Deck 8: Revolutions in the West, 1750–1830

Question 1

While viewing Rome from a hilltop,Simón Bolívar swore to help his nation to break its chains with

A)Portugal.
B)Cuba.
C)Spain.
D)America.
E)Britain.

Answer 1

Spain.

Question 2

After the French and Indian War,the British were faced with

A)Indian raids in the Newfoundland area.
B)problems caused by American attacks on Canadian territory.
C)American attacks on British forts on the Great Lakes.
D)Indian uprisings in the Ohio Valley.
E)a possible alliance between the French and Americans over Canada.

Answer 2

Indian uprisings in the Ohio Valley.

Question 3

The American Declaration of Independence is based on the theories put forth by

A)Locke.
B)Hobbes.
C)Descartes.
D)Montesquieu.
E)Newton.

Answer 3

Locke.

Question 4

As Simón Bolívar looked at the city of Rome from atop a hill,he thought that as great as the Roman empire had once been,____ had never been one of its goals.

A)humanity
B)democracy
C)equality
D)religious tolerance
E)laissez faire

Question 5

When did Bolívar first go to Europe?

A)1799
B)1812
C)1824
D)1850
E)1875

Question 6

The formation of the Continental Congress of 1775 was the result of all the following EXCEPT

A)the suspension of the Massachusetts Charter.
B)disbanding the Massachusetts legislature.
C)assigning a British governor to govern the Massachusetts colony.
D)the organization of colonial militias.
E)the Declaration of Independence.

Question 7

Where the American President George Washington identified himself with the republican period of Rome,Napoleon preferred

A)imperial Rome.
B)classical Greece.
C)the Ottoman empire.
D)Qing dynasty.
E)medieval Rome.

Question 8

Which document states,"men […] are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights,[and] among these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"?

A)The Constitution of the United States
B)The Bill of Rights
C)The Magna Charta
D)The Declaration of Independence
E)The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 9

Which document states,"men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?

A)The Constitution of the United States
B)The Bill of Rights
C)The Magna Charta
D)The Declaration of Independence
E)The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 10

Simon Bolívar was inspired to act as a liberator mostly by the ____ Revolution.

A)American
B)Russian
C)French
D)Haitian
E)English

Question 11

The American Constitution failed in achieving the highest aspirations of the Enlightenment when it compromised on

A)gender.
B)equality.
C)titles of nobility.
D)divine right.
E)hierarchal leadership.

Question 12

The American Constitution provided an example of

A)an enlightened monarchy.
B)a classless society.
C)limited yet effective government.
D)constitutional monarchy.
E)laissez faire.

Question 13

The first gunfire of the American Revolution occurred in

A)Boston, Massachusetts.
B)Boston Harbor.
C)New York.
D)Concord, Massachusetts.
E)Philadelphia.

Question 14

The Declaration of Independence goes beyond the Enlightenment idea of popular sovereignty because it asserts that

A)rebellion is never an accepted reaction to poor government.
B)government military action is sometimes necessary to provide for security.
C)colonial unrest will result in political despotism.
D)a people can throw off a government and provide new securities for their future existence.
E)all males, regardless of property ownership, should have right to participate in political affairs.

Question 15

At the end of Bolívar's life,a biographer described his story as one of "liberation and

A)failure."
B)ultimate success."
C)dictatorship."
D)disappointment."
E)enlightenment."

Question 16

The French and Indian War was the name in North America for the war the Europeans called the

A)French Revolution.
B)Seven Years' War.
C)Hundred Years' War.
D)War of the Two Roses.
E)Glorious Revolution.

Question 17

The Continental Congress convened after the

A)Boston Tea Party.
B)battle at Concord, Massachusetts.
C)French Revolution.
D)Haitian Revolution.
E)Proclamation of 1763.

Question 18

Which American document(s)illustrated and expressed the fundamental principles of the Enlightenment?

