Deck 5: Challenges to Effective Policing

Question 1

Today, ____ percent of all local police departments require a degree from a two-year college.

A)18
B)12
C)9
D)4

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which patrol function focuses on maintaining a presence in the community, either in a car or on foot, which allows attempts at preventing crime from occurring?

A)Administrative duties
B)Calls for service
C)Officer-initiated activities
D)Preventive patrol

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The term "clearance rate" refers to:

A)The percentage of reported crimes
B)The percentage of crimes that result in arrest and prosecution
C)The percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction
D)The percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of crime

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Many police departments recognize that the benefit of a diverse police department is:

A)A decline in criminal offending
B)Improved community relations
C)Improved response rates
D)Increased clearance rates

Question 5

The most common way for someone to become a detective is to ___________________.

A)Attend graduate school in criminal justice
B)Attend specialized training in the field
C)Earn an undergraduate college degree
D)Be promoted from patrol officer

Question 6

As many as ____ of sworn officers, or those officers authorized to make arrests and use force, in some large police departments are patrol officers.

A)1/4
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3

Question 7

Generally speaking, the minimum age to become a police officer is ____:

A)18
B)20
C)21
D)25

Question 8

The segment of a police recruit's training that takes place on the beat is referred to in the text as:

A)A practicum
B)An internship
C)Probation
D)Field training

Question 9

What is the second main function of police, along with patrol?

A)Administration
B)Bureaucratic organization
C)Internal Affairs
D)Investigation

Question 10

Paperwork takes up to ____ of a patrol officer's time.

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 11

A person who is involved in criminal activity and provides information about that activity and those who engage in it to the police is a(n):

A)Confidential informant
B)Undercover police officer
C)Witness
D)Vice detective

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?

A)Deterrence of crime
B)Maintenance of public order
C)Improvement of public attitudes towards the police
D)Provision of services that are not crime related

Question 13

Often, the ____ serves to legally discriminate against female applicants for police officer positions.

A)Visual acuity test
B)Physical fitness test
C)Height standard
D)Body mass index standard

Question 14

What is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization, such as a police department?

A)Administration development
B)Efficiency
C)Low employee turnover
D)Work satisfaction for the employee

Question 15

After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:

A)Detective
B)International affairs unit
C)Patrol officer
D)Police chief

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic requirements for becoming a police officer?

A)Being a U.S.citizen
B)Having no felony convictions
C)Minimum height requirements
D)Possession of or eligibility to obtain a driver's license in the state where the police department is located

Question 17

Aggressive investigation strategies include:

A)Crackdowns
B)Undercover operations
C)Roadblocks
D)Increased patrol of hot spots

Question 18

Minority representation in American police departments has increased to roughly ____:

A)10%
B)16%
C)24%
D)53%

Question 19

After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:

A)Detective
B)Internal affairs unit
C)Patrol officer
D)Police chief

Question 20

The majority of a patrol officer's time is spent on:

A)Preventive patrol
B)Calls for service
C)Administrative duties
D)Officer-initiated activities

Question 21

The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime, often through the use of DNA evidence, in the absence of an ongoing investigation is a(n):

A)Proactive solve
B)Clearance rate
C)Random hit
D)Cold hit

Question 22

A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents and attempts to solve the root causes of criminal behavior is ___________________________.

A)Problem-oriented policing
B)Community policing
C)Incident-driving policing
D)Proactive policing

Question 23

For more than a century the most important piece of trace evidence has been ____________.

A)DNA
B)The human fingerprint
C)Human hair
D)Blood evidence

Question 24

An area that is concentrated with high criminal activity to which there is a directed police response is a:

A)Ghetto
B)Heavy spot
C)Hot spot
D)Slum

Question 25

When police officers accept free gifts from citizens (a passive form of corruption), this is called:

A)A shakedown
B)A payoff
C)Mooching
D)Bribery

Question 26

The use of force by police officers occurs in about ____ percent of all police-public encounters.

A)9
B)4
C)1
D)6

Question 27

Criminal investigations that are not cleared after a certain amount of time are referred to as __________.

A)Closed cases
B)Cold cases
C)Unsolved cases
D)Unfounded cases

Question 28

In ____, the U.S.Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers.

A)Miranda v.Arizona (1963)
B)Tennessee v.Garner (1985)
C)Graham v.Conner (1989)
D)Rovario v.United States (1957)

Question 29

The "broken windows theory" is based on the theory that by cracking down on ____ crimes, police can significantly reduce all crime in an area.

