Deck 3: Risk and Prevention of Mental Disorders

Question 1

A diathesis will partially determine the we experience, and some of these may be seen as stressful.

A)range and varieties of life events
B)social interactions
C)etiology
D)impulsivity

Answer 1

range and varieties of life events

Question 2

If Sam thrives on public speaking and making presentations, and George considers these same behaviors problematic, then we can recognize that

A)George has a phobia that will cause him to fail at school.
B)their perceptions of stress are different.
C)a different pattern of conditioning exists.
D)they should work together on projects.

Answer 2

their perceptions of stress are different.

Question 3

When mental health professionals study the etiology of a disorder, they are investigating

A)prevention models.
B)treatment outcomes.
C)causes.
D)none of these apply to etiology.

Answer 3

causes.

Question 4

The perception of stress can be influenced by a person because stress is

A)subjective.
B)declarative.
C)consistent.
D)ever-changing.

Question 5

The combination of and high stress results in the most symptoms of alcohol abuse.

A)biology
B)predisposition
C)vulnerability
D)impulsivity

Question 6

The cause of mental disorders is also known as

A)diathesis.
B)vulnerability.
C)etiology.
D)epidemiology.

Question 7

Biological or psychological diatheses do not guarantee one will develop disorders like alcoholism or depression.A diathesis is a(n)

A)vulnerability.
B)disposition.
C)stressor.
D)impulse.

Question 8

Predispositions and stressors, like all human behavior,

A)occur on a continuum.
B)are an all-or-none phenomenon.
C)are universal for all people.
D)can be reduced to CNS activity levels.

Question 9

Regardless of individual differences between or among people,

A)outcomes are always predictable.
B)predispositions and stress always interact.
C)psychiatry will have appropriate medication.
D)the levels and magnitudes of factors are unimportant.

Question 10

Diatheses are often

A)genetic.
B)biological.
C)psychological.
D)all of these are forms of diatheses.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)A diathesis is a vulnerability; one can be vulnerable to a certain disorder, but this does not mean the person will necessarily develop the disorder.
B)A combination of predisposition and stress does not produce psychological problems according to the diathesis-stress model.
C)A diathesis can never affect a person's perception of stress, only the stress level itself.
D)Diatheses affect only internal structures such as genetics and not external behaviors such as our choice of experiences.

Question 12

When DeShawn experienced the overwhelming belief that alcohol would make him more social, he was experiencing a(n)

A)biological predisposition.
B)expectancy predisposition.
C)psychological predisposition.
D)psycho-social predisposition.

Question 13

In the DeShawn case described in the beginning of the chapter, DeShawn, a 21-year-old student, was described as possibly having a series of problems associated with

A)cocaine.
B)alcohol.
C)sex.
D)family.

Question 14

According to the diathesis-stress model, is(are) needed to produce psychological problems.

A)predisposition
B)stress
C)both predisposition and stress
D)neither predisposition nor stress

Question 15

The model of mental health that sees varying levels of symptomatology on a spectrum between health and disorder depending on levels of stress and predisposition is known as the

A)diathesis-biological model.
B)medical model.
C)psychosocial model.
D)diathesis-stress model.

Question 16

According to your text, the combination of and result in the most symptoms of alcohol abuse.

A)predisposition; high stress
B)predisposition; low stress
C)predisposition; moderate stress
D)genetic vulnerability; predisposition

Question 17

In the example described in your text, Mariella may have been troubled because significant college stress triggered her predisposition for depression.However, her friend had the same type of predisposition and

A)showed no symptoms of depression.
B)experienced the same outcome.
C)failed out of college.
D)developed an anxiety disorder.

Question 18

If one person has more tendency toward psychological problems than another person, we can consider the first person to have more

A)weakness.
B)denial and repression.
C)risk factors.
D)self destructive tendencies.

Question 19

Two people with the same level of impulsivity may show different outcomes based on levels of

A)stress.
B)neurotransmitters.
C)genetic vulnerability.
D)generalized cortical arousal.

