; if a woman stares at a man,she is likely seen as inviting.This difference in meaning could be:

A) a social gender rule
B) one way in which gender inequality is reinforced
C) one way in which gender equality is reinforced
D) a form of social control
E) a shared understanding

Question 42

A middle-class white woman walks to the other side of the street when she sees a group of young black men approaching her.Her behavior can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) gender inequality
B) racial inequality
C) class inequality
D) compulsion of proximity
E) stereotyping

Question 43

According to Harold Garfinkel and ethnomethodology,people tend to get upset when minor conventions of talk are not followed.His explanation for this reaction is that:

A) people are rule followers and need to have the shared expectations of conversations
B) cultural assumptions cannot shape what is said, and people are angered by attempts to change this
C) talk is so important to people that it can cause the audience to overreact
D) it is angering when someone feigns ignorance and it is difficult to call them on it
E) it is disturbing when people disrupt the stability and undermine the cultural assumptions about what is said and why

Question 44

Interactional vandalism can be defined as a situation in which a:

A) subordinate person breaks the tacit rules of interaction that are valued by the more powerful person
B) powerful person breaks the tacit rules of interaction that denigrate the subordinate
C) subordinate person defaces or destroys property valued by the more powerful person
D) powerful person breaks the tacit rules of interaction and interacts with a subordinate as an equal
E) subordinate person violates the rules of civil inattention with another subordinate person

Question 45

Elijah Anderson's study (1990)of everyday life in two adjacent urban neighborhoods showed that tensions in social interaction are often based on the:

A) deviant personalities of individuals involved
B) stereotypes about the presumed statuses of the individuals involved
C) conversation between those involved
D) assumptions about gendered overlays
E) violations in civil inattention

Question 46

The technique used by Mitch Duneier and Harvey Molotch to compare interactions between street people and passersby in New York City was:

A) survey analysis
B) comparative historical analysis
C) life history
D) conversation analysis
E) semiotics

Question 47

When we look at the micro and macro connections that shape social issues such as the harassment of women on the street,we see that the:

A) solution must be addressed at the individual level by the people involved in the time and space of the incident
B) problem must be accepted as part of the gendered structure of the society
C) solution must address the larger underlying issues, such as gender inequality
D) problem must be analyzed from both the psychological and sociological levels
E) solution must wait until other larger issues in the society, such as the economy, are resolved

Question 48

Communicating through plain,everyday language requires:

A) conscious attention to the rules of formal grammar
B) an array of complex, shared background understandings
C) an intimate knowledge of the personalities involved in the conversation
D) an ability to avoid overstating a problem
E) an explicit exchange of ethnomethodological signals

Question 49

Research by Duneier and Molotch shows that a fundamental requirement for urban civility is:

A) constant subjective conversational analysis
B) personal space realignment
C) negotiating smooth "openings" and "closings"
D) time-space regionalization
E) response cry utilization

Question 50

A sex worker repeatedly tries to initiate conversation with a businessman despite his obvious unwillingness to respond.This is an example of:

A) the facial action coding system
B) ethnomethodology
C) civil inattention
D) response cries
E) interactional vandalism

Question 51

In Carol Brooks Gardner's 1995 study Passing By: Gender and Public Harassment,the treatment of women was linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the larger system of gender inequality
B) male privilege in public spaces
C) women's overt sexualization of self
D) women's physical vulnerability
E) the omnipresent threat of rape

Question 52

Harold Garfinkel conducted experiments in which students were encouraged to pursue the precise meaning of general or casual comments.The intent was to uncover the _______________ that people use to structure and organize everyday conversation.

A) formal grammar
B) deceptive tactics
C) background expectancies
D) facial expressions
E) political motives

Question 53

Harold Garfinkel developed "ethnomethodology," which is the:

A) nonintrusive recognition of others, done more or less unconsciously
B) process by which we act and react to others around us
C) study of folk or lay methods people use to make sense of what others say and do
D) manner of communication that uses only gestures, no words
E) study of ethnic and racial difference in verbal and nonverbal conversational expressions

Question 54

Conversations are critical to the maintenance of stability in everyday social life.Which is NOT true of conversations?

