Deck 9: Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

A person who comes home after a long week at work, drinks two or three margaritas, and falls asleep a mental disorder.

A)does have
B)does not have
C)probably has
D)is lying about having

Answer 1

does not have

Question 2

Substance use can be described along a continuum in these areas:

A)emotions, cognition, and behaviors.
B)internal and external awareness.
C)amount, frequency, and episodes.
D)the user's recognition and assessment.

Answer 2

emotions, cognition, and behaviors.

Question 3

The lethal dose, or LD, of a substance is an attempt to

A)discourage users with scary labels.
B)identify individual differences.
C)provide actual evidence from accidents.
D)correlate blood levels with death.

Answer 3

correlate blood levels with death.

Question 4

The best known and most widely used depressant drug is

A)morphine.
B)LSD.
C)methamphetamine.
D)alcohol.

Question 5

Repeated use of substances to the point that recurring problems are evident defines

A)tolerance.
B)substance use.
C)substance use disorder.
D)substance intoxication.

Question 6

In most states, the legal cutoff for DUI is a blood alcohol level of

A).08.
B).10.
C).80.
D).01.

Question 7

A person who has used an excessive amount of alcohol may experience changes in behavior such as becoming aggressive, making inappropriate sexual advances, and showing poor judgment and rapid shifts in mood, all of which make it more difficult to function effectively.These behavioral changes are said to be

A)maladaptive.
B)malformed.
C)impaired.
D)substance use disorder.

Question 8

When a long-time, heavy drinker quits drinking suddenly and completely, that person is likely to experience

A)hallucinogenic rebound.
B)extreme dehydration.
C)delirium tremens.
D)immediate relapse and binge drinking.

Question 9

Some people may be intoxicated for short periods; others go on and remain intoxicated for lengthy periods.

A)withdrawals
B)travels
C)binges
D)blackouts

Question 10

Jack's substance use had become so severe that many areas of his life were greatly impaired.His extensive and varied drug use has caused academic failure, financial ruin, and legal troubles.A person such as Jack may have

A)a substance-related disorder.
B)substance dependence.
C)substance overload.
D)intoxication.

Question 11

Janine would really like to quit smoking but simply cannot fight the cravings.Which aspect of substance use disorder does Janine struggle with?

A)Social impairment
B)Impaired control
C)Risky use
D)Tolerance

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of substance use?

A)Ellie is tired and turns on white noise to help her sleep.
B)Karen smokes cigarettes to relax.
C)Molly takes Versed before surgery to calm down.
D)Allen has a few beers so he will feel more comfortable interacting at a party.

Question 13

The need to ingest greater and greater quantities of the drug to achieve the same effect defines

A)tolerance.
B)abuse.
C)synergistic effects.
D)intoxication.

Question 14

Maladaptive changes that occur when a person stops using a drug are the defining criteria of

A)tolerance.
B)withdrawal.
C)intoxication.
D)abuse.

Question 15

Consider the case of Elon in Chapter 9 of your text.As Elon continued to drink and use illicit drugs, his ability to perform sexually was

A)improved.
B)unaffected.
C)impaired.
D)stellar.

Question 16

Drugs such as alcohol that inhibit aspects of the central nervous system are

A)disinhibitionistic.
B)depressants.
C)stimulants.
D)intoxicants.

Question 17

Charmane started smoking when she started college.At first, she found that one cigarette could give her a burst of energy that would keep her going all evening on her homework.But by winter break, Charmane finds that she needs three cigarettes to get that same burst of energy to keep going.Charmane is experiencing

A)impaired control.
B)intoxication.
C)withdrawal.
D)tolerance.

Question 18

Severe confusion and autonomic overactivity in the form of the sweating, heart palpitations, and trembling that occurs during alcohol withdrawal is

A)delirious tremens.
B)delirium tremens.
C)delirious tolerance.
D)delirium tolerance.

Question 19

Drug-seeking behavior sometimes relates to dependence on a drug, meaning a person believes he or she needs that drug to function effectively.

A)physical
B)physiological
C)psychobiological
D)psychological

Question 20

When alcohol inhibits a key inhibitory brain system, the process is known as

A)inhibition.
B)disinhibition.
C)dependency.
D)withdrawal.

Question 21

As a person drinks more alcohol past the disinhibition stage, he/she becomes more intoxicated as areas of the brain become depressed or inhibited.These areas include the reticular activating system, the limbic system, and the cortex.

