Deck 10: Probation and Community Corrections

Question 1

All of the following are justifications for community-based corrections programs EXCEPT:

A)Community-based corrections programs satisfy the public's need for punishment
B)Community-based corrections programs assist offenders with reintegration into the community
C)Community-based corrections programs divert offenders from prison and jails
D)Community-based corrections programs are a low-cost alternative to prison

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on ____.

A)Authority
B)Investigations
C)Supervision
D)Trust

Answer 2

D

Question 3

About ______________ of all probationers have been found guilty of a felony.

A)One-tenth
B)One-third
C)One-half
D)Three-fourths

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A strategy to divert those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions is:

A)Deterrence
B)Diversion
C)Incapacitation
D)Reintegration

Question 5

Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior?

A)Deterrence
B)Diversion
C)Incapacitation
D)Reintegration

Question 6

Which type of condition reflects the seriousness of the offense and is included to increase the punishment of the offender?

A)Community
B)Punitive
C)Standard
D)Treatment

Question 7

In this arrangement, an offender is sentenced to prison or jail with the understanding that after a period of time, he or she may petition the court to be released on probation.

A)Intermittent incarceration
B)Shock incarceration
C)Suspended sentence
D)Split sentence probation

Question 8

An offender would likely be denied probation in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:

A)The offender is addicted to narcotics
B)The offender has been convicted of two or more offenses
C)The offender used a weapon during the commission of the crime
D)The offender was convicted of a felony

Question 9

In which court case did the U.S.Supreme Court rule that a meeting between a probation officer and client does not equal custody, and therefore, the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination does not apply?

A)Gagnon v.Scarpeli
B)Griffin v.Wisconsin
C)Minnesota v.Murphy
D)Morrisey v.Brewer

Question 10

With ____, the offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually the weekends, in a jail, workhouse, or other government institution.

A)Intermittent incarceration
B)Shock incarceration
C)Suspended sentence
D)Split sentence probation

Question 11

As a means to reverse patterns of self-destructive behavior, ____ conditions are imposed on the offender.

A)Community
B)Punitive
C)Standard
D)Treatment

Question 12

During this hearing the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence.

A)Preliminary hearing
B)Revocation hearing
C)Preliminary sentencing
D)Revocation sentencing

Question 13

Conditions imposed on all probationers are:

A)Community
B)Punitive
C)Standard
D)Treatment

Question 14

In this appearance before a "disinterested person," the facts of a probation violation or arrest are presented, and it is determined whether probable cause for revoking probation exists.

A)Preliminary hearing
B)Revocation hearing
C)Preliminary sentencing
D)Revocation sentencing

Question 15

In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories.Which of the following is not one of these conditions?

A)Community conditions
B)Punitive conditions
C)Standard conditions
D)Treatment conditions

Question 16

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the ____ philosophy of punishment.

A)Retribution
B)Incapacitation
C)Deterrence
D)Rehabilitation

Question 17

In ____, also known as shock probation, the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation.

A)Intermittent incarceration
B)Shock incarceration
C)Suspended sentence
D)Split sentence probation

Question 18

Failing to report a change of address or testing positive for drug use is a ____ violation which may result in revocation of probation.

A)Common
B)Punitive
C)Standard
D)Technical

Question 19

The most common form of punishment in the United States is:

A)Imprisonment
B)Probation
C)Community service
D)Restitution

Question 20

What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately?

A)Community corrections
B)Probation
C)Split sentence probation
D)Suspended sentence

Question 21

A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with limited caseloads is a(n):

A)Day reporting center
B)Home confinement
C)Intensive supervision probation
D)Pretrial diversion program

Question 22

A community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation is a:

A)Day reporting center
B)Treatment center
C)Pretrial diversion program
D)Probation office

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions?

A)Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than imprisonment
B)Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by probation
C)Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's situation
D)Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded facilities and understaffed probation departments

Question 24

Intensive supervision probation has two functions: to divert offenders from prison and jail, and to:

A)Place offenders under higher levels of control
B)Rehabilitate offenders through intensive treatment
C)Shock probationers into compliance with the law
D)Instill self-respect and discipline into probationers

Question 25

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts?

A)Programmed contact
B)Programmed dialers
C)Receiver-contacts
D)Receiver-dialers

Question 26

A process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is:

A)Community service
B)Fines
C)Forfeiture
D)Restitution

Question 27

The most restrictive level of home monitoring is:

A)Curfew
B)Home detention
C)Home incarceration
D)Electronic monitoring

Question 28

In which cases did the Court rule that probationers were entitled to an attorney during the revocation process?