A) Adhering to the tacit conventions of small makes us feel comfortable.
B) We feel confused and unsure when someone doesn't converse according to the social norms.
C) We take cues from one another while we talk.
D) We are most comfortable when one person takes charge of the conversation and interaction.
E) We cooperate in opening and closing the conversation.

Question 55

Interactional vandalism illustrates the connection between micro-level interactions and the larger society because it:

A) removes traditional stigmas in social interaction
B) temporarily gives power to the person initiating the interaction
C) reflects larger race, class, and gender inequalities of power and status in society
D) counters traditional social power relationships
E) alters gendered social power, at least for the duration of the interaction

Question 56

Harold Garfinkel's experiments involved the use of what type of methodology?

A) ethnographic statistics
B) life history analysis
C) conversation analysis
D) secondary analysis
E) ascribed status analysis

Question 57

Because of the micro- and macro-level forces that shape interactional vandalism,the text points out that interactional vandalism becomes part of a self-reinforcing system of:

A) evolving gender and race relationships
B) mutual suspicion and incivility
C) civil action and inaction
D) intersecting front and back regions
E) socially shaped discourse

Question 58

An ethnomethodologist would likely study the:

A) conversations among roommates in a college dormitory
B) connection between American dependence on foreign oil and the war in Iraq
C) voting patterns of urban and rural communities
D) bureaucratic structures in the education system
E) ethnic and racial differences in patterns of communication

Question 59

An ethnomethodologist would study all of the following EXCEPT:

A) conversations in a café
B) casual greetings among students
C) international gender income disparities
D) patterns of talk among New Guinea tribespeople
E) rules of everyday conversation

Question 60

Which of the following is an example of interactional vandalism?

A) Groups attack store owners following a false arrest of a local resident.
B) Police repeatedly hit a driver whose car had a broken taillight.
C) Students vandalize campus or community property following a victorious football game.
D) A student shouts out, "Hey teach', lookin' good today!"
E) A man comments on the appearance of a woman passing by, and she ignores him.

Question 61

Dierdre Boden and Harvey Molotch's (1994)study investigated the idea of co-presence.Carol Brooks Gardner refers to the desire for co-presence as:

A) the compulsion of proximity
B) interactional convergence
C) regionalization
D) impression management
E) focused encounters

Question 62

The use of the Internet,e-mail,chat rooms,and social networking sites,such as MySpace and facebook:

A) has not changed the way sociologists study interaction and everyday life
B) adds a new and different dimension to the study of everyday life
C) allows sociologists to study nonverbal cues in a technological environment
D) allows sociologists to study how we coordinate our behavior over a period of time
E) has had a negative effect on social interaction

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral cue used by people encountering strangers on the street to assess the possibility of threat according to research by Elijah Anderson?

A) whether a person is black or white
B) whether a person is a man or a woman
C) whether a person is a child, a teenager, or an adult
D) whether a person is dressed neatly
E) whether the person speaks correctly

Question 64

Elijah Anderson argues that many whites are not streetwise.Which of the following is NOT evidence of being streetwise according to Anderson?

A) being able to recognize a middle-class black youth
B) being able to recognize a black gang member
C) knowing how many paces to walk behind a suspicious person
D) knowing which blocks avoid
E) knowing not to talk to any strangers

Question 65

The Internet is an exciting tool that facilitates communication between people.A latent advantage to electronic communication is that it:

A) increases direct, rather than indirect, interaction.
B) increases the isolation of individuals.
C) masks a person's membership in a traditionally disadvantaged group.
D) encourages face-to-face interaction.
E) causes people to increase civil inattention

Question 66

One of the ways in which electronic media changes impression management is that:

A) there is no ability to separate front and back regions
B) audience segregation is not possible
C) nonverbal language plays much less, if any, part in many communications
D) people no longer can manage others' reactions
E) the desire for co-presence is eliminated

