Deck 15: Families and Intimate Relations

Question 1

According to David Popenoe,social problems such as child poverty,juvenile delinquency,substance abuse,and motherhood of single women are caused by:

A) the decline of the traditional family
B) fathers' lack of emotional support of children
C) mothers who are overprotective of their children
D) the decline of the extended family
E) the decline of breadwinner jobs

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called:

A) kinship
B) family
C) marriage
D) community
E) nation-state

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Emir and Michael live in a large house with their adopted daughter,Lilly; Emir's son,Amid; and Michael's aging aunt,Cecilia.Judith Stacey would describe this family as a(n):

A) nontraditional family
B) extended family
C) blended family
D) postmodern family
E) stepfamily

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Connections between individuals who are blood relatives that are established either through marriage or the lines of descent are known as:

A) kinship
B) family
C) marriage
D) community
E) nation-state

Question 5

A key to the development of a good marriage is a successful transferring from your "family of _______________" to your "family of _______________."

A) parents; spouses
B) patriarchy; matriarchy
C) function; consumption
D) orientation; procreation
E) matriarchy; patriarchy

Question 6

A family of procreation is one:

A) of two married adults and their children by previous marriages
B) to which a person wishes to belong
C) into which a person is born
D) that a person enters as an adult and within which a new generation of children is brought up
E) in which the parents are heterosexual

Question 7

The one of the following in which close relatives other than a married couple and their children live in the same household or in a close and continuous relationship with one another is a family described as:

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) atomic
D) distended
E) polyandrous

Question 8

If it is illegal for a man or a woman to be married to more than one individual at a time,that system that exists is:

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
E) mononucleosis

Question 9

David Popenoe argues that "marriage must be re-established as a strong social institution" by:

A) having employers not consider the family situations of employees when setting policy
B) having employers provide generous parental leave
C) abolishing divorce
D) requiring couples to go through counseling prior to getting married
E) having employers pay married employees more than single employees

Question 10

David Popenoe argues that what mothers teach their children is:

A) the feeling of being connected to others
B) self-discipline
C) homework skill
D) independence
E) regulation of emotions

Question 11

If a married couple lives near or with the parents of the groom,the pattern is called:

A) matrilocal
B) patrilocal
C) neolocal
D) polygamy
E) polyandry

Question 12

David Popenoe argues that of the following,the family arrangement for children that is better than any other is:

A) two parents (a father and a mother)
B) two parents (two fathers or two mothers)
C) an extended family that is involved in the primary socialization of the child
D) a neighborhood with an activity center for children
E) a stay-at-home parent who manages the household

Question 13

Of the following,the one that best characterizes the family in the United States today is:

A) the dominant family structure in the United States has remained constant during the previous fifty years.
B) one headed by a female, single-parent
C) composed of same-sex couples who have either an adopted or a biological child
D) one that has only one parent or both the husband and wife are employed
E) one in which the husband is employed and the wife stays home with the children

Question 14

A married couple living in or very near the home of the bride's parents is in a situation that is:

A) matrilocal
B) patrilocal
C) neolocal
D) polygamous
E) polyandrous

Question 15

Reyna and her husband are starting a family and decide to move closer to her or his own family.Reyna's family lives on the West Coast,but her husband's family lives on the East Coast.If Reyna and her husband decide to move to the West Coast,their decision would be considered a move that is:

A) matrilocal
B) patrilocal
C) polyandrous
D) extending the family
E) rational

Question 16

David Popenoe argues that biological fathers make distinctive and irreplaceable contributions to their children's welfare by:

A) teaching their children to have a feeling of communion
B) showing their sons that it is inappropriate for men to be involved in childrearing.
C) making sure their children do not become sexually promiscuous
D) showing their daughters how to properly do housework
E) providing a strong male role model for sons

Question 17

Two adults living together in a household with their own or adopted children would be called a family that is:

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) atomic
D) distended
E) polyandrous

Question 18

According to the text authors,family that reflects the American family is composed of:

A) an elderly woman living with her cat named "Slippers"
B) college roommates who belong to the same sorority
C) Joseph Washington, a single man
D) Naihua and José Rivera and their two adopted daughters
E) Tyrone Johnson and his neighbor Jamal Wilkenson who comes over to visit nearly every day

Question 19

The term for a group of people directly linked by kin connections,the adult members of which assume responsibility for caring for children is:

A) kinship
B) family
C) marriage
D) community
E) nation-state

Question 20

A family of orientation is a family:

A) formed by two married adults and their children by previous marriages
B) to which a person wishes to belong
C) into which a person is born
D) that one enters as an adult and within which a new generation of children is brought up
E) in which the parents are homosexual

Question 21

feminist scholars who analyze the family often refer to the second shift.Of the following scenarios,the one that best captures the meaning of this phrase is:

A) a female social worker who returns home from work to drive her children to soccer practice, prepares dinner, and completes a load of laundry
B) a male truck driver who works through the night to ensure that his truck arrives at the proper location at the designated time
C) a woman who works two jobs to support her children, unemployed husband, and aging parents
D) a divorced man who works two jobs to pay for child support, alimony, and nursing home fees for his parents
E) men and women who have distinct jobs; men are employed outside the home, and women remain at home, caring for children

Question 22

Of the following,it is true about same-sex marriages that they:

A) are legal in most states in the United States
B) are legal in most countries in the world.
C) have experienced increasing support in the United States and abroad
D) are not legal in any other country besides the United States
E) have decreasing support in the United States

Question 23

feminist sociologists and feminist approaches to the sociology of the family have made important contributions to our understanding of the family.Of the following issues,that one that is embedded within a feminist analysis of the family is the:

A) way that the instrumental and affective roles work together for family stability
B) extent to which personalities are supported and kept healthy in marriages
C) virtue of nuclear families for handling the demands of industrial society
D) way that families meet the basic needs of members of society and perpetuate social order
E) time demand imposed by the emotional labor that is expected from women

Question 24

Betty friedan is an icon in the second women's movement in the United States.In her widely read book The feminine Mystique,she refers to "the problem with no name," which is:

A) the boredom of housewives
B) domestic violence
C) unemployment among minority groups
D) the wage gap between male executives and female secretaries
E) the pressures on males who are sole breadwinners

Question 25

Children in premodern United States and Europe often:

A) worked at an early age or left the family at an early age to do domestic work for others
B) were betrothed at early ages
C) experienced a great deal of permanence and stability
D) lived in fairly large households with extended family
E) were closer to their parents emotionally than today

Question 26

The group of theorists that is likely to agree with the statement "Couples are seeking to be more symmetrical,but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework" is known as:

A) functional
B) postmodern
C) feminist
D) conflict
E) affective individualist

Question 27

The basis of marriage formed through personal selection and based on affection or love is:

A) family arrangement
B) affective individualism
C) nuclear family
D) extended family
E) polygamy

Question 28

The following characteristic that could be found within the traditional American family from colonial times to the 1950s is that:

A) women had extensive leisure time and were free from the pressures of market work
B) fathers were highly involved in childrearing and rarely absent from the home
C) marriages were lengthy
D) rates of alcoholism were low due to prohibition
E) a sexual double standard (promiscuity for men; strict restriction for women) existed

Question 29

According to Talcott Parsons,the family plays an important role in adults' lives by giving them emotional support.Parsons called this:

A) primary socialization
B) the family of procreation
C) personality stabilization
D) the symmetrical family
E) domestic division of labor

Question 30

A marriage system that allows a husband or wife to have more than one spouse is called:

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
E) mononucleosis

Question 31

A factor related to the impermanent nature of the family in premodern times was a:

A) low rate of child mortality
B) low rate of women dying in childbirth
C) low rate of marriage
D) high rate of overall mortality
E) high rate of suicide

Question 32

According to functionalists,the husband in the "conventional family" is the breadwinner and plays the _______________ role; the wife cares for the home and children and plays the _______________ role.

A) major; minor
B) supporting; leading
C) nuclear; extended
D) mechanical; organic
E) instrumental; affective

Question 33

The following that best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the United States is:

A) that family size has shrunk dramatically from the early farming years to the current urban setting
B) the family currently is a well-defined, small nuclear family; in contrast, for the first 200 years of U.S. history, the family was large and extended
C) the inclusion of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other members has become the norm, but was not early in the country's history
D) the relevance of the extended family, has continuously increased since the country's founding.
E) in the first 200 years of U.S. history, homes had servants but do not today.

