Deck 13: Government, political Power, and Social Movements

Question 1

Those affected directly and communally make decisions in a:

A) participatory democracy
B) constitutional monarchy
C) liberal democracy
D) one-party communist system
E) two-party system

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Of the types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship,the term that refers to the right to take part in such things as elections and running for office is:

A) social right
B) political right
C) civil right
D) left right
E) right right

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A political apparatus whose authority is backed by a legal system and by the capacity to use military force to implement its policies rules over a given territory is a(n):

A) state
B) government
C) politics
D) power
E) authority

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The notion that a government possesses authority over an area having clear-cut borders within which it has supreme power is called:

A) sovereignty
B) politics
C) power
D) nationalism
E) limited freedom

Question 5

Of the types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship,the rights of individuals in law are:

A) social rights
B) political rights
C) civil rights
D) left rights
E) right rights

Question 6

The government in which a king or queen continues to exercise some governmental authority,if only symbolically,but is limited by a constitution that vests authority in the elected representatives of the citizens is a:

A) participatory democracy
B) constitutional monarchy
C) liberal democracy
D) one-party communistic system
E) two-party system

Question 7

A characteristic of a nation-state is that:

A) a territory that has a government apparatus with sovereign rights within its borders
B) a government that is able to back its sovereignty by control of military power
C) many of its citizens have positive feelings of commitment based on nationalism.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 8

In most countries,the last right to develop,based in large part on the exercise of the other two rights,is:

A) social right
B) political right
C) civil right
D) left right
E) right right

Question 9

The term that refers to the legitimate use of power is:

A) state
B) government
C) politics
D) power
E) authority

Question 10

Of the types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship,the right of every individual to enjoy a certain minimum standard of economic welfare and security is referred to as a:

A) social right
B) political right
C) civil right
D) left right
E) right right

Question 11

The welfare state has recently come under attack because of:

A) the difficulty in raising tax revenues because of the movement of jobs to lower-cost countries
B) the spread of neoliberalism
C) anti-immigrant sentiment
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 12

A characteristic of a traditional state is that:

A) it has poorly defined territories
B) it has a high degree of sovereignty
C) people who live within its borders are citizens
D) its authority is backed by a legal system
E) it has a parliament and a prime minister

Question 13

Basque separatists in Spain and the movement to restore the traditional indigenous Hawaiian Kingdom are examples of:

A) sovereignty
B) local nationalisms
C) nationalism
D) limited freedom
E) social closure

Question 14

The basic meaning of democracy is:

A) free enterprise
B) "the people" rule
C) whoever is in charge rules
D) monarchs rule
E) seniors rule

Question 15

The right to a fair trial is a(n):

A) civil right
B) political right
C) social right
D) economic right
E) medical right

Question 16

When social rights become broadly established and government agencies provide material benefits for those who are unable to support themselves,a _______________ is said to exist.

A) nation-state
B) welfare state
C) state of anarchy
D) social state
E) laissez-faire state

Question 17

The United States is a liberal democracy because:

A) the Democratic Party, as the liberal party, has more members than the Republican Party
B) Americans can choose between two or more political parties in an election
C) liberal social reforms have dominated the U.S. political agenda since President Johnson was in office
D) liberal Americans are more likely to endorse democratic causes whereas conservative Americans are more likely to endorse authoritarian causes
E) All of the above

Question 18

A significant role in the recent democratization of formerly nondemocratic countries was played by:

A) the mass media, such as television and the Internet
B) liberal philosophies
C) sovereignty
D) wealth
E) political leadership

Question 19

The most likely to receive extensive support from Moveon.org is:

A) fund-raising for George W. Bush's presidential library
B) promotion of a school bond issue in rural Wyoming
C) throwing house parties to view a documentary against the Iraq War
D) a fund-raising campaign for the American Cancer Society
E) Habitat for Humanity

Question 20

All political life is about:

