Deck 13: Developmental and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Question 1

Many people with autism are preoccupied with inanimate objects and may ignore everything else for hours.This symptom of autistic behavior is known as

A)repetitive behavior.
B)bizarre behavior patterns.
C)abnormal behavior.
D)autistic behavioral pattern.

Answer 1

bizarre behavior patterns.

Question 2

People with generally avoid eye contact, show few facial expressions and bodily gestures, and fail to develop friendships.

A)intellectual disability
B)autism
C)mood disorders
D)developmental delays

Answer 2

autism

Question 3

A low score on an intelligence test a person has intellectual disability.

A)means that
B)does not mean
C)indicates that
D)none of these relate to intelligence and intellectual disability

Answer 3

does not mean

Question 4

Intellectual delay, deficits in adaptive functioning, and onset before age 18 years must occur for a diagnosis of intellectual disability.

A)over half of the time
B)sequentially
C)together
D)separately

Question 5

Some children become "stuck" in a particular area of development.These children may have because only one area but not many areas of functioning are affected.

A)disorders of the limited type
B)learning disorders of the specified type
C)limited developmental disorders
D)developmental and functional disorders

Question 6

To be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must have

A)significantly subaverage intelligence.
B)deficits in impairment present in adaptive functioning.
C)onset of the disorder before age 18.
D)all of the above must be present for an intellectual disability diagnosis.

Question 7

Jack has autism.When his mom wakes him in the morning, she always says, "Good morning, Jackie!" Jack then responds, "Good morning, Jackie!" In fact, he often "plays back" whatever was just said to him rather than actually responding.This communication pattern is known as

A)flat affect.
B)incoherent sentences.
C)pronoun reversal.
D)echolalia.

Question 8

Youths with autism are sometimes aggressive and impulsive and fail to pay close attention to others.Youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have learning problems such as difficulty reading.These examples indicate that developmental and disruptive behavior disorders may be

A)multiply diagnosed.
B)comorbid.
C)selective.
D)more common than previously thought.

Question 9

People with autism do not generally interact with others, preferring instead to be by themselves.This set of symptoms involves severe impairment in

A)social interaction.
B)intermittent intellectual disability.
C)IQ score.
D)autistic interaction.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the key categories of symptoms for diagnosing autism?

A)Qualitative impairment in social interaction
B)Qualitative impairment in communication
C)Qualitative impairment in adaptive skills
D)Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities

Question 11

Children with a delay of normal development in many areas such as intellect and cognition, language, social interactions, and physical growth have a

A)pervasive developmental disorder.
B)limited developmental disorder.
C)comprehensive developmental disorder.
D)generalized developmental disorder.

Question 12

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct and oppositional defiant disorders are examples of

A)disruptive behavior disorders.
B)developmental disorders.
C)hyperactivity disorders.
D)attentional disorders.

Question 13

People with problems understanding the basic aspects of life are often diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder known as

A)schizophrenia.
B)autism.
C)intellectual disability.
D)limited developmental disorder.

Question 14

Sandy repeats everything that she has just heard.She is displaying

A)language repetition.
B)echolalia.
C)language association.
D)language dissociation.

Question 15

Because Robert had delays that were evident in many areas and interfered with his ability to communicate with, and function independently of, others, he was diagnosed with a

A)pervasive developmental disorder.
B)limited developmental disorder.
C)comprehensive developmental disorder.
D)generalized developmental disorder.

Question 16

Grouping people with intellectual disability into categories of intermittent, limited, extensive, and pervasive is based upon

A)IQ scores.
B)how much help they need in daily living.
C)interaction skills.
D)prognosis and diagnosis.

Question 17

Intellectual disability subtype categories include

A)mild, moderate, severe, and profound categories.
B)acquired versus inherited categories.
C)cognitive versus emotional categories.
D)all of these are subtypes of intellectual disability.

Question 18

Disorders involving a delay in normal maturity, especially with respect to intellect, cognition, learning, and methods of self-care, are referred to as

A)disruptive disorders.
B)developmental disorders.
C)delay disorders.
D)maturation of disorders.

Question 19

Children with autism may exhibit a strange speech pattern that includes reversal of , such as "I" for "you."

A)nouns
B)verbs
C)adverbs
D)pronouns

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a key diagnostic aspect for intellectual disability?