Question 34

The analyst who sees the family as meeting the social needs for primary socialization and personality stabilization is:

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Betty friedan
C) Ann Oakely
D) Ulrich Beck
E) Annette Lareau

Question 35

The 1996 federal legislation that gave states the power to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages from other states and defined marriage as between one man and one woman is called the:

A) Marriage Matters Act
B) Marriage freedom Act
C) Civil Union Act
D) One Woman One Man Act
E) Defense of Marriage Act

Question 36

The one of the following that is linked to the trend in recent decades toward marrying late along with other variables is:

A) the strictness of divorce laws
B) women's "retreat" from the labor force
C) a decrease in the number of marriageable women because of disinterest in marriage
D) a decrease in the number of marriageable men because of economic deterioration
E) an increase in governmental regulations requiring premarital counseling

Question 37

Of the following,the one that characterizes same-sex couples in the United States is that:

A) most children are adopted
B) they represent about 20% of all households
C) about 20% have children
D) they are much less stable than different-gender couples
E) they prefer "civil unions" to legal marriages

Question 38

If a man is allowed to have more than one wife,the marriage system is called:

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
E) mononucleosis

Question 39

The situation in which a woman may be married to more than one man at a time is called:

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
E) mononucleosis

Question 40

The perspective that has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor,unequal power relationships,and caring activities in the family is called:

A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) feminism
D) instrumentalism
E) fundamentalism

Question 41

Although their studies may not be representative of the population as a whole,Judith Wallerstein and her colleagues found that most children of divorced parents:

A) resented their parents and often had severed relationships with one or both parents by adulthood
B) needed counseling but refused to seek it
C) were better off financially than children whose parents did not divorce
D) were coping reasonably well after 5 years
E) were able to put their parents' divorce behind them and were confident it would not affect their future relationships

Question 42

Compared with other Latinos,the Hispanic group with more wealth in family business ownership,lower levels of fertility,and low levels of nonmarital fertility is composed of:

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Salvadoreños
E) Peruvian Americans

Question 43

The group that has the highest rate of intermarriage is composed of:

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) African Americans
E) white Americans

Question 44

Research shows that _______________ suffer more negative effects from stepfamily life whereas _______________ suffer more negative effects from single-parent family life.

A) boys; girls
B) girls; boys
C) boys; boys also
D) girls; girls also
E) teenagers; adult children.

Question 45

In postdivorce situations:

A) income for both men and women increases
B) income for both men and women decreases
C) income for men increases and for women decreases
D) income for men decreases and for women increases
E) the economic situation of men and women is similar to the situation prior to the divorce.

Question 46

In the age group of 25 to 47,far fewer African American than white women are married and living with a husband.A factor that contributes to this situation is that:

A) African Americans have high marriage rates coupled with high divorce rates, so marriages do not last
B) African Americans have more difficulty with monogamy than whites
C) African Americans do not value marriage
D) inner cities today have conditions of poverty and unemployment
E) a shortage of "marriageable" African American women exists

Question 47

With respect to the changes that are occurring in the family globally,the following statement that is NOT true is that:

A) clans and other kin groups are less influential
B) there is a general trend toward the free choice of a spouse
C) rights of women and children are more widely recognized
D) there are higher levels of sexual freedom
E) changes are occurring at similar rates in both urban and rural areas

Question 48

An advantage that female-headed African American families have over female-headed white families is that:

A) African American women are more likely to receive government assistance
B) the high unemployment rate among African American families has made them stronger
C) female-headed African American families have more extended kinship relationships
D) white women are more likely to kidnap and physically abuse their children
E) single white mothers face reverse discrimination in the labor market and thus have more difficulty getting jobs than single African American mothers

Question 49

Diane Vaughan's 1986 study,Uncoupling,found that one partner is often more dissatisfied with a relationship and begins to explore his or her options,including separation or divorce.She refers to this person as the:

A) malcontent
B) "bad guy"
C) initiator
D) cause of the problem
E) manipulator

Question 50

A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent is a(n):

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) postmodern family
D) single-parent family
E) stepfamily

Question 51

Of the following,a reason that divorce rates have risen over the past few decades is that:

A) generous alimony laws give women economic incentives to divorce
B) people do not have the patience to commit to each other like those in previous generations
C) most people in contemporary society place a low value on marriage
D) people getting married are older and are more set in their ways and have difficulty compromising
E) except for the wealthy, marriage today has less to do with handing down property and status from generation to generation

Question 52

Of the following factors,the one that increases the likelihood that a person will get a divorce at some point in his or her life is:

A) being highly educated
B) having children early in the marriage
C) having high income
D) bearing children outside of marriage
E) not cohabiting prior to marriage

Question 53

The group that has a strong commitment to family interdependence,networks of family and friends that help members financially,and higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites is composed of:

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Native Americans
E) Asian Americans

Question 54

Of those of the same age group,the more likely to get married are:

A) people who have never been married compared with people who have been married and divorced
B) people who have been married and divorced compared with people who have never been married
C) poor people compared with rich people
D) divorced women compared with divorced men
E) African Americans compared with white Americans