A)Colonial charters
B)Declaration of Independence
C)U.S. Constitution
D)Franco-American treaty
E)Treaty of Paris

Question 19

Acclaimed throughout South America as a liberator,Bolívar was born in

A)Bolivia.
B)Mexico.
C)Ecuador.
D)Venezuela.
E)Nicaragua.

Question 20

Latin American and Caribbean revolutionaries believed that rationality and reason would produce

A)new economic systems.
B)a classless society.
C)indigenous monarchies.
D)new political and social systems based on the ideas of the Enlightenment.
E)a political system completely free of peninsular and native-born Spaniards.

Question 21

Which weapon became a symbol of the French Revolution?

A)The guillotine
B)The machine gun
C)The longbow
D)The cannon
E)The battering ram

Question 22

The Second Estate was comprised mostly of the

A)nobility.
B)church officials.
C)radical republicans.
D)wealthy and educated members of the middle class.
E)military officers.

Question 23

What might have made the original American Constitution seem undemocratic?

A)The executive department had power over the legislative department.
B)Voting rights were left to the states, which enforced voting restrictions dependent on property.
C)Only married men and women with property were given citizenship status.
D)The Bill of Rights made America a Christian nation.
E)The population of each state would determine representation the Senate and the House.

Question 24

In the French Revolution,who claimed women were controlled by the perpetual tyranny of men?

A)George Washington
B)Napoleon
C)Olympe de Gouges
D)Maximilien Robespierre
E)Louis XVI

Question 25

Who described the era following the birth of a new nation in these terms:  "an epoch when the rights of mankind were better understood and more clearly defined,than at any former period"?

A)Thomas Jefferson
B)Benjamin Franklin
C)John Locke
D)Thomas Hobbes
E)George Washington

Question 26

Who warned the Americans against any "permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world"?

A)George Washington
B)Napoleon
C)Thomas Jefferson
D)John Locke
E)Montesquieu

Question 27

Which of these principles was part of the National Assembly's "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen"?

A)The Catholic Church has the right to continue to require tithes from its members.
B)Any propertied male citizens can apply for government positions.
C)Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
D)Taxes must be equally applied to citizens, without regard to their means.
E)Only those rights given by law will be recognized.

Question 28

Which statement about the American Constitution is FALSE?

A)It had a compromise at its core.
B)It was a system of checks and balances, which control the government.
C)It granted powers of taxation to the federal government.
D)It was a democratic document, by today's standards.
E)It failed to settle the issue of slavery.

Question 29

Which group formed most of the First Estate in France on the eve of the French Revolution?

A)Bishops from noble families
B)Farmers
C)Big landowners
D)Rich aristocrats
E)Widows

Question 30

The original goal of the National Assembly was to

A)depose the king.
B)create a government identical to the American system.
C)create a constitutional monarchy.
D)create a classless society.
E)give rights to women.

Question 31

The Estates General could not be considered a fair or democratic assembly of the French people because

A)the church and pope held much of the power.
B)no member of French society below the class of noble could participate.
C)the king could count on the vote of the First and Second Estates.
D)the First and Second Estates voted together, canceling any vote from the Third Estate, which represented the French people.
E)the Third Estate was considered to be a radical body.

Question 32

Which drastically changed the pace of the French Revolution?

A)The reactions of the church and pope
B)The militant reaction of the nobility
C)The violent actions of the poor
D)The king, who called for military action to suppress the National Assembly
E)The army's support of the National Assembly

Question 33

Robespierre envisioned a "Republic of Virtue" based on a

A)society without classes.
B)constitutional monarchy.
C)harsh dictatorship.
D)system that emphasized the general will of the people.
E)society without religion.

Question 34

The National Assembly faced all of these challenges after 1791 EXCEPT

A)a potential military invasion from the Austrian Habsburgs.
B)potential attacks by mercenaries financed by the aristocracy to destroy the National Assembly.
C)severe shortages of grain and a resulting famine.
D)the king's attempted escape France.
E)violent street demonstrations in Paris.

Question 35

Whose philosophy deeply influenced the actions of Robespierre?

