Deck 13: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

In which case did the Supreme Court require the government to prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency, raising the burden of proof from a "preponderance of the evidence?"

A)Breed v.Jones
B)In re Gault
C)In re Winship
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Drug use has been shown to be a strong risk factor for which category of juveniles?

A)African Americans
B)Females
C)Males
D)Whites

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of children and to assume the role of parent if necessary?

A)Child-saving doctrine
B)Illinois Juvenile Court Act
C)In loco parentis
D)Parens patriae

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In ____, the U.S.Supreme Court forbade the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when they committed their crimes.

A)New Jersey v.T.L.O
B)Fare v.Michael C.
C)Roper v.Simmons
D)In re Gault

Question 5

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already been adjudicated in a juvenile court?

A)Breed v.Jones
B)In re Gault
C)Kent v.United States
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Question 6

Though overall rates of juvenile offending have been dropping, the one particular group of juveniles that has become more involved in the juvenile justice system than ever before is that of::

A)Girls
B)Hispanic males
C)Caucasian males
D)Asian males

Question 7

In the juvenile court, children are not "found guilty," they are instead:

A)Convicted
B)Subject to disposition
C)Adjudicated delinquent
D)Remanded to the court

Question 8

By definition, ____ is a term used to explain the fact that criminal activity declines with age.

A)Age of conformity
B)Age of delinquency
C)Age of onset
D)Aging out

Question 9

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act in _______.

A)1825
B)1899
C)1911
D)1930

Question 10

In In re Winship, the Supreme Court required the government to prove ____ that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency.

A)Beyond a reasonable doubt
B)With clear and convincing evidence
C)By a preponderance of the evidence
D)By probable cause

Question 11

The age at which a juvenile first exhibits delinquent behavior is the:

A)Age of conformity
B)Age of delinquency
C)Age of onset
D)Aging out

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement?

A)Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children
B)Child savers believed in treatment, not punishment
C)Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae
D)Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous juveniles in adult facilities

Question 13

The features of the juvenile court include:

A)Juries
B)Adversarial relationship
C)No confidentiality
D)A different terminology

Question 14

Many researchers believe that by the age of ____________, and adolescent has the same ability as an adult to make a competent decision.

A)7
B)12
C)14
D)18

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a status offense?

A)Running away from home
B)Truancy
C)Smoking cigarettes
D)Drinking and driving

Question 16

A juvenile who has been found to have engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age is referred to as a ____.

A)Juvenile delinquent
B)Status offender
C)Troubled minor
D)Wayward youth

Question 17

In the decision of this case, the Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled to many of the same due process rights granted to adult offenders, including notice of charges, the right to counsel, the privilege against self-incrimination, and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)In re Gault
C)Kent v.United States
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Question 18

A particular problem area for girls appears to be the crime of:

A)Assault
B)Burglary
C)Murder
D)Robbery

Question 19

Which was the first court case to extend due process rights to children?

A)Breed v.Jones
B)In re Gault
C)Kent v.United States
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Question 20

Drug and alcohol use by juveniles is:

A)Rapidly increasing
B)Slowly increasing
C)Relatively stable
D)Decreasing

Question 21

Which type of residential treatment program generally houses between 12 and 15 youths and provides treatment, counseling, and educational services by a professional staff?

A)Family group homes
B)Foster care programs
C)Group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 22

Which landmark case resulted in a ruling that youths can be detained if they are deemed a "risk" to the safety of the community or to their own welfare?

A)In re Gault
B)In re Winship
C)Roper v.Simmons
D)Schall v.Martin

Question 23

A(n) ____ is a procedure in which juvenile court judges have the discretion to transfer a juvenile case to adult court when certain predetermined conditions regarding the seriousness of the offense and the age of the offender are met.

A)Automatic transfer
B)Judicial waiver
C)Legislative waiver
D)Prosecutorial waiver

Question 24

The process in which the juvenile judge, based on the facts of the case at hand, decides that the alleged offender should be transferred to adult court is a(n):

A)Automatic transfer
B)Judicial waiver
C)Legislative waiver
D)Prosecutorial waiver

Question 25

A juvenile's first contact with the juvenile justice system usually comes through a:

A)Juvenile court judge
B)Juvenile probation officer
C)Juvenile residential specialist
D)Police officer

Question 26

Diversion programs vary widely, but generally fall into three general categories, including all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Restitution
B)Incarceration
C)Treatment and aid
D)Probation

Question 27

The average gang member is _____________ years old.

A)17-18
B)14-15
C)12-13
D)10-11

Question 28

Which philosophy allows a police officer to detain a juvenile for his or her own protection, such as when the officer detects a dangerous situation involving family or peers?

A)Child-saving
B)Culpability protecting
C)In loco parentis
D)Parens patriae

Question 29

A(n) ____ is a report prepared during the disposition process that provides the judge with relevant background material to aid in the disposition decision.

