Deck 10: Violent Crime

Question 1

The common-law definition of rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

West Virginia became the first state to enact legislation requiring consent before a sexual encounter can take place.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In cases of spousal abuse, physical abuse is commonly accompanied by mental abuse and coercion that can have long-term damaging psychological effects.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Date rape was first identified as a serious social problem in the 1980s with the work of Mary Koss.

Question 5

Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent violent offending.

Question 6

According to the text, Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for cash.

Question 7

Female armed robbers tend to select vulnerable male targets who are not likely to resist.

Question 8

The 1994 Violence Against Women Act allows rape victims to sue in civil court on the grounds that the sexual assault violated their civil rights.

Question 9

African Americans comprise 20 percent of all serial murders but their involvement is masked because the media rarely focuses on black multiple murderers.

Question 10

Violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage is referred to as instrumental violence.

Question 11

Rape, unlike many other violent crimes, tends to occur in the colder months, such as December and January. The correlation between weather and rape is often linked to "cabin fever" and even "boredom" among many violent offenders.

Question 12

Rape was once considered a sexual offense, but criminologists now view rape as a violent crime, not a forceful expression of sexuality.

Question 13

Not all workplace violence is triggered by management-induced injustice.

Question 14

Research has shown that a significant number of adults involved in violent episodes may be suffering ​from mental illness; however, the link between mental illness and violent episodes is limited at best with juveniles.

Question 15

Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter refers to a killing committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel that provoked violence.

Question 16

The UCR indicates that about 70 percent of all murders, 40 percent of all robberies, and 20 percent of aggravated assaults involve the use of firearms.

Question 17

Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed.

Question 18

Patterns of assault are quite similar to that for homicide​

Question 19

In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a prior sexual relationship between the parties violates a defendant's right to a fair trial.

Question 20

Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity.

Question 21

In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of ______ that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.

A) immunity laws
B) shield laws
C) protection laws
D) Hurley laws

Question 22

Stalking cases are often dropped by the courts despite the fact that stalkers often have extensive criminal histories and are frequently the subject of protective orders.

Question 23

Frank is a drug user. Frank robs a store to support his heroin habit. This is an example of _______.

A) ​economic compulsive behavior
B) ​pharmacological violence
C) ​systemic violence
D) ​psychopharmacological violence

Question 24

According to the link between substance abuse and violence, if two rival gangs fight over the same turf and one individual ends up dead as a result, this would be labeled systemic violence.

Question 25

Catherine and Gloria regularly crush up prescription pain meds at work and snort them. When they do this they usually become confrontational with coworkers as a result. This is a ______.

A) ​psychopharmacological relationship
B) ​compulsive relationship
C) systemic relationship
D) ​stratified relationship

Question 26

Sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male.

A) Statutory rape
B) Systemic rape
C) Marital rape
D) Sadistic rape

Question 27

First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after _______ and deliberation.

A) premeditation
B) anger
C) purpose
D) malice

Question 28

According to Groth, 40 percent of rapists he studied were ______.

A) sexually victimized as adults
B) sexually victimized as adolescents
C) priests
D) teachers and or coaches

Question 29

Workplace violence is now considered the second leading cause of occupational injury or death.

Question 30

Personal traits can account for violent behavior. Psychologist Dorothy Ottnow Lewis found that murderous youths often suffer signs of ___________.

A) genetic impairments
B) intellectual dysfunction
C) neurological impairments
D) personality disorders

Question 31

Research indicates a variety of facts about murder. Which of the following murder facts is inaccurate?​

A) ​Over 40 percent of murders in which the attacker can be identified involved an intimate partner.
B) ​Murder tends to be an intraracial crime
C) ​Most murders occur among people who are acquainted.
D) ​Females age 65 or older are more likely than males of the same age to be homicide victims

Question 32

Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by instinctual drives. ____ is the death instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism.

A) Hostility
B) Eros
C) Narcissism
D) Thanatos

Question 33

Unlike any other crime, in a rape case it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that no question of ____ exists.

A) consensual influence
B) voluntary manipulation
C) consensual authority
D) voluntary compliance

Question 34

Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt violent methods themselves. Which children are most likely to engage in violent behavior?

A) Children exposed to a single act of gun violence
B) Children exposed to violence in the home
C) Children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high violence rates
D) Children living in areas marked by extreme violence

Question 35

Diana Russel's concept of the virility mystique reflects which causal factor of why men commit rape?

A) Male socialization
B) Psychological abnormality
C) Social learning
D) Evolution

Question 36

The Uniform Crime Report indicates that __________ of all murders and about 40 percent of all robberies involve firearms.

A) 33 percent
B) 70 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 37

A segment of society in which violence has become legitimized by the custom and norms of that group.

A) Subculture of violence
B) Economic compulsive behavior
C) Systemic link
D) Pharmacological violence

Question 38

When Diane Whipple died after being attacked by two large dogs in the hallway of her apartment building, one of the dogs' owners was convicted of manslaughter based on the legal principle of ______.

A) deliberate awareness
B) deliberate premeditation
C) deliberate indifference
D) deliberate malice

Question 39

The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word rapere meaning ______ and is defined as "the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will."

A) to take by right
B) to take by force
C) to take by surprise
D) to take by compulsion

Question 40

About 3 million people are the victim of stalking each year.

Question 41

Workplace violence is the third leading cause of occupational injury or death. Who is the typical offender in incidents of workplace violence?

A) A middle-aged white male facing termination
B) A middle-aged white female facing termination
C) A middle-aged black female facing termination
D) A middle-aged black male facing termination

Question 42

A link between drugs and violence known as a _________________ link occurs when drug dealers turn violent in their competition with rival gangs.

Question 43

_____________ involve the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event.

Question 44

Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) ethnicity
C) religion
D) race

Question 45

Some robbers target people they know, a phenomenon referred to as ______.

A) ​acquaintance robbery
B) ​bias robbery
C) ​neighborhood heist
D) ​relational aggression

Question 46

Suspected causes of rape include male socialization, hyper-masculinity, and __________________ determinism. ​

Question 47

Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for ______.

A) excitement
B) power
C) cash
D) control

Question 48

The life instinct known as ___________________ drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment.

Question 49

Violent assault by a motorist who loses control of his or her emotions while driving is called ______.

A) ​road rage
B) ​road termination
C) ​road neglect
D) ​spree rage

Question 50

Homicide without malice is known as ______.

Question 51

Psychological and emotional abuse that involves the spreading of smears, rumors, and private information in order to harm his or her partner.

A) Relational aggression
B) Recreational aggression
C) Acquaintance aggression
D) Feticide

Question 52

____________________ violence is violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration.

Question 53

_________________ involves people who are in some form of courting relationship while a rape or sexual assault occurs.

Question 54

The murder of a senior citizen is referred to as _______.

Question 55

________________ is known as the death instinct, which impels on toward self-destruction.

Question 56

The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from their need for love, respect, and affection is known as ______.

Question 57

Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so?

A) Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim
B) Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the "target community"
C) Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens
D) Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons

Question 58

Murder of a very young child.

A) Filicide
B) Infanticide
C) Eldercide
D) Pesticide

Question 59

Failing to provide a child with the care and shelter to which he or she is entitled is called ______.

A) ​neglect
B) ​abuse
C) ​rage
D) ​battery

Question 60

__________________ includes the killing of a person after premeditation and deliberation.

Question 61

Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group are known as _________________, and they usually share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.