Question 67

In research by Elijah Anderson,time of day and activity were also important cues because they could help people assess whether a stranger "passed inspection" and was considered to be:

A) known
B) safe
C) powerful
D) friendly
E) unknown

Question 68

One study (Nie et al.,2004)conducted at Stanford University found all of the following EXCEPT that:

A) about 20% of Internet users communicate with people whom they do not know
B) more than 75% of Internet users communicate only with close friends and family
C) Internet use reduces face-to-face socializing
D) Internet use reduces TV watching
E) Internet users sleep less

Question 69

An MSN survey in 2001 reported that for the age group under 25,e-mail was fast replacing face-to-face contact.Which of the following is NOT a finding of the MSN study?

A) 44% of the respondents felt that it was acceptable to send a thank-you note by e-mail
B) 27% had sent an electronic card for a birthday greeting
C) 70% no longer desire face-to-face contact with friends
D) 10% of the women said that they had used e-mail to end a relationship.
E) 48% of young people said that they got their news from facebook

Question 70

The use of the Internet,e-mail,chat rooms,and social networking sites,such as MySpace and facebook:

A) has not changed the way sociologists study interaction and everyday life
B) adds a new and different dimension to the study of everyday life
C) allows sociologists to study nonverbal cues in a technological environment
D) allows sociologists to study how we coordinate our behavior over a period of time
E) has had a negative effect on social interaction

Question 71

A student who sends a photograph of himself drinking with a suggestive message to his boss can be considered to be engaging in an electronic form of:

A) status and role reversal
B) front and back regionalization
C) audience segregation
D) civil inattention
E) interactional vandalism

Question 72

The research by Dierdre Boden and Harvey Molotch (1994)concludes that co-presence fosters intimacy and trust in part because people:

A) can see one another's eyes-the "windows of the soul"
B) can see whether the person matches his or her online persona
C) can avoid interactional vandalism
D) do not need to interact with that person again and so are freer
E) feel liberated by the anonymity of co-presence

Question 73

The requirement on facebook that people must send and have accepted a request to be a "friend" is one way that social media allows the user to employ:

A) status staging
B) civil attention
C) interactional vandalism
D) time-space regionalization
E) audience segregation

Question 74

When a student texts his friends with familiar abbreviations and acronyms but e-mails his professors with carefully written and edited messages e-mails,he is using the media for

A) impression management
B) status reassignment
C) interactional staging
D) temporal regionalization
E) audience resegregation

Question 75

Nonverbal communication is important only when verbal communication is limited.

Question 76

Maria has two e-mail accounts,two cell phone numbers,and two social media accounts.One set of accounts she uses just for communication with her employer and her professors.By doing this,Maria is using the different media accounts to help to demarcate:

A) status stages and role regions
B) front and back regions
C) audience integration
D) civil attention
E) time-space regionalization

Question 77

Some claim that our rapid advances in communication technologies are creating a "devoiced" society,which suggests that there is a decrease in:

A) direct interaction
B) indirection interaction
C) personal isolation
D) communication of all types
E) differences between virtual and actual interaction

Question 78

A researcher's study of the text messages exchanged among a group of friends can be referred to as:

A) primary microanalysis
B) media variability analysis
C) symbolic interactional analysis
D) conversation analysis
E) cultural media analysis

Question 79

In a 1997 study of office workers,researchers Raymond friedman and Steven Currall found all the following EXCEPT that respondents:

A) said that the Internet had replaced their need for face-to-face communication
B) admitted to using e-mail deliberately to avoid direct communication
C) reported that sending abusive e-mails resulted in a breakdown in relations
D) reported misinterpretation and confusion in their electronic communications
E) developed stronger techniques for interpersonal communication as a result of the problems and shifted back to face-to-face communication

Question 80

Helga and Enid talk every day on the phone; send letters,e-mails,and gifts; and often chat online.Lately,they have been planning their next vacation together; despite their daily contact,they still miss each other.This is an example of which concept?

A) focused interaction
B) compulsion of proximity
C) impression management
D) social status
E) social interaction