A)Adjudication
B)Petition
C)Presentence investigation
D)Predisposition report

Question 30

Similarities between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system include:

A)The right to a jury trial
B)Hearings must be open to the public
C)Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is needed
D)Dependents are required to testify

Question 31

The first stage of juvenile pretrial procedures is:

A)Intake
B)Diversion
C)Waiver
D)Detention

Question 32

The infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child without any plausible explanation, such as an accident, is referred to as:

A)Child abuse
B)Child endangerment
C)Child maltreatment
D)Child mistreatment

Question 33

A youth gang is viewed as a group of ____ or more persons who self-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community by special clothing, vocabulary, hand signals, and name, and engage in criminal activity.

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Question 34

Differences between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system include:

A)Juvenile proceedings must be public
B)Information must be released to the press in the juvenile system
C)There is no death penalty for juveniles
D)The purpose of the juvenile court is punishment

Question 35

In ____, the juvenile lives with a couple who act as surrogate parents.

A)Family group homes
B)Foster care programs
C)Group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 36

Similar to the sentencing hearing for adults, a(n) ____ hearing is when the juvenile judge decides the appropriate punishment for a youth found to be delinquent or a status offender.

A)Adjudicatory
B)Discretionary
C)Disposition
D)Diversionary

Question 37

The ____ is a document filed with a juvenile court alleging that the juvenile is a delinquent or a status offender and asking the court to either hear the case or transfer it to an adult court.

A)Complaint
B)Diversion document
C)Intake sheet
D)Petition

Question 38

What form of child abuse occurs when the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love?

A)Emotional abuse
B)Child neglect
C)Mental abuse
D)Physical abuse

Question 39

A(n) ____ hearing is the process through which a juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to support the initial petition.

A)Adjudicatory
B)Discretionary
C)Disposition
D)Diversionary

Question 40

What is the most common form of juvenile corrections?

A)Boot camp
B)Juvenile detention
C)Probation
D)Residential treatment centers

Question 41

This is the practical theory in juvenile corrections that a delinquent or status offender should receive a punishment that matches in seriousness the severity of the wrongdoing.

A)Diversion
B)Graduated sanctions
C)In loco parentis
D)Parens patriae

Question 42

During intake, an official of the juvenile court must decide, in effect, what to do with the offender.

Question 43

The first decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile courts was In re Gault.

Question 44

No juvenile correctional facility is called a "prison."

Question 45

During the adjudicatory hearing, juvenile defendants have the right to present their cases to a jury.

Question 46

The child savers believed that juvenile offenders required treatment, not punishment.

Question 47

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the New York Juvenile Court Act in 1899.

Question 48

Almost half of all gang members are female.

Question 49

The decision in McKeiver v.Pennsylvania represented the one instance in which the Court did not move the juvenile court further toward the adult model.

Question 50

In which community-based rehabilitation program is a juvenile returned to the community, but placed under supervision with conditions specified through the juvenile justice system?

A)Boot camp
B)Probation
C)Restitution
D)Treatment program

Question 51

Wilderness camps, farms, and ranches where between 30 and 50 children are placed in an environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs are referred to as:

A)Family group homes
B)Foster care programs
C)Group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 52

The older a person is, the less likely he or she will be to exhibit criminal behavior.

Question 53

The most common form of juvenile corrections is probation.

Question 54

Most states provide for a bifurcated process in which a separate disposition hearing follows the adjudicatory hearing.

Question 55

Correctional institutions that are the most restrictive for juveniles found to be delinquent or status offenders are called:

A)Family group homes
B)Group homes
C)Rural programs
D)Training schools

Question 56

The primary concern during the disposition hearing is to determine a sentence that will serve the needs of the child, rather than one that will protect the community.

Question 57

The juvenile justice system uses the same terminology as found in the adult criminal justice system.

Question 58

Boot camps are a good example of residential treatment programs.

Question 59

Police officers engage in low visibility decision making when working with juvenile offenders.

Question 60

____ are similar in many aspects to adult prisons and jails, but differ from them in their efforts to treat and rehabilitate young offenders.

A)Family group homes
B)Group homes
C)Training schools
D)Rural programs

Question 61

Describe the child-saving movement and its relationship to the doctrine of parens patriae.

Question 62

Juvenile corrections are based on the concept of ________________________.

Question 63

The age at which a youth first exhibits delinquent behavior is _____________________.

Question 64

Discuss the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts.

Question 65

Describe some of the major differences between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.

Question 66

A doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of children and to assume the role of parent if necessary is __________________________.

Question 67

Identify and briefly discuss the single most important Supreme Court case with respect to juvenile justice.

Question 68

Juveniles who are released from secure facilities are placed in ____________ programs.

Question 69

Twenty-nine states have taken the waiver out of judicial hands through ___________, also known as legislative waiver.

Question 70

Describe the four primary stages of pretrial juvenile justice procedure.