Deck 2: Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia,1500–1700

Question 1

In 1488,____ and his crew rounded the Cape of Good Hope.

A)Amerigo Vespucci
B)Bartholomew Dias
C)Ferdinand Magellan
D)Vasco da Gama
E)John Cabot

Answer 1

Bartholomew Dias

Question 2

Prester John was a(n)

A)European convert to Islam.
B)English spy.
C)mythical Christian African ruler.
D)medieval bishop of Milan.
E)exceptionally skilled sea captain.

Answer 2

mythical Christian African ruler.

Question 3

After rounding the Cape of Good Hope,Vasco da Gama referred to what source to guide him from the East African coast to the western coast of India?

A)Arabic charts and navigational guides
B)Charts used by Zheng He
C)Greek maps translated into Latin
D)Charts designed by Henry the Navigator
E)Descriptions of Marco Polo

Answer 3

Arabic charts and navigational guides

Question 4

As trade and commercial interaction increased between Europe,Africa,and South and East Asia,who displaced the Portuguese as the main European player in Indian Ocean commerce?

A)The English
B)The Dutch
C)The Spanish
D)The French
E)The Russians

Question 5

Which county's international networks were traditionally land-based?

A)Siam
B)Japan
C)India
D)East Africa
E)West Africa

Question 6

The ____ dynasty reached the height of its glory under the Emperor Akbar.

A)Solanki
B)Ganga
C)Chalukya
D)Mughal
E)Gupta

Question 7

In the mid-fifteenth century,the Portuguese began cultivating ____ on Atlantic islands.

A)wheat
B)rice
C)sugar
D)cotton
E)tobacco

Question 8

The Portuguese's motive for seeking an all-water route to Asia was to

A)establish colonies in the East Indies.
B)wrestle control of Australia from England.
C)Christianize Japan and Korea.
D)challenge the emerging power of the Dutch.
E)better compete with the Muslim intermediaries who controlled the land routes through western Asia and Africa.

Question 9

The Portuguese conquest of Kilwa allowed them to take control of the ____ trade into the Indian Ocean from East Africa.

A)iron
B)ivory
C)slave
D)salt
E)gold

Question 10

The ____ pioneered the direct oceanic route from Europe to Asia.

A)English
B)Dutch
C)Portuguese
D)French
E)Spanish

Question 11

At its height,Mughal India was home to ____ million people.

A)540
B)320
C)7.3
D)100
E)15

Question 12

Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach ____ by sailing around Africa.

A)Korea
B)Vietnam
C)Japan
D)China
E)India

Question 13

According to Matteo Ricci,what was an important difference between China and Europe?

A)China was ruled by philosophers.
B)China was much more aggressive.
C)China had a smaller population.
D)China was relatively poor.
E)China had a small and disorganized military.

Question 14

As the Portuguese explored West Africa,their goal was to divert the ____ that had been so important to the Moroccan Muslims.

A)slave trade
B)gold
C)increase in the spread of Islam
D)Chinese trade
E)sub-Saharan

Question 15

Although the Portuguese were considered rude and unfit to trade with,what gave them an edge in establishing themselves in the Indian Ocean?

A)Impressive gifts to various leaders
B)Ports they docked at that were subject to Christian rulers
C)Ship-mounted cannons
D)Byzantine aid
E)Promises to convert to Islam in return for trade

Question 16

The Portuguese insulted the Muslims they came into contact with by displaying ____ on their sails.

A)Portuguese flags
B)crescents
C)the pope's holy insignia
D)Crusader crosses
E)cross and bones

Question 17

Ricci belonged to what order of Christian missionaries?

A)Dominicans
B)Franciscans
C)Cluny
D)Jesuits
E)Flagellants

Question 18

From Ricci's point of view,the most important thing China lacked was

A)a modern language.
B)an aggressive leadership.
C)religious truth.
D)control of the elite class.
E)Western dress.

Question 19

What was true of King Alfonso Mvemba a Nzinga?

A)He converted to Christianity.
B)He refused to allow Europeans in his kingdom.
C)He abolished the slave trade in his kingdom.
D)He ordered his son to become a Muslim.
E)He was murdered by Christian slave traders.

Question 20

In the sixteenth century,Ethiopia was a(n)____ country.

A)Jewish
B)Buddhist
C)Hindu
D)Christian
E)Muslim

Question 21

Why was the Spanish city of Manila important to the emerging trans-Pacific trade?

A)Mexican silver brought to Manila flowed into the Indian Ocean trade.
B)Manila became the main Spanish naval center for the Pacific Spanish empire.
C)A major missionary effort began in Manila to correspond with the new trade network.
D)Manila's presence helped to destroy Dutch and Portuguese trade in the Philippines.
E)Manila was a trade depot for the growing slave trade.