A)Felony
B)Property
C)Quality-of-life
D)Violent

Question 30

A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people is:

A)CODIS
B)AFIS
C)IBIS
D)NCVS

Question 31

A reactive approach to policing that emphasizes a speedy response to calls for service is:

A)Community policing
B)Directed policing
C)Problem-oriented policing
D)Incident-driven policing

Question 32

Which of the following is defined as "a metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers?"

A)Blue curtain
B)Loyalty
C)Police cynicism
D)Police subculture

Question 33

A ____ is when an officer actively demands payment from an individual or a business in return for certain services.

A)Gleaning
B)Mooching
C)Payoff
D)Shakedown

Question 34

Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received and the instant a police officer arrives on the scene, otherwise referred to as ____, has become a benchmark for police efficiency.

A)Differential response
B)Directed patrol
C)Incident-driven policing
D)Response time

Question 35

The directed patrol of hot spots is associated with ______________________.

A)Reactive arrests
B)Proactive arrests
C)Directed arrests
D)Responsive arrests

Question 36

DNA is ____ in each cell of a person's body, and provides a "genetic blueprint" or "code" for that person.

A)Different
B)The opposite
C)The same
D)Similar

Question 37

A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law enforcement agencies and are taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as the proper way to think, perceive, and act is called:

A)Blue curtain
B)Police cynicism
C)Police subculture
D)Socialization

Question 38

What type of technology is utilized by police departments to locate and identify hot spots?

A)Arrest rates
B)Crime mapping
C)Preventive patrol
D)Rapid response

Question 39

In which type of patrol do officers make the rounds of a specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various patrol functions?

A)Directed
B)Incident-driven
C)General
D)Scattered

Question 40

The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol:

A)Had little or no impact on crime
B)Decreased crime
C)Increased crime
D)Increased the number of reported offenses

Question 41

In the first stage of moral decline of a police officer, the officer:

A)Accepts minor gratuities
B)May force another party to pay for unwanted police services
C)No longer passively accepts bribes
D)Takes in large amounts of money through involvement in drugs, gambling or prostitution organizations

Question 42

A police officer who accepts free "gifts" such as cigarettes, liquor or services in return for favorable treatment of the gift giver is said be participating in mooching.

Question 43

The ____ is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers.

A)Administrative Department
B)Citizen Oversight Committee
C)Ethics Department
D)Internal Affairs Unit

Question 44

Most police agencies require new recruits to possess a four-year college degree.

Question 45

The "broken windows theory" proposes that cracking down on violent crime will allow police to reclaim neighborhoods.

Question 46

Confidential informants are generally police officers who are working undercover to infiltrate criminal organizations.

Question 47

Ethical dilemmas for police officers may include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A)An officer not knowing the right course of action
B)An officer seeking out payoffs to hide contraband evidence
C)An officer having difficulty doing what they consider to be right
D)An officer finding the wrong choice to be very tempting

Question 48

After arresting a dangerous suspect, an officer realizes that (s)he lacked grounds to make the initial stop. Rather than see the suspect released, the officer falsifies his/her report to make appear as though the stop was justified. This category of ethical dilemma involves:

A)Discretion
B)Duty
C)Honesty
D)Loyalty

Question 49

Diversity in police departments leads to improved community relations.

Question 50

Police officers use physical force in about 25% of police-public encounters.

Question 51

The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.

Question 52

The department that involves citizens who are not sworn officers and, by inference, are not biased in favor of law enforcement officers, to review allegations of police misconduct or brutality is known as the Internal Affairs Unit (IAU).

Question 53

Field training takes place outside the confines of a police academy.

Question 54

Reactive arrests are associated with general patrol activities.

Question 55

No two individuals share the same genetic code.

Question 56

Tennessee v.Garner (1985) outlawed the use of deadly force by police officers.

Question 57

Ethical dilemmas occur often in police work.

Question 58

In large police departments as many as two-thirds of all employees are sworn officers.

Question 59

The obligation to act in a certain manner is:

A)Discretion
B)Honesty
C)Loyalty
D)Duty

Question 60

Duty is the obligation to act in a certain manner.

Question 61

The misuse of authority by a law enforcement officer is _______________.

Question 62

Areas that contain a greater number of criminals and higher-than-average levels of victimization are often labeled _______________.

Question 63

Identify and discuss the three traditional forms of police corruption.

Question 64

The study of firearms, including the firing of the weapon and the flight of the bullet is _______________.

Question 65

Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas typically faced by police officers.

Question 66

Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.

Question 67

How does community policing differ from the professional model of policing?

Question 68

________________ are those officers authorized to make arrests and use force.

Question 69

Explain some of the benefits of a culturally diverse police force.

Question 70

The obligation to act in a certain manner is __________.