A)Rousseau
B)Locke
C)Hobbes
D)Thomas Jefferson
E)Montesquieu

Question 36

The Treaty of Paris (1783)

A)increased the power of the colonial governments.
B)returned Canada to the French.
C)increased the size of the new American nation by the acquisition of the Louisiana territory.
D)recognized the independence of the American colonies by the British.
E)while recognizing the independence of America, freed the slaves in the southern colonies.

Question 37

The final stage of the French Revolution involved

A)radical republicanism.
B)constitutional monarchy.
C)the guillotine.
D)absolute monarchy.
E)the rule of Napoleon.

Question 38

What contributed to the difficulty faced by leaders of the French Revolution in implementing the ideals of the Enlightenment?

A)The resistance of the middle class
B)The anti-revolutionary fervor of the philosophes
C)The revolutions in Latin America
D)An epidemic of plague
E)The efforts of the nobles

Question 39

George Washington refused a third term and retired to his plantation following the example of

A)Napoleon.
B)Cincinnatus.
C)Socrates.
D)Plato.
E)Augustine.

Question 40

After formal recognition by Louis XVI,the National Assembly took all of these actions EXCEPT

A)confiscating church lands.
B)declaring the principle of equality
C)eliminating the special prerogatives of the nobility
D)abolishing serfdom
E)eliminating all feudal obligations of the peasantry

Question 41

In the "Republic of Virtue" envisioned by Robespierre,everyone was to be addressed as ____ in the name of equality.

A)brother
B)cousin
C)republican
D)citizen
E)virtuous

Question 42

What helped spark the civil war in Saint-Domingue?

A)The gens de couleur demanded liberty and equality.
B)The literate population rejected the principles of the American and French Revolutions.
C)The gens de couleur and French planters wanted to end slavery.
D)African slaves attacked estates and manor houses.
E)White settlers and gens de couleur joined forces to put down a slave rebellion.

Question 43

What was true of Napoleon?

A)He was unpopular with the general French population.
B)Like Augustus of the Roman empire, he refused the title of emperor.
C)He made Protestantism the national religion of France.
D)He forced the remaining aristocracy to leave France.
E)He supported creation of the Bank of France to stabilize the financial condition of the government.

Question 44

Napoleon's actions in the Iberian Peninsula triggered several reactions.What is NOT one of these?

A)The Spanish king was forced to abdicate.
B)Portugal's king fled to Brazil where a monarchy was established.
C)Napoleon liberated those Spanish colonies in Latin America who pledged allegiance to France.
D)Loyal Latin American Spaniards formed juntas to rule until the Spanish throne was returned.
E)Republicans like Bolívar saw the opportunity to gain complete independence.

Question 45

Napoleon won battles against all of these countries EXCEPT

A)Russia.
B)Spain.
C)Austria.
D)Prussia.
E)Portugal.

Question 46

Modern historians see in ____ the origins of modern nationalism.

A)Napoleon's campaigns
B)Louis XIV
C)George Washington
D)Robespierre
E)Edmund Burke

Question 47

What was a cause of the wars of independence in Latin America?

A)Rejection of Enlightenment ideals
B)Inspiration from the revolutions in America, France, and Haiti
C)Popular acceptance of radicalism and violence
D)Independence from France.
E)Determination among elites to achieve the ideals of the Enlightenment

Question 48

What brought the end of Napoleonic France?

A)Napoleon's surrender to the Russians at Moscow
B)Napoleon's commitment to the guillotine.
C)Napoleon's defeat to British and Prussian soldiers at the Battle of Waterloo.
D)Napoleon's ouster from office by Robespierre.
E)Napoleon's escape to Italy.

Question 49

The English repulsed an invasion by Napoleon as a result of

A)an alliance with America.
B)storms in the North Sea.
C)the aid of French émigrés who had escaped France.
D)the English agreement to a treaty of neutrality in regard to Napoleon's actions in Europe.
E)their naval superiority in the battle at Trafalgar.