Question 20

Where one person is naturally outgoing and social, and another person naturally prefers solitude and isolation, it would follow that

A)these two people would choose different experiences.
B)the isolated individual needs to be more outgoing.
C)people are easily categorized by a behavior or two.
D)the differences were conditioned.

Question 21

According to your text, data on the severity of 12 major mental disorders indicate that most persons with a substance use disorder are in the level of severity.

A)serious
B)moderate
C)mild
D)the text does not differentiate between serious, moderate, and mild severity levels

Question 22

Sarah has been diagnosed with depression and panic disorder, which is an anxiety disorder.These disorders are thus seen as because they occur together in the same person.

A)cohorted
B)prevalent
C)comorbid
D)dangerous

Question 23

Both prevalence and lifetime prevalence estimates help to understand

A)the likelihood of mental disorder.
B)cause of mental disorder.
C)the effects of mental disorder.
D)the severity of mental disorder.

Question 24

According to the NCS-R data, the median age of onset for mental disorders is

A)27 years.
B)14 years.
C)30 years.
D)20 years.

Question 25

Scientists who make observations, survey people, and use other methods to investigate the extent of a public health problem are known as

A)entomologists.
B)epidemiologists.
C)incidence researchers.
D)etiologists.

Question 26

Significant differences in disorder expression depending on demographic features such as age or gender are called

A)universal effects.
B)selective effects.
C)conditional effects.
D)cohort effects.

Question 27

Joan has a career where she studies the patterns of disease or disorder in the general population.She is most likely working as

A)an etiologist.
B)a psychologist.
C)a diathesis specialist.
D)an epidemiologist.

Question 28

The NCS-R is considered to be a(n) survey

A)biased
B)community-based
C)projective
D)unscientific

Question 29

refers to new cases of mental disorder within a specific time period, whereas refers to all cases of a mental disorder within a specific time period.

A)Prevalence; incidence
B)Incidence; prevalence
C)Epidemiology; etiology
D)Etiology; epidemiology

Question 30

Analysis of the NCS-R data indicated that

A)most people who meet the criteria for a mental disorder are in treatment.
B)approximately 26% of Americans experience a mental disorder at some point in their life.
C)mental disorders differ with respect to severity, and many people show only mild symptoms.
D)all of these were related to the NCS-R data analysis.

Question 31

All cases of a mental disorder occurring within a specific period is known as

A)prevalence.
B)percentage.
C)etiology.
D)incidence.

Question 32

A major epidemiological survey of Americans was the

A)International Comorbidity Survey Replication.
B)National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
C)Comorbidity of Sample Survey.
D)none of these were surveys of Americans.

Question 33

Treatment trends by age show us that

A)older people are more likely to seek treatment.
B)younger people are more likely to seek treatment.
C)no clear distinction exists.
D)middle-aged people hardly ever seek treatment.

Question 34

From the NCS-R study, specific prevalence rates showed which disorder categories to be the MOST prevalent?

A)Depression and substance abuse
B)Anxiety and mood
C)Neurosis and psychosis
D)Obsessive-compulsive and personality disorders

Question 35

The "father of epidemiology" is considered to be

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Skinner.
C)John Snow.
D)Alfred Binet.

Question 36

Prevalence information for specific disorders is crucial so we know

A)where disorders occur in a population.
B)where to assign treatment and prevention resources.
C)how a disorder developed in an individual.
D)symptoms related to a specific disorder.

Question 37

Jane is counting all cases of a mental disorder within a specific time period.She is attempting to determine the

A)prevalence.
B)comorbidity.
C)logistics.
D)cohort effects.

Question 38

Epidemiologists will study mental disorders in terms of

A)how rapidly certain people develop disorders.
B)how often gender plays a role.
C)whether or not the diagnosis is correct.
D)incidence and prevalence.

Question 39

A unique aspect of the NCS-R was that questions were asked about the of mental disorder.