A)inhibitory
B)excitatory
C)intoxicatory
D)tolerance

Question 22

A cognitive disorder that involves confusion, memory loss, and problems with coordination because of thiamine deficiency from extended alcohol use is

A)cirrhosis of the liver.
B)fetal alcohol syndrome.
C)Korsakoff's syndrome.
D)pancreatitis.

Question 23

Cocaine, when compared to amphetamines,

A)increases the same three neurotransmitters.
B)increases serotonin as well as dopamine and norepinephrine.
C)more strongly increases CNS activity.
D)less strongly increases CNS activity.

Question 24

Used medicinally for pain, are a category of drugs that are extremely addictive.

A)depressants
B)opiates
C)hallucinogens
D)laxatives

Question 25

A derivative of morphine that is typically injected is

A)hash.
B)cannabis.
C)heroin.
D)LSD.

Question 26

The stimulant that is best known for the force and violence that users inflict on others is

A)cocaine.
B)nicotine.
C)caffeine.
D)methamphetamine.

Question 27

Opiates are drugs commonly used to relieve pain or cough, such as morphine or codeine, and are sometimes called

A)narcotics.
B)stimulants.
C)anxiolytics.
D)psychotics.

Question 28

Drinking alcohol past the disinhibition stage will result in

A)reactivation of awareness.
B)a total loss of consciousness.
C)excitatory brain areas to become inhibited.
D)a unique sort of experience similar to hallucinations.

Question 29

THC is found in

A)coffee beans.
B)alcoholic beverages.
C)Cannabis sativa.
D)methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

Question 30

Cocaine and amphetamines are powerful drugs that

A)cause serious addictive problems for users.
B)are often casually used with no problem.
C)have several safe levels but often lead to heroin usage.
D)ultimately speed up and slow down the CNS.

Question 31

Obvious incapacitation caused by alcohol consumption leads to

A)immediate liver and kidney problems.
B)saying the wrong thing most times.
C)many traffic and other accidents.
D)increased innovation and lack of communication.

Question 32

Increased sexual desire with poor performance, memory impairments, and the erroneous belief that problem-solving ability is adequate are common effects of

A)caffeine.
B)alcohol.
C)withdrawal.
D)synergism.

Question 33

Many college students ingest large amounts of alcohol in a short period resulting in death or numerous problems. This is

A)disinhibition.
B)indoctrination.
C)overtolerance.
D)binge drinking.

Question 34

Bill mixes alcohol with other drugs, which lowers the dose necessary for death.This is because mixing different drugs causes a(n) effect.

A)subtractive
B)additive
C)synergistic
D)canceling

Question 35

Bradford has just been diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver.What does this mean?

A)His liver has shrunken.
B)His liver has swollen.
C)Scar tissue has replaced liver tissue.
D)His liver tissue has become covered with cysts.

Question 36

Korsakoff's syndrome is a disorder marked by confusion and memory loss and is tied to excessive use of which of the following?

A)Cannabis
B)LSD
C)Alcohol
D)Amphetamines

Question 37

Andy has taken a drug that has produced powerful distortions in his perceptions.He has reported tasting certain colors and smelling certain sounds.Andy has likely taken a(n)

A)hallucinogen.
B)stimulate.
C)narcotic.
D)date rape drug.

Question 38

The increase in sexual desire from alcohol use is accompanied by

A)decreased sexual performance.
B)increased sexual performance.
C)a loss of the refractory period.
D)total and complete dysfunction.

Question 39

When combining alcohol use with other drugs,

A)the effect is multiplicative, not additive.
B)alcohol nullifies the other drugs.
C)the other drugs nullify the alcohol.
D)alcohol reduces overall effects.

Question 40

Sarah has not seen her uncle in three years.She is shocked when she finally does see him at a Thanksgiving dinner she is hosting because he is so changed.He has lost a lot of teeth and looks about 20 years older.He seems anxious and depressed, even paranoid.She is further upset when she realizes he has stolen a large amount of cash from her dresser.Sarah suspects he has a substance use disorder.Use of what substance would most likely cause all of what Sarah has observed?

A)Methamphetamine
B)Cocaine
C)Ecstasy
D)Marijuana

Question 41

Which brain feature, according to the textbook, is most closely involved in the priming, drug cues, craving, and stress that all contribute to substance-related disorders?