A) the state
B) the government
C) sovereignty
D) power
E) authority

Question 21

Of the following,the country that has the lowest percentage of women in the lower legislative house is:

A) Sweden
B) South Africa
C) Cuba
D) the Netherlands
E) the United States

Question 22

In China in 2012,an estimated 538 million people used the Internet.The authoritarian Chinese government has banned the publication of "state secrets" online.Much of the Internet filter is facilitated by companies in:

A) Russia
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) the United States
E) Canada

Question 23

A country with a two-party system is:

A) Sweden
B) the United States
C) Russia
D) China
E) Mexico

Question 24

Actions taken by the Chinese government that affect the use of the Internet include:

A) has forbidden anyone to send information regarding HIV/AIDS
B) has closed thousands of Internet cafés
C) has banned information about democracy
D) prohibits material about Tibet
E) All of the above.

Question 25

One is likely to find a two-party liberal democracy,rather than one in which five,six,or more parties are represented:

A) where elections are based on the principle of "winner takes all"
B) where elections result in proportional representation
C) in a communist society
D) where voting is mandatory
E) where registering to vote is difficult

Question 26

Voter turnout in the United States is among the lowest in the world.Many Americans say that they don't vote because they:

A) cannot read the ballot
B) do not want to pay the poll tax required to vote
C) have not met the candidates
D) believe that voting takes too much effort
E) are ineligible to vote

Question 27

The lowest voter turnout in elections is in:

A) the United States
B) South America
C) Europe
D) Africa
E) Asia

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an interest group?

A) National Organization for Women
B) National Education Association
C) American Medical Association
D) Arizona State University
E) Greenpeace

Question 29

The system that allows diverse interests and points of view to be expressed more directly and provides room for representation of more radical alternatives is:

A) a multiparty system
B) a constitutional monarchy
C) a participatory democracy
D) one-party communism
E) a two-party system

Question 30

The system that is more likely to result in political parties that converge on the "middle ground" and often come to resemble each other so closely that there is little distinctive difference in their key policies is a:

A) multiparty system
B) constitutional monarchy
C) participatory democracy
D) one-party communism
E) two-party system

Question 31

A person who is LEAST likely to vote in a national election is a:

A) professor who has taught at a university for 20 years
B) retired lawyer
C) college student
D) white suburban housewife
E) physician

Question 32

An interest group is:

A) a political party
B) an alliance of banks to establish common fees
C) an organization that attempts to influence elected officials to consider its aims when they decide on legislation
D) the individuals and groups who make their own interests count even when others resist
E) an alliance of governments who work to gain economic power

Question 33

Max Weber and Joseph Schumpeter developed the theory of the nature and limits of modern democracy that is called:

A) pluralism
B) democratic elitism
C) the power elite
D) revolutionary sentimentalism
E) bureaucratic elitism

Question 34

A person who has the best probability of being elected to the U.S.Senate is a(n):

A) environmental activist
B) economist specializing in world politics
C) women's rights activist
D) political science professor
E) wealthy businessman

Question 35

The one of the following that has contributed to the legitimation crisis in liberal democracies is

A) the destruction of communism
B) third-party candidates running for president
C) the increased numbers of non-U.S.-born citizens who are voting for Republican candidates
D) the contradictory demands for more government services and lower taxes
E) the lack of independent armed services for the United Nations

Question 36

Sociologists call an organization of individuals with broadly similar political aims oriented toward achieving legitimate control of government through an electoral process:

A) a liberal democracy
B) a participatory democracy
C) communism
D) a political party
E) a constitutional monarchy

Question 37

A characteristic of the Tea Party is:

A) faith in government
B) support of universal health care
C) support of increased government
D) well-organized social movement
E) strong support by Democrats

Question 38

Government surveillance of the Internet can thwart independent thought and freedom of information.The country whose government scrutinizes Internet activities is:

A) Malaysia
B) China
C) Russia
D) the United States
E) all of the above

Question 39

European countries provide their citizens with more services than the U.S.government provides its citizens because:

A) Europeans are nicer and care more about people
B) Europeans are wealthier than Americans
C) European governments tend to have a parliamentary form of government
D) Europeans pay higher taxes than Americans
E) Europeans have more health problems and need government help

Question 40

An example of a political action committee is the:

A) White House Committee on Equal Rights
B) Congressional Black Caucus
C) National Rifle Association
D) Chicago Board of Education
E) Democratic Party

Question 41

Alain Touraine's concept of "historicity" means that:

A) one must understand the past of urban areas to understand the present
B) there are more social movements in the modern world because individuals and groups know that social activism can be used to achieve social goals and to reshape society
C) social movements are generally furthered by people whose emotions are totally out of control
D) social movements are thought of as responses to situations
E) individuals might feel deprivation when comparing their situation to that of others in their social group

Question 42

The overthrow of an existing political order by means of a mass movement using violence is called:

A) a social movement
B) collective behavior
C) a riot
D) a revolution
E) a coup d'état

Question 43

The one of the following that might be labeled a new social movement rather than a conventional social movement is the:

A) women's suffrage movement
B) gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender movement
C) abolitionist movement
D) prohibition movement
E) antiabortion movement

Question 44

An example of structural conduciveness in Neil Smelser's terms is:

A) to have little or no state regulation of religion
B) for blacks to begin to move into a previously all-white area
C) Jim Crow law
D) a violent protest
E) the emergence of social movement leaders

Question 45

Seen as a unique product of late modern society,_______________ differ significantly in methods,motivations,and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.

A) liberal democracies
B) new social movements
C) old social movements
D) nation-states
E) welfare states

Question 46

According to Charles Tilly,the factor most likely to cause violence at a social protest is the:

A) location
B) type of social protest
C) size of the crowd
D) presence of a dissenting social movement
E) action of the authorities

Question 47

According to James Davies,a sense of _______________ in times of improving living conditions and _______________ leads to protest and revolution.

A) absolute deprivation; falling expectations
B) absolute deprivation; rising expectations
C) relative deprivation; falling expectations
D) relative deprivation; rising expectations
E) relative expectations; rising deprivation

Question 48

Theorists who are influenced by Max Weber and Joseph Schumpeter and argue that interest groups limit the concentration of power in the hands of government officials are:

A) pluralists
B) democratic elitists
C) constitutional monarchists
D) power elitists
E) interested parties' theorists

Question 49

A government that does not have full control over its borders is called:

A) a sovereignty
B) a multiple sovereignty
C) a collective action
D) collective violence
E) nativism

Question 50

A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is a:

A) social movement
B) collective behavior
C) riot
D) revolution
E) coup d'état

Question 51

When listing countries in the order of money spent on the military,the United States spends more than 15 countries combined.The public figure who warned the country to beware of the expanding military and the industries that cater to it was

A) President Bill Clinton
B) Industrialist Ross Perot
C) President Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Senator Ted Kennedy
E) Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger

Question 52

Alain Touraine would most agree that:

A) social movements are irrational responses to social injustices
B) in the modern world, individuals and groups believe that social activism has lost its effectiveness in reshaping society
C) the objectives of the women's movement did not change when it faced opposition
D) social movements almost always become institutionalized
E) mutual negotiation among antagonists may create changes in the social movement itself

Question 53

According to Charles Tilly,the following that is a component of collective action is:

A) organization
B) mobilization
C) common interests
D) opportunity
E) all of the above

Question 54

According to Karl Marx,the primary factor in social change is:

A) free will
B) class struggle
C) a great man
D) hate
E) revolution

Question 55

Max Weber believes that for an effective democracy in modern,large,bureaucratic states,a country must have;

A) a large substratum of bureaucrats who have the expertise to run the government
B) parties that represent different interests and have different outlooks
C) courageous and imaginative political leaders
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 56

An example of structural strain in Neil Smelser's terms is:

A) uncertainties about goals
B) clashes of goals
C) persistent inequalities between ethnic groups
D) any of the above
E) none of the above

Question 57

C.Wright Mills calls the unified group of people in the highest positions of the federal government,the large corporations,and the military who run the United States and exercise tremendous influence in the world:

A) pluralist theorists
B) the democratic elite
C) the constitutional monarchy
D) the power elite
E) the New World Order

Question 58

Theda Skocpol believes that revolutions are _______________ of the more limited aims of different groups.