A)onset
B)comorbidity
C)specificity
D)cohort effects

Question 40

Because mental disorders differ with respect to severity, and many people show only mild symptoms,

A)many people do not seek treatment.
B)many people receive inappropriate treatment.
C)everyone who meets criteria for a mental disorder is in treatment.
D)people experiencing criteria immediately seek treatment.

Question 41

One explanation of suicide in college students may be the stress of college.Such stress may come from

A)additional support from family and new friends at school.
B)facing new academic demands.
C)joining a sorority or fraternity.
D)all of these may be explanations.

Question 42

Risk factors must the development of a condition.

A)precede
B)follow
C)coincide
D)enunciate

Question 43

Of the four groups listed below, suicide rates are highest for

A)women in their early 20s.
B)college women in their early 20s.
C)women in their mid to late 20s.
D)college women in their mid to late 20s.

Question 44

A recent epidemiological study found European Americans to have a higher lifetime prevalence rates for than African Americans and Latinos.

A)anxiety disorders
B)mood disorders
C)substance use disorders
D)all of these are more prevalent in European Americans

Question 45

Studies indicate that to have more than one mental disorder any point in time.

A)men are more likely than women
B)women are more likely than men
C)adolescents are more likely than young adults
D)the elderly are more likely than young adults

Question 46

According to the Big Ten Suicide Study, which student below is MOST likely to commit suicide?

A)Leigh Anne, who is 26 years old.
B)Mac, who has changed majors at least five times.
C)Elise, who maintains contacts with family and peers from home.
D)Edward, who has access to alcohol and weapons.

Question 47

Some risk factors are dynamic and can change over time.An example of a dynamic risk factor is

A)social support.
B)gender.
C)ethnicity.
D)age.

Question 48

Because of the unchanging nature of some risk factors such as gender or family history of a disorder, they are referred to as

A)at risk.
B)epidemiology.
C)preceding factors.
D)fixed.

Question 49

An individual or environmental characteristic that precedes a mental disorder and is correlated with that disorder is called

A)resilience.
B)a risk factor.
C)protective factor.
D)protective resilience.

Question 50

Identifying risk factors can lead to

A)proper diagnosis.
B)better treatment and prevention.
C)increased communication.
D)prevention of childhood sexual abuse.

Question 51

The explanation offered by your textbook for the high rate of suicide in college students is

A)anxiety.
B)biological predisposition.
C)depression.
D)stress.

Question 52

Women are more likely than men to develop

A)anxiety disorders.
B)depression.
C)Alzheimer's.
D)all of these are more common in women than in men.

Question 53

The fact that autism is more frequently diagnosed in young children in recent years than it was in past years is a good example of a(n) effect.

A)incidence
B)cohort
C)selection
D)ceiling

Question 54

A childhood history of severe sexual abuse is more common in people with personality disorder than those without the disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)depressive
C)borderline
D)obsessive

Question 55

Who is the MOST likely to seek treatment?

A)Jeanette, a 65-year-old woman suffering from depression.
B)Lillyan, an affluent Caucasian woman living in an urban area.
C)Jennie, an middle-income Caucasian woman living in a rural area.
D)Destanzey, a poor African-American woman living in an urban area.

Question 56

In 2001, approximately of all healthcare costs were for mental health.

A)50%
B)25%
C)7%
D)1%

Question 57

Mental disorders are cause of disability worldwide.

A)the least likely
B)a moderately likely
C)the leading
D)the second leading cause

Question 58

Women are at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders and mood disorders such as depression.They're also more likely to have cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease because

A)they live longer than men.
B)are genetically predisposed.
C)they usually have more than one disorder.
D)men have died, leaving them alone.

Question 59

Some risk factors are "fixed." An example of a "fixed" risk factor is

A)social support.
B)gender.
C)location.
D)comorbidity.

Question 60

Early onset of a disorder is related to

A)poorer chance for recovery.
B)better chance for recovery.
C)prevalence of a disorder.
D)comorbidity of a disorder.

Question 61

Given an elaborate account of different race and ethnicity prevalence data (generalities), what is the conclusion?

