Deck 5: The Atlantic System: Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 1550–1807

Question 1

A focal point of African Islam was ____,where traders engaged in salt,gold and slaves.

A)the Sahara
B)the Sahel
C)the Kola
D)the Great Niger River
E)Timbuktu

Answer 1

the Sahel

Question 2

The end of the Songhai empire was the result of

A)the invasion and conquest by Morocco.
B)Portuguese interference in Songhai trade in the Indian Ocean.
C)defeat by the armies of the Ottoman empire.
D)a takeover by Omani Arabs.
E)internal political turbulence.

Answer 2

the invasion and conquest by Morocco.

Question 3

The fate of most Africans sent to the Americas in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was tied to the

A)tobacco and cotton plantations in North America.
B)lumbering investments in Brazil.
C)gold mines of Mexico.
D)sugar plantations of the West Indies.
E)silver mines in Peru.

Answer 3

sugar plantations of the West Indies.

Question 4

In the Great Lakes region of Africa,wealth was associated with

A)land.
B)the number of wives a man could support.
C)cattle.
D)the number of children in a household.
E)slaves captured or purchased.

Question 5

How many Africans are estimated to have been transported out of Africa into slavery between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries?

A)One million
B)Twelve million
C)Twenty million
D)Five million

Question 6

African history had ancient connections to all of these places EXCEPT

A)the Red Sea.
B)Asia.
C)the Indian Ocean.
D)the Americas.
E)Europe.

Question 7

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano was unique for its time because it

A)was an African description of slavery.
B)was a firsthand narrative about a slave-ship captain.
C)documents the church's attitude about the slave issue.
D)describes a slave rebellion.
E)is a description of an African village after a slave raid.

Question 8

Kimpa Vita was tried for heresy and burned at the stake because she

A)was against the Jesuit missionaries.
B)wanted the people of the Kongo to unite under a new king.
C)attracted many Muslims to her doctrines.
D)claimed that the capital San Salvador was evil and ordered it burned to the ground.
E)claimed that Christ and the apostles were black men who had lived and died in the Kongo.

Question 9

What was the fate of women captured by African slave raiders?

A)They were incorporated into the kin network of the slave trader.
B)They were primarily sold abroad.
C)They were married off to other slaves and forces to reproduce.
D)They were typically released into freedom.
E)They were usually sold within West African slave markets.

Question 10

Equiano's description of the Middle Passage includes all of these details EXCEPT

A)the cries of the dying slaves.
B)heavy chains that held the Africans captive.
C)the presence of religious figures.
D)an overpowering stench.
E)overcrowded conditions.

Question 11

One of the areas that provided contact with African Islam involved the Swahili coast,which witnessed competition between the Sultan of Oman and

A)Persia.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Portugal.
E)the Dutch.

Question 12

The Sahel is an arid region found ____ the Sahara Desert.

A)north of
B)east of
C)surrounding
D)west of
E)south of

Question 13

Which nation in Africa had a long history with the Christian world,long before the coming of the Portuguese?

A)Ethiopia
B)Kongo
C)Rwanda
D)Buganda
E)Niger

Question 14

Equiano's life involved all the following except being a(n)

A)sailor.
B)leader in the black community.
C)slave owner.
D)active abolitionist.
E)slave.

Question 15

Resistance to the slave system was demonstrated in

A)a marked decline in West African warfare.
B)the absence of tension between European powers.
C)positive demographic results in the Americas.
D)the growing number and intensity of slave rebellions in the British colonies in North America.
E)the abolitionist movement in England.

Question 16

As a source,Equiano's Interesting Narrative has been disputed because

A)there are some doubts that he was ever a slave.
B)his literacy is in doubt.
C)he may not have been African.
D)it is possible he fabricated the early sections.
E)there is no evidence that he even existed.

Question 17

The triangular trade did all the following EXCEPT

A)sent Africans to the Americas.
B)sent manufactured goods from Africa to Europe and America.
C)sent sugar from the Americas to Europe.
D)financed and stimulated investments in the Americas.
E)exported manufactured goods from Europe to the Americas.

Question 18

African societies were ____,which meant a child inherits the lineage status of his or her ____.

A)class-based; parents
B)caste societies; parents
C)matrilineal; mother
D)kin-based; clan elders
E)patrilineal; father

Question 19

The most basic relationship that tied the African,American,and European societies together and which characterized the Atlantic system was

A)religious.
B)the creation of an empire.
C)the search for a Northwest Passage to the Far East.
D)scientific knowledge.
E)economic.