Question 22

In 1641,the ____ seized Malacca and its profitable straits from the Portuguese.

A)French
B)English
C)Spanish
D)Dutch
E)Chinese

Question 23

From the Ming point of view,which people would be considered an "outer barbarian"?

A)The Tibetans
B)The Mongolians
C)The Koreans
D)The Japanese
E)The Spanish

Question 24

The Mughal revenue system

A)favored small farmers over wealthy merchants.
B)was invented by Nur Jahan.
C)was abandoned by Akbar.
D)alienated local rulers.
E)was controlled from the top.

Question 25

What was the overall effect of the Atlantic slave trade?

A)It allowed an increase in the production of sugar.
B)It never altered the traditional trade in foreign goods in Southeast Asia.
C)It had a major effect on the overall population of Africa.
D)It caused little change in interactions between Africans and Europeans.
E)It ended the typical occurrence of African warfare among tribes.

Question 26

The zezana was the ____ at the Mughal court.

A)women's quarters
B)judicial chamber
C)ruler's inner sanctum
D)receiving room
E)treasure room

Question 27

The Confucian social order was based on

A)ancient Chinese religious concepts.
B)strict hierarchical relationships.
C)notions of equality and egalitarianism.
D)the organization of nomadic communities.
E)markets, commerce, and profit.

Question 28

In 1571 Ming officials decided that all tax payments must be made in

A)grain.
B)gold.
C)silver.
D)salt.
E)jade.

Question 29

The early Portuguese search for profits from African gold was soon replaced by

A)developing sugar plantations in Africa.
B)advancing the tea trade.
C)trade in exotic foods from Africa.
D)the slave trade.
E)lumber exports from Africa's interior.

Question 30

Nur Jahan took a special interest in

A)promoting trade.
B)spreading Islam.
C)establishing cultural links with Europe.
D)military technology.
E)all things African.

Question 31

What was the concern of King Afonso when he wrote to the King of Portugal?

A)The Kongo kingdom was not getting a fair share in the slave trade.
B)Portugal was taxing the Kongo unfairly.
C)European Christians had lost interest in spreading the faith.
D)His son had not been received in the Lisbon court.
E)He had not received a Portuguese emissary.

Question 32

Akbar demonstrated his commitment to religious toleration by

A)renouncing Islam.
B)eliminating all taxes on his Hindu subjects.
C)promising to leave India within ten years.
D)converting to Hinduism.
E)cancelling a special tax on non-Muslims.

Question 33

By 1582,the population of China had reached

A)50 million.
B)500,000,000.
C)10 million.
D)1 million.
E)120 million.

Question 34

What was the largest commercial enterprise of the seventeenth century?

A)The Dutch East India Company
B)The British East India Company
C)The Royal Africa Company
D)The British West India Company
E)The Virginia Company

Question 35

What best describes the Kongo kingdom,founded by the Portuguese in 1483?

A)It was a poverty-ridden collection of villages.
B)It was led by a chaotic ruling family.
C)It was plagued by an underdeveloped economic system.
D)It demonstrated a hostile attitude toward Europeans.
E)It was a society that appeared to be open to European connections.

Question 36

Which emperors resided in the Forbidden City?

A)Mughal
B)Ming
C)Han
D)Gupta
E)Safavid

Question 37

Who dominated Mughal politics during the reign of Jahangir?

A)Akbar
B)Nur Jahan
C)Aurangzeb
D)Shah Jahan
E)Humayun

Question 38

Agriculture provided ____ percent of Mughal tax revenue.

A)10
B)30
C)50
D)70
E)90

Question 39

What played a key role in stimulating the Indian Ocean economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

A)The use of slaves
B)Joint-stock companies
C)The introduction of silver from mines in the Americas
D)New and efficient ships
E)Competition between European powers

Question 40

People taken captive during King Afonso's wars might have experienced all of these consequences EXCEPT

A)being killed.
B)becoming part of Kongo society.
C)being held for ransom.
D)being kept as dependent workers.
E)being enslaved and exported.

Question 41

Martin Luther was especially repelled by which church action?

A)Organizing the Crusades
B)Iconology
C)The selling of indulgences
D)Separation of Christianity into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
E)Choosing the pope from a gathering of cardinals

Question 42

When Ricci arrived in China,he first associated with Buddhist monks,but discovered that to make contact with important court officials who were close to the emperor,he would have to

A)shave his head.
B)grow a beard.
C)change his appearance and dress.
D)learn to speak Chinese.
E)present lavish and very rich gifts to the emperor.