A) unintended consequences
B) intended outcomes
C) inevitable results
D) all of the above, depending on the situation
E) none of the above; she doesn't believe in revolution

Question 59

The social movement theory that would agree with the statement,"Protest is an end in itself.It helps us establish who we are and what we are about," is the:

A) resource mobilization
B) structural strain
C) fields of action
D) new social movements
E) relative deprivation

Question 60

In Karl Marx's model,the primary source of the contradictions that lead to class struggle and revolution is:

A) change in the forces of production
B) change in the minds of the bourgeoisie
C) change in the minds of the proletariat
D) the political system
E) religion

Question 61

The three social movements of the Mexican Zapatista rebels,the American Militia,and the Japanese Aum Shinrikyo cult have in common:

A) a violent overtone of their message
B) use of the same message
C) reliance on information technology as their organizational infrastructure
D) modern factory industrialism
E) demand to return to traditional social values

Question 62

All modern societies are nation-states.

Question 63

It is impossible to have a nation without a state.

Question 64

Define and give examples of each of the following terms: participatory democracy,constitutional monarchy,and liberal democracy.

Question 65

Power is a factor in almost all social relationships.

Question 66

What is the difference between power and authority? Provide a detailed example of each from your own experience.

Question 67

The best example of a nation without a state is:

A) the Polish American community in Chicago
B) the Italian American community in New York
C) the Chinese community in Toronto
D) the Kurdish community in Iraq
E) the Cuban community in Miami

Question 68

In recent years,participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to governments,which is the ability to:

A) organize big petition drives in major metropolitan centers
B) use photocopiers to print large numbers of leaflets
C) make phone calls to their elected representatives
D) charter buses to transport demonstrators to rallies
E) coordinate international political campaigns by using the Internet and other technology

Question 69

Discuss the three types of rights that develop with the growth of citizenship.Explain how such rights are manifested in your country.

Question 70

"Echo chambers" increase dialogue and debate on political issues.

Question 71

Most colonized areas contained a mosaic of ethnic and other groups.

Question 72

Tibetans in China and the Kurds in Turkey,Syria,Iran,and Iraq have in common:

A) their religion
B) their language
C) their mutual respect for each other and the nation-states that encompass them
D) the refusal of the larger nation-state to recognize them
E) the use of bombing campaigns

Question 73

Modern nations have arisen most effectively in areas that either were never fully colonized or where there was already much cultural unity.

Question 74

Dictatorships are based on authority if their citizens see them as legitimate.

Question 75

Evangelical political activism is an example of:

A) new social movements
B) traditional social movements
C) civil society
D) sovereignty
E) the civil rights movement

Question 76

Nationalism existed before the development of the nation-state.

Question 77

C.Wright Mills argued that the power elite control political power in the United States.

Question 78

The political system in ancient Greece was a liberal democracy.

Question 79

The characteristic that protesters against the World Trade Organization,college students demanding higher wages for dormitory janitors,and Chechen rebels have in common is that:

A) each group is made up of ethnically, racially, and economically diverse members
B) they can trace their roots to the U.S. civil rights movement of the 1960s
C) they have used modern information technology to facilitate their organizing
D) they have successfully met their goals and changed key situations
E) their protests have met with violent responses that led to hundreds of deaths in each group

Question 80

Both of the two U.S.major political parties have experienced a decline in level of membership and voter support since the 1950s.