Question 20

What demonstrates the connection between the African Songhai empire and Islam?

A)The Askias' patronage of Sahel trade
B)The Sankore Hospital in Timbuktu
C)Songhai Muslims' hajj to Arabia
D)Muslim's scholarly study of African history
E)Village ritual practices

Question 21

How did Equiano receive his freedom?

A)He ran away.
B)He purchased it.
C)He moved to a state where slavery was illegal.
D)His master stated in his will that Equiano be freed.
E)He was protected and delivered to a safe haven by Quakers.

Question 22

The economic geography of West Africa began a slow,long-term shift away from ____ and toward the coast.

A)North Africa
B)sub-Saharan areas
C)the Niger River
D)the interior
E)the east

Question 23

Runaway slaves in North America were most likely to pursue safety with Amerindian populations.Such was the case when Africans assimilated with Creek society in

A)Dutch Suriname.
B)British Jamaica.
C)Spanish Florida.
D)French Louisiana.
E)British Georgia.

Question 24

What advantage did the Africans have that actually became a tragic disadvantage?

A)Passive nature
B)Willingness to convert to Islam and Christianity
C)Resistance to European diseases
D)Resistance to tropical diseases
E)Resistance to European and tropical diseases

Question 25

The exchange of slaves from Africa,manufactured goods from Europe,and products such as sugar,tobacco and lumber from the colonies is know as

A)Mercantilism
B)Middle Passage
C)Atlantic exchange
D)Globalization
E)The triangular trade

Question 26

The population of Africans in the Caribbean

A)increased as additional slaves were imported.
B)decreased as harsh work and infertility took a toll.
C)increased as female slaves had children.
D)decreased as slaves ran away.
E)increased as Africans and Amerindians mixed, strengthening the gene pool.

Question 27

Religion was the area where Africans could best resist the torment of slavery by

A)refusing to be converted into Christians.
B)transferring their African religion in total to the Americas.
C)transforming African gods into Christian saints.
D)ignoring preachers' sermons that emphasized obedience.
E)translating the Bible into various African languages.

Question 28

Maroon communities were composed of

A)Amerindians.
B)free Africans.
C)runaway slaves.
D)slave communities supervised by Jesuits.
E)free farmers with small family farms.

Question 29

In his writings,Equiano describes the life of a free African in

A)Baltimore.
B)Boston.
C)New York.
D)Atlanta.
E)Savannah.

Question 30

Why did Europe and Asia experience population surges in the eighteenth century?

A)People became more resistant to disease.
B)The smallpox epidemic ended.
C)The economy was prosperous, and people were better able to support larger families.
D)New food crops from the Americas helped to improve health.
E)They experienced a large influx of immigrants as the world globalized.

Question 31

The strenuous work of slaves to turn cane into sugar involved

A)milling the sugarcane into powder.
B)planting cane in spring; harvesting in fall.
C)using large copper kettles to boil down the liquid into sugar.
D)providing opportunities for slaves to earn some extra money for themselves
E)rotating slaves out of the back-breaking work to preserve their strength and health.

Question 32

Slavery was always part of human history,but how had it changed by the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

A)Slavery involved increased cruelty during this time.
B)Only males had been used in early slave societies.
C)Slaves had always been able to achieve freedom.
D)Early slavery did not involve Africans.
E)Slavery shifted from "societies with slaves" to "slave societies."

Question 33

Candomblé and Santeria religions both

A)deviate from African and Christian traditions.
B)stress the divine qualities in children.
C)seek unity with nature.
D)follow the African tradition of recognizing women's spiritual qualities.
E)practice flagellation and human sacrifice.

Question 34

What did the British use to buy slaves from Africans?

A)Tea
B)Cattle
C)Opium
D)Currency
E)Furs

Question 35

Absentee ownership became common on Caribbean plantations,and overseeing slave labor was sometimes performed by

A)loyal slaves who received better living conditions and wages.
B)imported mercenary soldiers.
C)lower-status European immigrants.
D)the master's private army.
E)Jesuit priests and the members of their Amerindian schools.

Question 36

Africans' resistance to slavery included all of these strategies EXCEPT

A)individual violence against masters.
B)frequent large-scale rebellions.
C)ridicule of the master hidden in traditional African songs.
D)running away.
E)African stories that included the insult of the master hidden in the content.

