Deck 11: Prisons and Jails

Question 1

The "new penology:"

A)Awarded early release opportunities
B)Involved total segregation for inmates
C)Kept inmates in total silence
D)Assigned inmates to work at hard labor

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon-wheel"-like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control?

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Answer 2

C

Question 3

This is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation.

A)Jail
B)Penitentiary
C)Prison
D)Supermax facility

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations?

A)Federal prison growth
B)Increased probability of incarceration
C)Inmates serving more time for each crime
D)Private prisons

Question 5

At ____, good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification.

A)The Auburn Prison
B)The Eastern Penitentiary
C)Elmira
D)The Western Penitentiary

Question 6

The ____ held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes.

A)Congregate system
B)Medical model
C)Separate confinement system
D)Supermax system

Question 7

What type of prison design is characterized by having housing units scattered among functional units such as the dining room, recreation area, and treatment centers?

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 8

In what state was the first penitentiary opened?

A)Chicago
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 9

In the ____ prison, the buildings form a square around an open space, and to get from one facility to another, the inmates go across that space.

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 10

Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences?

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 11

If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens, those in New York focused on:

A)Idleness
B)Obedience
C)Silence
D)Privacy

Question 12

____ was/were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences, probation, community sanctions, and parole in the first half of the twentieth century.

A)The Progressives
B)The Quakers
C)Robert Martinson
D)Wardens

Question 13

An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.

A)Progressives
B)Quakers
C)Robert Martinson
D)Warden organizations

Question 14

The New York System used the ____, which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary system in which inmates were kept in separate cells during the night but worked together during the day under a code of enforced silence.

A)Congregate system
B)Medical model
C)Separate confinement system
D)Supermax system

Question 15

The number of Americans in prison or jail has _____________________ since 1985.

A)Declined
B)Remained stable
C)Doubled
D)More than tripled

Question 16

The Pennsylvania System used the ____, which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times, with daily activities taking place in individual cells.

A)Congregate system
B)Medical model
C)Separate confinement system
D)Supermax system

Question 17

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to:

A)Terrorism
B)Harsher penalties for sex offenders
C)The war on drugs
D)The increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults

Question 18

Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement.What were these problems?

A)Excessive costs and overcrowding
B)Excessive costs and intruding politics
C)Intruding politics and overcrowding
D)Overcrowding and violence

Question 19

The number of women incarcerated today has:

A)Remained stable
B)Slowly decreased
C)Slowly increased
D)Increased at a rate double that of men

Question 20

Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with violent and repeat offenders, in ____.

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security
C)Medium-security
D)Minimum-security

Question 21

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have:

A)A chain of command
B)Continuity of purpose
C)A decentralized leadership structure
D)A military structure

Question 22

____ is the period of time a person denied bail has spent in jail prior to his or her trial.

A)Bad time
B)Good time
C)Time deserved
D)Time served

Question 23

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities lack:

A)A chain of command
B)Bureaucracy
C)Continuity of purpose
D)A military structure

Question 24

Which type of facility is responsible for receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial?

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security prison
C)Medium-security prison
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 25

Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors?

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security prison
C)Medium-security prison
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 26

Custodial employees in prisons, those who deal directly with inmates,

A)Make up more than three-quarters of a prison's staff
B)Make up more than half of a prison's staff
C)Make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff
D)Make up 100% of a prison's staff, because all employees are categorized as custodial

Question 27

Arguments against private prisons include:

A)There is too much red tape involved in their management
B)The operators cut corners
C)Conditions are primitive and unsanitary
D)They are too expensive

Question 28

Approximately ____ million Americans spend at least 1 day in jail each year.

A)One
B)Three
C)Five
D)Seven

Question 29

The ____ prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of solitary confinement.

A)Maximum-security
B)Medium-security
C)Minimum-security
D)Supermax

Question 30

Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners?