A)Mesolimbic system
B)Occipital lobe
C)Hippocampus
D)Stria

Question 42

Stimuli associated with drug use, such as friends, favorite hangouts, and other things that stimulate further drug use, are called

A)good reminders.
B)drug paraphernalia.
C)drug cues.
D)drug cravings.

Question 43

A genetic cause has been significantly implicated in the areas of

A)marijuana use and stimulants.
B)alcohol and nicotine.
C)morphine and barbiturates.
D)alcoholism and opiate addiction.

Question 44

Prescription medications tend to be the drugs of choice with increased age, with tending to be the illegal drugs of choice for teenagers.

A)inhalants and marijuana
B)alcohol and marijuana
C)prescription drugs and marijuana
D)prescription drugs and alcohol

Question 45

When a single drug dose, such as a drink of alcohol or a snorted line of cocaine, leads to an uncontrollable binge, this situation is referred to as

A)drug cues.
B)priming.
C)cravings.
D)mesolimbic.

Question 46

When people have a glass of wine to relax, smoke a cigarette to unwind, or snort a line of cocaine to enhance mood, it clearly indicates how can trigger substance use.

A)alcohol
B)stress
C)nicotine
D)caffeine

Question 47

Jed was in a residential treatment program for substance-related disorders that was one of the few programs that also addresses stigma among this population.What would likely be the program's focus for reducing stigma?

A)Educating family members about substance-related disorders, promoting understanding of the afflicted person, and identifying shared hopes
B)Accepting difficult feelings, connecting with others, emphasizing process over content in negative thinking, and exploring goals and values in life
C)Understanding the impact of substance use on others, seeking forgiveness, doing penance, and making up for past wrongs
D)All of these would be included in a program for reducing stigma among people with substance-related disorders

Question 48

In the last 12 months, the illegal drugs most commonly tried for the first time include

A)prescription medications and marijuana.
B)prescription medications and alcohol.
C)alcohol and marijuana.
D)alcohol and barbiturates.

Question 49

Researchers indicate the heritability rates for alcoholism at %.

A)21 to 28
B)52 to 57
C)75 to 91
D)10 to 15

Question 50

The highest 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of the major substance-related disorders are associated with

A)cocaine use.
B)heroin use.
C)marijuana use.
D)alcohol use.

Question 51

Martin has excessively used alcohol for many years.His brain size is likely to be

A)smaller in the medulla, but larger in the frontal lobe.
B)unaffected by his alcohol consumption.
C)larger than normal.
D)smaller than normal.

Question 52

When drugs are modified for specific purposes, they are designated as

A)date rape rooms.
B)synthetic derivatives.
C)designer or club drugs.
D)partial potency drugs.

Question 53

Dopamine release acts as a powerful

A)punisher.
B)reward.
C)stimulator.
D)depressant.

Question 54

Genetics may affect a person's sensitivity to alcohol.Genetics influence , and this can predict alcoholism in offspring of people with alcoholism.

A)metabolism
B)a high level of response to alcohol
C)a low level of response to alcohol
D)a moderate level of response to alcohol

Question 55

Statistically, % of Americans age 12 and older currently use alcohol.

A)28.4
B)50.3
C)39.5
D)25.5

Question 56

Substance-related disorders are comorbid with other mental disorders, especially

A)anxiety disorders.
B)somatic symptom disorders.
C)schizophrenia.
D)all of these are comorbid with substance-related disorders.

Question 57

The primary brain area associated with substance abuse disorders is the

A)frontal cortex.
B)hypothalamus.
C)mesolimbic pathway.
D)anterior and posterior pleasure center.

Question 58

Areta has just experienced a date rape.Which drug would her rapist have been most likely to use?

A)Ecstasy
B)PCP
C)MDMA
D)Ketamine

Question 59

A D2 receptor dysfunction with resulting inability to enjoy everyday rewards is

A)negative reinforcement syndrome.
B)reward deficiency syndrome.
C)low affect syndrome.
D)crave/satisfaction disproportion.

Question 60

A critical environmental factor with the ability to trigger onset in relapse of substance-related disorders is

A)low level of stimulation.
B)stress.
C)humiliation.
D)frustration.

Question 61

One common misperception among people with substance-related disorders is increased about effects of various substances and minimization of negative effects.

A)negative expectations
B)positive punishments
C)positive expectancies
D)negative punishments

Question 62

Which statement about children of parents with substance-related disorders is true?