Question 37

Which of these statements about slavery is FALSE?

A)Pennsylvania was a slave society.
B)A society with slaves is one in which slavery is not at the very heart of the social order and economic life.
C)Many societies allow for slavery, but do not depend on it as the central means of order or for producing goods.
D)Brazil was a slave society.
E)A slave society is one in which slavery is at the heart of social and economic life.

Question 38

The city of Timbuktu had all of these qualities EXCEPT

A)It was located on the Niger River.
B)Its importance in the trans-Saharan trade dates to the thirteenth century.
C)The goods that were transported to the city were carried by slaves because of the lack of draft animals at that time.
D)The Sankore Mosque, located in the city, was a center of learning.
E)The city was the center of wealth and power in the Songhai empire.

Question 39

Many African leaders became involved in the slave trade to

A)protect their territories from European developers.
B)keep their own people from being enslaved.
C)become involved in religious wars.
D)unite various tribes against Europeans.
E)acquire guns, which became the base of wealth.

Question 40

What was the fate of Asante kingdom prisoners of war before the rise of the Atlantic slave trade?

A)Potentially going home through prisoner exchanges
B)Human sacrifice
C)Marriage to poor widows
D)Military service
E)Lifelong imprisonment

Question 41

Equiano described his lifelong experience with

A)the American Carolinas.
B)the sea.
C)being a merchant so he could observe the conditions of Africans during the Middle Passage.
D)Christianity.
E)the histories of African empires.

Question 42

Many uprooted people spent their lives at sea in the Atlantic Ocean.Among these were

A)people who were kidnapped and forced to serve on ships.
B)unmarried poor women.
C)landed gentry.
D)imprisoned colonials.
E)transplants from India.

Question 43

The high point of slavery coincided with other important events in world history.What was one of these events?

A)Portugal became the leading world power.
B)The Dutch became the world's greatest naval power.
C)Advanced military methods and technology made warfare less expensive and more widespread.
D)The Atlantic world became a transcultural zone where many could make fortunes.
E)England and Portugal were locked in a near-constant conflict.

Question 44

What was true about  the kingdom of Dahomey?

A)In Dahomey, slaves were used in religious rituals similar to the Maya.
B)At its high point, Dahomey used the slave trade to advance its military and state interests.
C)Dahomey women were honored for bearing males who became warriors.
D)The Dahomey people honored Mino, the god of war.
E)Europeans referred to male Dahomey warriors as Amazons.

Question 45

By the ____ century,the Atlantic Ocean had become a dense network for the exchange of people,goods,plants,animals,diseases,and ideas.

A)eighteenth
B)seventeenth
C)twentieth
D)nineteenth
E)sixteenth

Question 46

A major fishing area for fishermen from New England,as well as Europe,was the Grand Banks found off the coast of

A)Newfoundland.
B)Cape Cod.
C)Boston.
D)Maine.
E)Greenland.

Question 47

Which area of slavery was downplayed by Equiano?

A)Slaves sold to Asia
B)European slavery
C)Indigenous slavery
D)Freed slaves
E)Slaves who converted to Islam

Question 48

In the late eighteenth century,abolitionism was

A)started in America and moved to England.
B)opposed by the church, which could justify slavery in the Bible.
C)unpopular with the general British public.
D)opposed by a powerful lobby.
E)a strong and growing movement in England.

Question 49

Slaves in British America labored on rice,tobacco and indigo plantations,but unlike slaves in other parts of the Americas and the Caribbean,they

A)had higher mortality rates.
B)had a higher percentage of males than females.
C)were permitted to marry.
D)they had lower fertility rates.
E)had a much better diet.

Question 50

How did the system of slavery change in West Africa after the advent of the Atlantic slave trade?

A)Cowrie shells were harvested and used as currency to buy slaves in West Africa.
B)Masters/owners now had the option of selling slaves for cash.
C)Slaves were increasingly integrated into masters' families to prevent them from fleeing.
D)Slaves had more opportunities to buy their freedom at slave markets.
E)African warriors who traded slaves lost status.

Question 51

The Seven Years' War involved England and France at war in

A)Canada, the Ohio River Valley, and Europe.
B)India, Canada, and Europe.
C)Africa, Canada, and Europe.
D)the Ohio River Valley, Africa, and Europe.
E)Europe, the Ohio River Valley, and India.