A)Onset before age 18 years
B)Features of autism in communication ability
C)Deficits in adaptive functioning
D)Poor cognitive development

Question 21

In examining risk factors for developmental disabilities, genetic influences, chromosomal aberrations, and prenatal/perinatal problems that lead to brain changes are examples of

A)environmental risk factors.
B)psychological risk factors.
C)biological risk factors.
D)psychosocial risk factors.

Question 22

The well-known learning disability label of dyslexia has been pigeonholed into mainly seeing letters in reverse order, but in reality, dyslexia is a broader term that includes any learning disorder of

A)language or thought.
B)reading or math.
C)spelling or spatial understanding.
D)reading or spelling.

Question 23

Intellectual disability is found

A)more in girls than boys.
B)more in boys than girls.
C)equally in girls and boys.
D)there has been no correlation to gender determined.

Question 24

Biological risk research for developmental disorders has identified biological predispositions to be

A)marginal.
B)moderate.
C)very strong.
D)a nonfactor.

Question 25

People with autism that are found to bite or hit themselves, or bang their head against the wall, are exhibiting

A)antisocial behavior.
B)self-stimulating behavior.
C)self-injurious behavior.
D)autistic behavioral pattern.

Question 26

Many people with autism show behaviors such as excessive rocking, hand flapping, or walking on their toes that are called

A)savant skills.
B)repetitive behavior.
C)self-injurious behavior.
D)self-stimulatory behavior.

Question 27

Jimmy has poor school achievement in reading.He is failing his reading class, but this failure is not explained by intellectual disability.Jimmy probably has a

A)developmentally challenged disorder.
B)developmental disintegrative disorder.
C)learning disorder.
D)regressive disorder.

Question 28

Cleo has severe autism.Although he basically looks pretty normal, he is prone to severe tantrums if he encounters an unexpected change in routine.One day, he was unable to get the meal he typically orders at his favorite restaurant because a storm prevented the delivery truck from making its normal run.Cleo had a major meltdown right in the middle of the diner.Onlookers stared at Cleo's parents as if they were to blame for his meltdown.This sort of response from others illustrates

A)stigma associated with disruptive behavior disorders.
B)stigma associated with developmental disorders.
C)self-stigma associated with autism.
D)self-stigma associated with Asperger's disorder.

Question 29

A condition that results when the FMR1 gene of the X chromosome narrows, breaks, or otherwise becomes mutated is

A)PKU.
B)Down syndrome.
C)sickle-cell disease.
D)fragile X syndrome.

Question 30

A previously diagnosed disorder similar to autism in which people do not generally have major deficits in language, cognitive development, adaptive functioning, or curiosity about the environment is

A)Asburger's disorder, now known as Level 2 autism.
B)Asperger's disorder, now known as Level 1 autism.
C)pervasive developmental disorder, Level 3.
D)Rett's disorder.

Question 31

PKU is caused by a genetic mutation.The defective gene must be inherited from both parents before problems occur, so it is referred to as a(n)

A)autogenic disorder.
B)chromosomal abnormality.
C)autosomal recessive disorder.
D)recessive mutation.

Question 32

Intellectual disability occurs in what percent of the population?

A)1%
B)5%
C)8%
D).1%

Question 33

Fragile X syndrome is more serious for males than for females, because females have

A)another X chromosome to compensate.
B)more resiliency overall.
C)less sensitivity to what X chromosome damage can do.
D)more genetic material overall.

Question 34

Mark is hyperactive, often flaps his arms wildly about, and will bang his head against a wall over and over for no apparent reason.He cannot relate to his peers very well and uses very bizarre language.His doctors have excluded him from a diagnosis of autism, because genetic testing revealed that damage to a chromosome can account for his symptoms.Mark probably has

A)fragile X syndrome.
B)PKU.
C)sickle-cell disease.
D)Down syndrome.

Question 35

About % of American children have basic reading problems.

A)5 to 10
B)15 to 20
C)25 to 30
D)2 to 5

Question 36

Asperger's disorder is now known as

A)low functioning autism.
B)moderate functioning autism.
C)autism spectrum disorder at Level 1.
D)autism spectrum disorder at Level 2.

Question 37

Asperger's disorder (now known as autism spectrum disorder at Level 1) presents with severe social impairment and bizarre behaviors like autism, but is not as problematic in the areas of

A)social skills, interpersonal sensitivity, and reactions.
B)language, cognitive development, and adaptive functioning.
C)communication, deliberation, and decision making.
D)rumination, arbitration, and insensitivity.

Question 38

A broad term that includes any learning disorder of reading or spelling is

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)dysgraphia.
D)dysphasia.