A)These children are less likely to develop a substance-related disorder.
B)These children are more likely to develop alcoholism, but less likely to become smokers.
C)These children are more likely to become smokers, but less likely to develop alcoholism.
D)These children are more likely to develop a substance-related disorder.

Question 63

Elise is responding to a survey asking about her parents' attitudes towards substance use.She says that her parents strongly disapprove of it.Elise is probably

A)not affected by her mothers' attitude, but very affected by her fathers' attitude, toward substance use.
B)not affected by her parents' attitudes toward substance use as she makes her own decisions about substance use.
C)more likely to use a substance in the coming month because of her parents' disapproval of substance use.
D)less likely to use a substance in the coming month because of her parents' disapproval of substance use.

Question 64

Drug use can serve as a powerful , in that stress, pressure, depression, and withdrawal symptoms recede.

A)punisher
B)negative reinforcer
C)positive reinforce
D)conditioner

Question 65

The two main personality factors that seem to relate to substance abuse disorders are

A)impulsivity and psychopathy.
B)antisocial and histrionic.
C)dependent and aggressive.
D)paranoid and impulsive.

Question 66

Activation of the certain brain substances related to stress, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone and cortisol, that help us cope but also increase dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway result in

A)stress-induced relapse.
B)stress-relapse.
C)stress-prolapse.
D)stress-lapses.

Question 67

People with alcoholism often have periods of heavy drinking in which they remember nothing referred to as

A)brownouts.
B)blackouts.
C)grayouts.
D)whiteouts.

Question 68

Erroneous beliefs one has about oneself and the surrounding world that can lead to maladjustment are

A)cognitive distortions.
B)cognitive illuminations.
C)self-esteem awareness.
D)self-efficacy.

Question 69

One common cognitive factor involved in alcohol use is that

A)users believe they will be forgiven.
B)it is legal and cool to drink.
C)users believe it will enhance their social functioning.
D)users believe it makes the world a better place.

Question 70

Increased glutamate from stress may produce a state of sadness from dopamine depletion to trigger cravings for increased dopamine by using drugs, thereby enhancing

A)drug relapse.
B)drug effects.
C)drug tolerance.
D)drug withdrawal.

Question 71

Risk-taking, lack of planning, chaotic lifestyle, desire for immediate gratification, and explosiveness are defining characteristics of

A)impulsivity.
B)compulsivity.
C)repulsivity.
D)antisocial personality.

Question 72

Pam's son is a college student and an alcoholic.He still lives at home, and she often cleans up messes that occur when he is binge drinking.Even though she wishes desperately he was not an alcoholic, she still feels like she somehow contributes to it.She tries to help him complete his assignments in school, even though they are really his responsibility, because she doesn't want to see him fail.What family factor discussed in your text is at work in this situation?

A)Impulsivity
B)Family members also have substance use disorders
C)Codependency
D)Parent psychopathology

Question 73

Various inappropriate family factors provide some correlational insight into causes of substance-related disorders. One problem with this type of evidence, though, is that family factors are confounded by

A)comorbid anxiety.
B)genetic predisposition.
C)peer group pressure.
D)remarriage and half siblings.

Question 74

Modeling substance use may be especially pertinent to which of the following groups?

A)Children
B)Adolescents
C)Middle age adults
D)Senior citizens

Question 75

Research on heroin addiction in Vietnam-based soldiers in the 1960s and 1970s generally revealed the importance of as a risk factor for substance-related disorders.

A)cognitive distortions
B)learning
C)genetics
D)neurochemical change

Question 76

People do not generally pick up a crack pipe or inject heroin themselves, but usually learn the behavior by

A)modeling.
B)classical conditioning.
C)operant conditioning.
D)none of these are ways to learn substance-related behaviors.

Question 77

Drug use can be quite rewarding, and therefore is maintained by

A)classical conditioning.
B)observational learning.
C)vicarious learning.
D)operant conditioning.

Question 78

Statistics indicate that % of college campus rapes occur when victims are too intoxicated to consent to or refuse sex.

A)50
B)72
C)85
D)92

Question 79

Dysfunctional behaviors that spouses, partners, children, and others engage in to cope with the stress of having a family member with a substance-related disorder refers to

A)dependency.
B)codependency.
C)antisocial personality.
D)substance use.

Question 80

Periods of heavy drinking in which a person with alcoholism can remember events only when someone reminds them of what happened or they drink heavily again are referred to as

A)brownouts.
B)blackouts.
C)grayouts.
D)whiteouts.