A)Maximum-security
B)Medium-security
C)Minimum-security
D)Supermax

Question 31

The incentive to privatize is primarily to:

A)Best rehabilitate inmates
B)Decrease the cost of incarceration
C)Increase public safety
D)Increase the salaries of correctional officers

Question 32

What is the main purpose of the Supermax prison?

A)To allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers
B)To house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting
C)To provide rehabilitation to the inmate
D)To strictly control the inmates' movements

Question 33

Private prisons may be cheaper to run than public ones for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)Lower labor costs
B)They don't have to provide programs and services
C)Competitive bidding
D)Less red tape

Question 34

Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world?"

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 35

Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility?

A)To allow for individual repentance with a religious leader
B)To care for the inmate at an individual level
C)To limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline
D)To provide individual treatment opportunities

Question 36

Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes?"

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 37

The ____ is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison.

A)Sheriff
B)Attorney General
C)Warden
D)Chief

Question 38

The typical jail term is approximately_____________________.

A)ten to thirty days
B)thirty to ninety days
C)180 days
D)one year

Question 39

Jails hold all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Those convicted of misdemeanors
B)The mentally ill who are awaiting transfer
C)Juveniles who have been adjudicated delinquent and sentenced to incarceration
D)Inmates awaiting transfer to federal and state prisons

Question 40

Which of the following is not one of the roles performed by jails?

A)Hold individuals convicted of felonies
B)Receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial
C)Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities
D)Hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities

Question 41

Jails often generate income, as counties often house state inmates for a fee.

Question 42

The incentive to privatize is primarily financial.

Question 43

Children of convicts are more likely to become involved in delinquent behavior.

Question 44

High rates of incarceration likely lead to:

A)Higher rates of criminal offending
B)Greater democratic participation
C)Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated
D)A decline in the unemployment rate

Question 45

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than:

A)10 inmates
B)25 inmates
C)50 inmates
D)200 inmates

Question 46

The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun to slowly decline.

Question 47

Disenfranchisement refers to:

A)Barring convicts from obtaining driver's licenses
B)Taking away a convict's ability to participate in mainstream society
C)Taking away the convict's right to vote
D)Violating the civil rights of inmates

Question 48

The "new penology" was put into practice at New York's Elmira Reformatory in 1876.

Question 49

A prison is a facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors.

Question 50

The warden is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison.

Question 51

The overwhelming number of jails is administered by:

A)Municipal police
B)County sheriffs
C)State government
D)Federal government

Question 52

Of the nearly 3,370 jails in the United States, more than 2,700 are operated on a county level by an elected sheriff.

Question 53

Minorities are disproportionately impacted by disenfranchisement.

Question 54

The Walnut Street Jail failed because inmates succumbed to illness, insanity, and suicide.

Question 55

Supermaximum-security prisons, also known as "supermax" prisons, are relatively rare and extremely controversial due to their overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners.

Question 56

Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws.

Question 57

Private prisons can often be run more cheaply and efficiently than public ones.

Question 58

High rates of incarceration disproportionately impact:

A)Women
B)Children
C)Minorities
D)The elderly

Question 59

Maximum-security prisons tend to be small, holding under 500 inmates.

Question 60

The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations.

Question 61

Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.

Question 62

Time spent in jail prior to trial is often credited towards an offender's sentence as __________________.

Question 63

What are the benefits of privatizing prisons? What are the potential drawbacks?

Question 64

The _____________ system was used at Auburn, where inmates worked and ate together, with silence enforced by guards.

Question 65

Besides the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws, what other reasons are recognized for growth in the incarcerated population? Identify and briefly discuss each.

Question 66

Supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual __________________, in which all inmates are confined to their cells.

Question 67

Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system.

Question 68

The main feature of the ____________________ design is a long central corridor that serves as a means for transporting inmates from one part of the facility to another.

Question 69

The prison official ultimately responsible for the correctional facility is the warden, also known as the ______________________.

Question 70

Identify and discuss the four types of prisons.