Question 39

Autism is prevalent in boys than in girls, and the symptoms of autism seem to be more severe in .

A)more; boys than girls
B)less; boys than girls
C)more; girls than boys
D)less; girls than boys

Question 40

Blake has a hard time with any kind of fine motor coordination.Even though he is 7 years old, he can barely button a shirt, he cannot tie his own shoes, and struggles with an appropriate pencil grasp.Blake has which learning disorder?

A)Dysphasia
B)Dyspraxia
C)Dysnomia
D)Dyslalia

Question 41

Individuals, especially African Americans, who experience damaged red blood cells, slow blood movement, and less oxygenation to the body may be diagnosed with

A)sickle-cell disease.
B)PKU.
C)fragile X syndrome.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 42

A genetic component accounts for about % of the cause of learning disorders, especially reading disorders.

A)54 to 65
B)25 to 50
C)69 to 80
D)75 to 90

Question 43

Brain changes that are due to problems in the closure of the neural tube, proper development of the forebrain, and completion of the corpus callosum are referred to as

A)migraine deficiencies.
B)migration defects.
C)conduction defects.
D)induction defects.

Question 44

During birth, a lack of oxygen is referred to as

A)anorexia.
B)hypoxia.
C)umbilical choking.
D)placenta provera.

Question 45

Tay-Sachs disease, which produces severe motor and sensory disabilities, intellectual disability, and death at age 2 to 4 years, is found especially in

A)European Americans.
B)Hasidic Jews.
C)Ashkenazi Jews.
D)Australian Americans.

Question 46

Gross malformations that are directly involved with brain development problems are called

A)formation defects and migratory defects.
B)initial neural damage and cell defects.
C)neural pathway interruption and cell pruning.
D)induction defects and migration defects.

Question 47

Untreated PKU may create physical problems such as

A)awkward gait and spasms.
B)severe language delay.
C)intellectual disability.
D)all of these may be caused by untreated PKU.

Question 48

Agents, substances, or exposures that can harm a prenatal or perinatal individual's health are collectively referred to as

A)induction defects.
B)teratogens.
C)aberrations.
D)adverse anomalies.

Question 49

Problems in cell growth and distribution in the second to fifth month of pregnancy, which can lead to underdeveloped brain areas, are called

A)migration deficiencies.
B)migration defects.
C)conduction defects.
D)induction defects.

Question 50

The developmental disorder of Down syndrome is predominantly caused by

A)a missing #21 chromosome.
B)an extra #21 chromosome.
C)genetic splicing and chromosome damage.
D)spiral helix ladder random recombination.

Question 51

Children who have a small head size, facial and heart defects, lower intelligence, problems in learning, memory, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and communication and social skills may have been prenatally exposed to

A)caffeine.
B)lead.
C)alcohol.
D)nicotine.

Question 52

Individuals with autism tend to have a smaller corpus callosum and fewer cells, which relate to behavioral inhibition.

A)Purkinje
B)Purkish
C)Pringle
D)Promissory

Question 53

Diseases such as meningitis may result in

A)antisocial development.
B)psychosocial damage.
C)socialization problems.
D)neurological damage.

Question 54

Most people with Down syndrome have chromosomes in their cells.

A)45
B)46
C)47
D)23

Question 55

Concordance rates of autism are % in identical twins but % in fraternal twins.

A)0 to 10; 60 to 92
B)30 to 50; 12 to 19
C)60 to 92; 0 to 10
D)70 to 90; 10 to 15

Question 56

Family variables such as poor language stimulation, neglect of a child's educational needs, or inconsistent parenting that lead to mild forms of intellectual disability are sometimes referred to as

A)acquired intellectual disability.
B)family disability.
C)psychosocial mental retardation.
D)cultural-familial intellectual disability.

Question 57

What percentage of Down syndrome cases are due to an extra number 21 chromosome?

A)Very few (less than 1%)
B)Few (10-15%)
C)A moderate amount (35-55%)
D)Almost all (95% or more)

Question 58

About how many children are severely shaken each year that may lead to death or permanent brain damage?

A)1,000 to 3,000
B)1,200 to 1,400
C)2,000 to 4,000
D)2,400 to 4,200

Question 59

Andi's parents are very poor, and neither has particularly high intelligence.School is not very important to them, and they do not ever bother to read to Andi.Their parenting styles are quite inconsistent, and Andi really never knows when she can count on them.Andi has recently been diagnosed with intellectual disability, and her home environment is seen as a likely culprit behind her deficits.Andi has

A)cultural-familial intellectual disability.
B)sociocultural deficit intellectual disability.
C)nurture-based neglect intellectual disability.
D)experiential deficit disability.