Question 43

Ricci's most influential publication was

A)"Chinese Scholar."
B)"Western Scholar."
C)"Divine Faith."
D)The Great Encounter of China and the West.
E)The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven.

Question 44

From 1418 to 1450,Korea was ruled by

A)the Lê dynasty.
B)Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
C)Emperor Sejong.
D)the Wanli Emperor.
E)the Tokugawa Clan.

Question 45

Some Church authorities disagreed with Ricci on the compatibility of which Chinese tradition and Christianity?

A)The divinity of the emperor
B)Heaven and hell
C)Confucian laws of morality
D)Veneration of ancestors
E)Buddhist goal of nirvana

Question 46

The treatment of girls reinforced a strict Confucian view that females should be

A)allowed to read histories.
B)equal to men in the household.
C)allowed to remarry if widowed young.
D)held to a strict gender hierarchy.
E)head of the household upon the death of their husbands.

Question 47

How did Ricci see Neo-Confucianism?

A)As a form of Christianity
B)As a distortion of Confucianism
C)As an improvement over Confucianism
D)As a form of devil worship
E)As the true faith

Question 48

The main emphasis of the Neo-Confucian philosophy was that

A)a sage is produced after years of close observation of the external world.
B)Islam, Christianity, and Judaism were false religions.
C)all classes were intellectually equal.
D)everyone is born with innate knowledge.
E)the moral constraints of Confucianism did not create a person of impeccable character.

Question 49

Sixteenth-century Japan lacked

A)a centralized government.
B)stability after the rise of the Tokugawa shogunate.
C)commercial activity.
D)artistic innovation.
E)commercial ties to Korea, Vietnam, and China.

Question 50

During the Ashikaga period,most Japanese samurai were ____.

A)Confucians.
B)Zen Buddhists.
C)Manicheans.
D)Hindus.
E)Christians.

Question 51

Sufis practiced a(n)

A)radical form of Confucianism.
B)orthodox form of Hinduism.
C)secular form of Islam.
D)innovative type of Buddhism.
E)mystical form of Islam.

Question 52

A major focus of the Catholic Reformation was

A)reducing the total number of clergy.
B)seeking common ground with Protestants.
C)translating the Bible into vernacular languages.
D)limiting the power of the pope.
E)the training of priests.

Question 53

As a young ruler,the Wanli Emperor helped turn back an invasion from

A)Afghanistan.
B)India.
C)Mongolia.
D)Tibet.
E)Japan.

Question 54

After meeting and listening with representatives of many religious leaders and followers,Akbar proclaimed his belief in

A)Sufism.
B)Protestantism.
C)Buddhism.
D)"Divine Faith."
E)Zoroastrianism.

Question 55

Ricci feared the appeal of Christianity in China would be limited by what church demand?

A)All Chinese must be baptized.
B)All Chinese must abandon their loyalty to the emperor.
C)Chinese must abandon their ancestral shrines.
D)The civil service examinations were eliminated.
E)Emperors must be buried with slain slaves and servants in elaborate tombs.

Question 56

Which event foretold the decline of the Ming dynasty?

A)The Wanli Emperor was assassinated.
B)The royal court became influenced by eunuchs and uneducated personal servants.
C)The Chinese army harassed merchants on the roads.
D)Money, earmarked for road and canal improvements, was diverted.
E)Agricultural surpluses declined and granaries were empty.

Question 57

Samurai warriors were ____ military retainers.

A)Chinese
B)Japanese
C)Korean
D)Vietnamese
E)Cambodian

Question 58

Korea was able to repel a Japanese invasion by the successful use of

A)flame throwers.
B)large numbers of samurai soldiers.
C)ramming ships.
D)turtle ships.
E)Mongol military tactics.

Question 59

Wang Yangming stressed

A)the wickedness of Catholicism.
B)the possibility of immortality.
C)the equality of men and women.
D)close observation of the external world.
E)self-reflection.

Question 60

The Japanese emperor

A)had the strong support of the military.
B)was a strong religious leader.
C)had power because he had the support of Ming China.
D)as a Buddhist, had great power over his people.
E)was a symbolic leader with no real power.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms
Land-based empires

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Great Encounter

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Yuan dynasty

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
Nur Jahan

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Vasco da Gama

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
Joint-stock companies

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Bourgeoisie

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Zezana

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
Fort Jesus,Mombasa

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
"Barbarian" rule

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
Emperor Akbar

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Forbidden City

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Philosophers

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
"Inner barbarians"

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
Ming dynasty

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Kongo kingdom

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
Dutch East India Company

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Malacca

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Mughal dynasty

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
Gentlemen