Question 55

An accurate description of the pattern(s)of remarriage among divorced people is that:

A) women have a higher probability of remarrying than do men
B) statistically, the divorce rate among second marriages is higher than for first marriages
C) people who have never been married are more likely to marry than divorced men and women
D) the vast majority have no interest in ever marrying again
E) remarriages tend to be less satisfying than first marriages

Question 56

Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas researched low-income women and nonmarital childbirth.They found that:

A) low-income individuals tend to place an exceptionally high value on children
B) poor people have unintended pregnancies because they do not understand how to use contraception and have limited sexual education
C) low-income individuals place a low value on marriage
D) poor people see marriage as a mechanism of government oppression
E) nonmariatal childbearing is actually more common among the middle class but is just not discussed

Question 57

Annette Lareau found significant variation in childrearing practices rooted in:

A) race
B) ethnicity
C) social class
D) gender
E) income

Question 58

According to the class argument,the person whose family would most likely be similar to a typical black doctor's family is a:

A) white doctor
B) black nurse's aide
C) white nurse's aide
D) single white lawyer
E) single black lawyer

Question 59

The one of the following that rose rapidly in the United States from the 1960s to the late 1970s,peaking in 1980 is the:

A) marriage rate
B) divorce rate
C) number of extended families
D) acceptance of same sex marriage
E) childbearing rate

Question 60

The following who are more likely than others to exhibit characteristics of extended kinship are:

A) African American families
B) colonial-period white families
C) Victorian-era white families
D) white families in the 1990s
E) same-sex couples

Question 61

The statement concerning single-parent households that is NOT true is that:

A) the majority of single-parent households are headed by men
B) more than half of widowed mothers are home owners
C) most single-parent households today are a result separation or divorce
D) many single parents still face social disapproval
E) single parents are among the poorest groups in contemporary society

Question 62

Same sex marriage is illegal all around the world.

Question 63

In some places in the world,the extended family is being rejuvenated or taking new forms.

Question 64

There are few differences in extended family relationships between blacks and whites.

Question 65

Children born to unmarried mothers are more likely than those born to married mothers to live in poverty.

Question 66

When couples live together without being married,they are participating in:

A) engagement
B) cohabitation
C) monogamy
D) polyandry
E) polygamy

Question 67

Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin an independent life,in previous generations,young people left home:

A) to avoid domestic violence
B) because their parents evicted them
C) to get married
D) following their parents' divorce
E) when the youngest sibling started college

Question 68

The average age at which a person marries has increased in the last 20 years.

Question 69

The most common type of child abuse is:

A) neglect
B) physical abuse
C) emotional maltreatment
D) sexual abuse
E) abandonment

Question 70

Those more likely to divorce at some point in the life cycle are people:

A) whose parents never divorced
B) with children under the age of 12
C) who marry at an older age
D) with children
E) who cohabit more than once before marriage

Question 71

Most young people see cohabitation as:

A) incest
B) sexual abuse
C) domestic violence
D) a way to spend more time with a partner
E) a civil union

Question 72

Cohabiting couples are increasing in the United States.Of the following people in cohabiting unions,the one most likely to marry is:

A) an African American couple in which the man completed high school but the woman dropped out of school in the ninth grade
B) a childless couple who are both physicians
C) a low-income couple who have two children
D) a white man and woman who dropped out of high school
E) a first-generation Hispanic man and woman who rely on their parents for financial support

Question 73

Monogamy is the most common form of marriage in the world as a whole.

Question 74

In research by Larry Bumpass et al.(1991),a reason that couples gave for cohabiting is NOT:

A) as an alternative to marriage
B) to ensure compatibility before marriage
C) to share expenses
D) to have more independence
E) to have less commitment

Question 75

The predominant form of the family in premodern western Europe was the extended family.

Question 76

The American family of the colonial period was the model of stability with most marriages lasting at least 25 years.

Question 77

A trend that is apparent with respect to cohabitation is that:

A) the vast majority of people who cohabit today are doing so to make sure they are compatible for marriage
B) most cohabitating unions are as stable as marriages
C) cohabitation is a passing fad in American culture and has dramatically declined in recent years
D) few people who cohabit ultimately marry
E) cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is increasing in Nordic countries as well as in the United States.

Question 78

The percentage of children who are abused by their parents (as opposed to being abused by others)is:

A) 50%
B) 30%
C) 80%
D) 60%
E) 100%

Question 79

Chinese Americans have lower levels of nonmarital fertility than non-Hispanic whites.

Question 80

Kinship ties are more prominent for Native Americans who live in cities than on reservations.