Question 60

Enlargement of the overall brain, especially with respect to the mid-sagittal area, ventricles, limbic system, amygdala, and occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes, is associated with

A)mood disorders.
B)schizophrenia.
C)autism.
D)Down syndrome.

Question 61

Key to reducing instances of developmental disorder due to head and brain injury is

A)restriction of play.
B)prevention of accidents and falls.
C)regimen of vitamin supplements.
D)none of these would reduce developmental disorder due to head in brain injury.

Question 62

Basic socialization training consists of

A)repetition learning.
B)social skills learning.
C)imitation and observational learning.
D)classical conditioning.

Question 63

Effective psychological treatments for people with developmental disorders are mainly focused on the perspective.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive restructuring
C)humanistic
D)learning

Question 64

Beth is a speech-language pathologist who works with children with autism.She does most of her work with families in their home.As she visits, she watches carefully to gauge how often a client engages in self-injurious behavior, self-stimulatory behavior, and tantrums while she is present in the home.Beth is using which assessment method?

A)Behavioral observation
B)Self-report
C)Behavioral performance scales
D)Interviews

Question 65

Which of the following would be on the performance scale of an intelligence test?

A)Knowledge of general information
B)Vocabulary
C)Making comparisons
D)Sequencing items

Question 66

Children are assessed on their reading, spelling, and arithmetic tasks to determine their grade level using this test.

A)Wide Range Achievement Test 4
B)Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition
C)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
D)Wechsler Abbreviated Scale for Intelligence

Question 67

The Adaptive Behavior Scale-Residential and Community, Second Edition and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale are useful to assist people with

A)mood disorders.
B)developmental disorders.
C)schizophrenia.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Question 68

For people with limited developmental disorders, such as learning disorders, used to measure inattention, motivation, out-of-seat behavior, and actual schoolwork behaviors such as on-task and test-taking behavior as well as organization and study skills.

A)rating scales are
B)direct observation is
C)achievement tests are
D)interviews are

Question 69

A common interview instrument used to shed light on a person's ability to function independently and adaptively is the

A)Diagnostic Interview Scale.
B)Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition.
C)WAIS.
D)WISC.

Question 70

People with developmental disorders often experience severe cognitive and intellectual deficits, so basic assessment strategies are to use tests that assess for

A)IQ.
B)academic standing.
C)overall intellectual and problem-solving functioning.
D)developmental delays.

Question 71

Accident prevention has become paramount in pediatric psychology for the prevention of developmental disorders. These efforts focus mainly on the prevention of

A)spinal injury.
B)broken bones.
C)brain injury.
D)cerebrospinal infraction.

Question 72

Peer-mediated interventions engage non-delayed children to help with teaching various interpersonal or social skills to children with developmental disorders.This method is part of

A)intrapersonal training.
B)socialization training.
C)sensitivity-contact training.
D)peer identification training.

Question 73

In people with autism, has been used to lower serotonin levels to treat dangerous motor behaviors, with limited success.

A)fenfluramine
B)Paxil
C)SSRIs
D)Zoloft

Question 74

Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are used for genetic testing.

A)parental
B)prenatal
C)perinatal
D)postnatal

Question 75

Your close friend has recently found out that she is pregnant.What can she do to reduce the risk of developmental disability in her child?

A)Limit caffeine intake
B)Seek out moderate to high stress levels
C)Exercise vigorously
D)All of these would prevent developmental disability in a fetus

Question 76

If brain damage is suspected in a person with a developmental disorder, testing may be used.

A)psychological
B)psycho-biological
C)neuropsychological
D)intelligence

Question 77

Many intelligence tests are , which means that test scores are compared to those from thousands of people who previously took the test.

A)normalized
B)referenced
C)norm-referenced
D)standardized-referenced

Question 78

Psychological treatments for people with developmental disorders often target

A)individual areas of functioning.
B)specific areas of psychological functioning.
C)intra-personal socialization skills.
D)interpersonal relationships.

Question 79

Intelligence tests are highly useful for gathering information about cognitive ability and potential for future scholastic achievement, but they are not a measure of

A)how "smart" one is.
B)perspective.
C)intellectual competence.
D)aptitude.

Question 80

Gene therapy has been tested in

A)mice.
B)humans.
C)mice and humans.
D)neither mice nor humans.