A)Race and ethnicity are inconclusive as risk factors
B)European and Asian populations have higher incidence
C)Caucasian groups are virtually immune to disorders
D)Hispanics and African Americans fare much worse

Question 62

In summarizing education, socioeconomic status, and marriage, we can conclude that people generally fare better if they are

A)less educated, overemployed, and engaged.
B)of average education, below average employment, and recently divorced.
C)self-educated, self-employed, and self-satisfied.
D)educated, gainfully employed, and married.

Question 63

Which of the following categorization systems is used to categorize risk factors?

A)Individual, family, and community
B)Internal, external, and global
C)Person centered, goal centered, and uncensored
D)With support, without support, and neurological

Question 64

Sylvia has been through some personal hard times recently but seems to be coping and doing quite well.If her outward positive behavior is an accurate expression of her true mental state, then

A)genetic immunity to mental disorders is apparent.
B)she can be certain future events will all go well.
C)she has likely had social support and an inherent positive attitude.
D)her attitude comes from her statistical analysis of future probabilities.

Question 65

Prevalence rates of mental disorder among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are similar to

A)European Americans.
B)African Americans.
C)Mexican Americans.
D)Canadian Americans.

Question 66

Having a positive temperament, above average intelligence, and social confidence of spirituality are examples of protective factors.

A)individual
B)family
C)community
D)none of these are protective factors

Question 67

Individuals who are are more likely to develop psychological disorders than those who are .

A)unemployed; employed
B)employed; unemployed
C)skilled; unskilled
D)unskilled; skilled

Question 68

Cedric's home was severely damaged in Hurricane Sandy.In spite of losing nearly all of his possessions, Cedric's difficulties in functioning have been minimal.This has been true right after the storm, one year later, and even two years later.Cedric is showing which pattern of disruption in functioning?

A)Chronic
B)Delayed
C)Recovery
D)Resilience

Question 69

Genetic predisposition, low birth weight, neuropsychological deficits, language disabilities, and child maltreatment are all examples of

A)protective factors.
B)family risk factors.
C)individual risk factors.
D)social risk factors.

Question 70

Individuals with strong support from friends and family are to develop depression than those with social support.

A)less likely; poor
B)more likely; less
C)less likely; even better
D)more likely; weaker

Question 71

The prevalence of mental disorder is highest among

A)divorced women.
B)married women.
C)married men.
D)widows and widowers.

Question 72

Adult Mexican immigrants had Mexican Americans born in the United States.

A)higher rates of mental disorder than
B)lower rates of mental disorder than
C)equal rates of mental disorder to
D)comparable rates of mental disorder to

Question 73

A smaller family structure, supportive relationships with parents, good sibling relationships, and adequate monitoring and rule setting by parents are examples of protective factors.

A)individual
B)family
C)community
D)none of these are protective factors

Question 74

Protective factors are associated with risk of mental disorder.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)stabilized
D)socialized

Question 75

For African Americans, the protective factor of religiosity

A)is at about the same level as for other racial groups.
B)seems to increase the likelihood of mental disorder.
C)is highly variable and therefore inconclusive.
D)seems to reduce the likelihood of mental disorder.

Question 76

A commitment to schools, availability of health and social services, and social cohesion are examples of protective factors

A)individual
B)family
C)community
D)none of these are protective factors

Question 77

Severe marital discord, overcrowding, paternal criminality, and maternal mental disorder are all examples of

A)protective factors.
B)family risk factors.
C)individual risk factors.
D)social risk factors.

Question 78

Violence, poverty, racism, sexism, and discrimination are all examples of

A)protective factors.
B)family risk factors.
C)individual risk factors.
D)social risk factors.

Question 79

People with the lowest lifetime and 1-year prevalence rates of mental disorder are

A)separated.
B)divorced.
C)happily married.
D)hopeful.

Question 80

The ability to withstand or rise above extreme adversity is known as

A)extraversion.
B)perseverance.
C)resilience.
D)mental health.