Deck 19: Probability and Statistics in Engineering

Question 1

That area of science that deals with collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data is known as

A)probability
B)statics
C)statistics
D)mathematics

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The cumulative frequency does not show the cumulative number of data with values up to and including those in the given range.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In statistics, smaller portion of the entire data or population is commonly called a

A)subset
B)group
C)data set
D)sample

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A histogram is a way to show the range of data and their frequency.The height of the bars shows the frequency of the data within the given ranges.

Question 5

In probability, each time you repeat an experiment is called a

A)trial
B)test run
C)measurement
D)guess

Question 6

One simple way of organizing the data better would be to identify the lowest and the highest values, and then group the data into equal intervals or ranges:

Question 7

There are 20 red marbles and 10 blue marbles mixed together in a cloth bag.If you reach in and pull out a marble, without looking, what are the odds of selecting a blue marble?

A)1:2
B)1:3
C)1:4
D)1:5

Question 8

Manufacturing engineers use statistics for quality control assurance of the products they produce.

Question 9

Civil engineers use statistical models to study the reliability of construction materials and structures and to design for flood control and water supply management.

Question 10

Systemic errors are errors

A)that occur throughout the entire system.
B)that occur on a frequent basis.
C)associated with using an inaccurate instrument.
D)associated with the design and setup of the experiment.

Question 11

There are 20 red marbles and 10 blue marbles mixed together in a cloth bag.If you reach in and pull out a marble, without looking, what is the probability of selecting a blue marble?

A)0.75
B)0.50
C)0.25
D)0.33

Question 12

Statistics deals with methods and techniques that can be used to draw conclusions about the characteristics of something with a large number of data points sing a smaller portion of the entire data.

Question 13

In probability, a random experiment is one that has random outcomes that cannot be predicted exactly.

Question 14

In probability, the result of an experiment is called

A)the end product
B)an outcome
C)the answer
D)the product

Question 15

In statistics, one way of showing the range of values and their frequency is by showing a mean value.

Question 16

In statistics, something with a large number of data points is commonly called a

A)population
B)group
C)data set
D)sample

Question 17

There are basically two types of observation errors:

A)personal and professional.
B)systemic and random.
C)partial and complete.
D)visual and measured.

Question 18

Random errors

A)can be detected and avoided by properly calibrating instruments.
B)are generated by a number of unpredictable variations.
C)rarely occur in a properly designed experiment.
D)can be removed from the data set through proper statistical analysis.

Question 19

This question has four possible answers listed below and only one of them is correct.If you select one at random, what is the probability that you pick the correct answer?

A)0.75
B)0.50
C)0.25
D)0.10

Question 20

This question has four possible answers listed below and only one of them is correct.If you select one at random, what are the odds that you pick the correct answer?

A)1:2
B)1:3
C)1:4
D)1:5

Question 21

For normal distribution, what percentage of the data will fall in the interval of one standard deviation above and below the mean?

A)50%
B)65%
C)68%
D)95%

Question 22

For any probability distribution, the sum of probabilities is always

A)0
B)0.5
C)1
D)equal to the standard deviation.

Question 23

A common way of measuring the dispersion of data is by calculating the

A)spread
B)scattering
C)mode
D)variance

Question 24

The area under a normal distribution curve should always be equal to

A)1
B)0
C)the standard deviation.
D)the arithmetic mean.

Question 25

The detailed shape of a normal-distribution curve is determined by its mean and standard deviation values.An experiment with a small standard deviation will produce a tall, narrow curve; whereas a large standard deviation will result in a short, wide curve.

Question 26

The standard deviation is

A)the square root of the variance.
B)the square of the variance.
C)the root mean squared of the variance.
D)the absolute value of the variance.

Question 27

A probability distribution shows the probability values for the occurrence of the outcomes of an experiment.A probability distribution that has a bell-shaped curve is called a normal distribution.

Question 28

Median is the value in the middle of a data.It is that value that separates the higher half of the data from its lower half.

Question 29

A list of temperature readings (in degrees Celsius) is shown below.Calculate the variance for these data:
72, 76, 81, 69, 73, 76, 75, 82, 83, 68, 69, 76, 74, 65, 62

Question 30

For normal distribution, what percentage of the data will fall in the interval of two standard deviations above and below the mean?

A)50%
B)65%
C)68%
D)95%

Question 31

The probability distribution for many engineering experiments is approximated by

A)the average (mean) value of the data.
B)a normal distribution.
C)the standard deviation.
D)none of the above.

Question 32

A list of temperature readings (in degrees Celsius) is shown below.Calculate the standard deviation for these data:
72, 76, 81, 69, 73, 76, 75, 82, 83, 68, 69, 76, 74, 65, 62

Question 33

A list of temperature readings (in degrees Celsius) is shown below.Calculate the median temperature:
72, 76, 81, 69, 73, 76, 75, 82, 83, 68, 69, 76, 74, 65, 62

Question 34

In statistics, it is customary to normalize the mean and the standard deviation values of an experiment and work with what is called the standard normal distribution, which has a mean value of zero and a standard deviation value of 1.

Question 35

A list of temperature readings (in degrees Celsius) is shown below.Calculate the mean temperature:
72, 76, 81, 69, 73, 76, 75, 82, 83, 68, 69, 76, 74, 65, 62

Question 36

The arithmetic average of a list of numbers is known as the

A)median
B)mode
C)mean
D)root mean squared