Question 52

The practice of incorporating dependent outsiders into a family or clan is called

A)fictive kinship.
B)clan extension.
C)infanticide.
D)patrilineage.
E)slavery.

Question 53

In the Spanish Americas,runaway slaves fared better than in other places because

A)those regions had ended slavery.
B)the demand for labor there was so high that runaways could easily find work.
C)the Spanish assumed all men were free unless proven otherwise, making it easier for runaways to pass as free men.
D)the Spanish Americas had no fugitive slave laws demanding recapture of runaways.
E)there was a large Catholic community that helped hide runaway slaves.

Question 54

Although British mercantilism was applied to the sugar produced in their Caribbean colonies,it generally failed because

A)of serious competition from Spanish sugar producers.
B)of interference from the French navy in the trade routes.
C)producers of sugar made greater profits by selling their sugar to the Dutch.
D)worldwide sugar prices were unstable.
E)New England merchants traded directly with sugar planters in the area.

Question 55

Traditional African institutions were NOT affected by the Atlantic slave market in which way?

A)Warfare increased.
B)A climate of insecurity developed.
C)Centralized political systems broke down.
D)African merchants gained immense wealth and power.
E)African political leaders extended their power.

Question 56

British mercantilism regulated colonial trade by

A)determining what colonial manufacturers and farmers should produce.
B)stationing commerce agents at every port.
C)determining which countries the colonies could trade with.
D)limiting producers, merchants, and shippers to the home country's markets.
E)imposing a tax on all items produced in the colonies.

Question 57

Slaves traveling on the Middle Passage were required to participate in what physical activity as exercise?

A)Calisthenics
B)Tossing a ball with crew members
C)Jumping jacks
D)Beating other slaves
E)Dancing

Question 58

Taxes imposed on the British colonies in North America after the French and Indian War were intended to

A)reimburse Britain for the losses in sugar profits caused by American pirates.
B)provide funds for Britain to carry on the Seven Years' War in Europe.
C)repay Britain for the money spent on protecting the colonies from France.
D)use in exchange for colonials not serving in the British military.
E)invest in American ventures in the new West.

Question 59

How was the cod industry related to slavery?

A)Slaves were a source of cheap ship labor.
B)The processing of cod was performed by slaves.
C)Cod was a cheap source of protein and salt fed to slaves.
D)Cod was a part of the global trade network, which included slavery.
E)The industry provided profits to New England, who purchased slaves to work in New England mills.

Question 60

The triangular trade involved Europe,Africa,and

A)India.
B)the colonial Americas.
C)North America.
D)China.
E)Brazil.

Question 61

Parliament abolished the British slave trade in

A)1772.
B)1789.
C)1807.
D)1808.
E)1810.

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Bantu

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Kimpa Vita

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
Igbo

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Niger River

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
Great Lakes region

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
The sultan of Oman

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Olaudah Equiano

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
slave society

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Sahel

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
Songhai empire

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Timbuktu

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Askias

Question 74

The growth of abolitionism in England was fueled by

A)England's Catholic heritage.
B)fear of slave revolts.
C)Enlightenment thinking and England's proud history of its Bill of Rights.
D)the rising costs of owning and maintaining slaves.
E)new legislation in Parliament banning slavery in the colonies.

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
"society with slaves"

Question 76

The impact of the poem about the consumption of sugar by the abolitionist,William Cowper,

A)brought reactions from the Anglican Church.
B)made individual British subjects feel personally responsible for slavery.
C)had no impact.
D)cut the consumption of whiskey.
E)stopped the slave trade by British slave merchants.

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
Atlantic plantation system

Question 78

Which of these statements about abolitionism is FALSE?

A)Legal debates concerned slavery and property rights.
B)Wilberforce pushed to eliminate the slave trade alone and not the condition of slavery because a limited agenda had a better chance of being passed by Parliament.
C)Equiano became an active political leader in abolitionism.
D)The radicalism of the French Revolution made reform a suspicious item to the British government.
E)Equiano became associated with radical abolitionists.

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

Question 80

How did the abolitionist movement affect Equiano?

A)Interesting Narrative became popular and he was invited on speaking tours.
B)After arriving in England, he was imprisoned as a runaway slave.
C)He felt empowered to run away and seek his freedom.
D)He converted to the Quaker faith.
E)His renown led to his marriage to an African woman and former slave.