A)Morrisey v.Brewer
B)Gagnon v.Scarpelli
C)Minnesota v.Murphy
D)Mempa v.Rhay

Question 29

Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training?

A)Boot camp
B)Intensive supervision probation
C)Pretrial diversion program
D)Scared straight

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing?

A)Community service
B)Fines
C)Imprisonment
D)Restitution

Question 31

During the ____, if the presiding body rules against the probationer, the judge must then decide whether to impose incarceration and for what length of time.

A)Preliminary hearing
B)Revocation hearing
C)Preliminary sentencing
D)Revocation sentencing

Question 32

The fastest growing form of pretrial diversion in the country is:

A)Day reporting centers
B)Drug court
C)Electronic monitoring
D)Boot camp

Question 33

Scared Straight and boot camp are two forms of ____.

A)Home confinement
B)Intensive supervision probation
C)Pretrial diversion programming
D)Shock incarceration

Question 34

What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save for medical emergencies?

A)Curfew
B)Home detention
C)Home incarceration
D)Home probation

Question 35

A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes is called:

A)Home confinement
B)Intensive supervision probation
C)Pretrial diversion program
D)Shock incarceration

Question 36

Day reporting centers were first used in

A)Norway
B)United States
C)Australia
D)Great Britain

Question 37

What is an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges?

A)Day reporting center
B)Home confinement
C)Pretrial diversion program
D)Probation office

Question 38

Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend ____ in prison or jail before being released and resentenced to probation.

A)90 days
B)6 months
C)9 months
D)1 year

Question 39

On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by:

A)Having all charges against them dropped
B)Spending a limited time in jail
C)Spending a limited time in prison
D)Spending a limited time on probation

Question 40

If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a ____ who will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction.

A)Judge
B)Jury
C)Probation officer
D)Prosecutor

Question 41

Community-based corrections programs are more cost efficient than incarceration.

Question 42

Community-based corrections are an important means of diverting criminals to alternative modes of punishment so that scarce incarceration resources are consumed by only the most dangerous criminals.

Question 43

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal?

A)Programmed contact
B)Programmed dialers
C)Continuous signaling
D)Continuous dialers

Question 44

Probationers who commit technical violations are very likely to have their probation revoked.

Question 45

Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not play a role in revocation hearings.

Question 46

What level of home monitoring requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours, usually at night?

A)Curfew
B)Home detention
C)Home incarceration
D)Home probation

Question 47

Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP) clients typically have lower violation rates than traditional probationers.

Question 48

Probation is the least common form of punishment in the United States.

Question 49

What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies?

A)Curfew
B)Home detention
C)Home incarceration
D)Home probation

Question 50

Boot camp is a variation on traditional shock incarceration.

Question 51

The idea that the more effectively offenders are controlled, the more likely they are to be caught violating the terms of their conditional release is called _____________________________.

A)Widening the net
B)The paradox of community corrections
C)Diversion
D)Reintegration

Question 52

Half of all probationers have been found guilty of a misdemeanor, and half have been found guilty of a felony.

Question 53

Offenders who successfully complete pretrial diversion have the charges pending against them dropped.

Question 54

Forfeiture is a process by which the government seizes property gained from or used in criminal activity.

Question 55

The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on supervision and authority.

Question 56

Every offender is eligible for probation.

Question 57

Home detention is the strictest form of home monitoring.

Question 58

This is the criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system.

A)Diversion
B)Reintegration
C)Scared Straight
D)Widening the net

Question 59

The first step of the revocation process is the arraignment.

Question 60

Conditions such as fines, restitution, and drug testing are considered standard conditions of probation.

Question 61

Identify and discuss the three general categories of probation conditions.

Question 62

What are the three levels of home monitoring? What does each level require of the offender?

Question 63

Critics argue that intermediate sanctions ____________ by adding to the number of citizens who are currently under supervision.

Question 64

A goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community is ______________.

Question 65

What are three justifications given for community corrections? Explore how they provide reasoning for the use and existence of community corrections in society today.

Question 66

The number of cases handled by a probation officer in a given period is her or her __________________.

Question 67

List and discuss the three stages of the revocation process.

Question 68

With ______________________, the offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually the weekends, in jail.

Question 69

Scared Straight programs and boot camps are examples of _____________________________.

Question 70

Not every offender is eligible for probation.Identify five of the six conditions that would most likely make an offender ineligible for probation.