Question 50

Napoleon and the French Revolution affected both France and the world in many ways.What is NOT one of these?

A)France became a constitutional monarchy.
B)France lost its overseas empire.
C)Europe saw a surge of nationalism.
D)Nationalistic feelings spread to Egypt.
E)Instability caused by the Napoleonic invasion of Spain had ramifications in its territories in Latin America.

Question 51

In the feature,"Movement of Ideas Through Primary Sources: Edmund Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution," although Burke was considered a conservative at the time,what did he support?

A)The absolute power of the monarchy
B)The rights of Catholics in Ireland
C)The economic system of slavery
D)The British East India Company
E)The French Revolution's goal of the rights of man

Question 52

Which statement about Napoleon's invasion of Russia is TRUE?

A)The Russian army was an able military force in repulsing the French invasion.
B)French forces were especially equipped to survive the Russian winter.
C)The Russian czar was captured in St. Petersburg.
D)Many Russians joined the French in overthrowing the Russian monarchy.
E)By the time he got to Moscow, the city had been abandoned and destroyed by the Russians.

Question 53

Which statement about Boukman is FALSE?

A)He was a priest of the Voudun, an African-based religion.
B)The French government gave their support to the slave rebellion led by Boukman.
C)He received respect from his fellow slaves, because he was literate.
D)As a slave in a high position, he had many connections.
E)He was killed by the planter forces as they put down the rebellion.

Question 54

Who has been dubbed "the father of conservatism"?

A)Alexander
B)John Locke
C)Napoleon
D)Edmund Burke
E)George Washington

Question 55

Napoleon received enthusiastic support from the French population for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

A)he ensured that the citizens of France were no longer subjects of a king.
B)he created a limited government with a separation of powers.
C)he instigated a sense of patriotism.
D)he promised glory instead of liberty.
E)he won military conflicts that added to a feeling of nationalism.

Question 56

The massive conscription needed to protect France from invasion,resulted in

A)creating the largest army in Europe.
B)turning the government of the Jacobins toward an expansionist mode.
C)creating a strong sense of nationalism among young men from various French provinces.
D)the rise of an army against the Jacobins.
E)the dismal failure to push back the Austrian and Prussian invasion.

Question 57

An important result of Jacobin rule was

A)preventing the return of the monarchy of Louis XVI.
B)providing full rights for women.
C)securing the republic against Austrian and Prussian invasion.
D)obtaining the support of the new American republic.
E)ensuring the protection of the church.

Question 58

Which statement about the National Convention of 1795?1799 is FALSE?

A)The National Convention created a new constitution with a more limited electorate and a separation of powers.
B)A Directory was formed as the executive body of the government.
C)The Jacobins attempted to restore their power.
D)Napoleon was chosen by the Directory to lead the new republic.
E)Monarchists attempted to restore the Bourbon dynasty.

Question 59

The deciding factor that led to the independence of Haiti was

A)the overpowering military force of the military.
B)division in the slave ranks.
C)tropical diseases, which decimated the French army.
D)the capture and death of Toussaint L'Ouverture.
E)the ability of Toussaint L'Ouverture to communicate with slaves and French landowners.

Question 60

In Map 22.2,Napoleonic Europe in 1810,major battles occurred in all of these places EXCEPT

A)Marengo.
B)Waterloo.
C)Trafalgar.
D)Austerlitz.
E)London.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms
Bill of Rights

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Constitution of the United States of America

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Boston Tea Party

Question 64

The first South American country to declare its independence from Spain was

A)Venezuela.
B)Bolivia.
C)Mexico.
D)Haiti.
E)Peru.

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Bastille

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
Declaration of Independence

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Simón Bolívar

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Louis XVI

Question 69

To achieve success in the quest for independence,Latin American revolutionary leaders needed to

A)deport all peninsulares.
B)eliminate all successors to the Spanish throne.
C)gain the support of Amerindians, Africans, Mestizos, and others of mixed descent.
D)eliminate the potential power of the Mestizos.
E)look to support from Napoleon.

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Estates General

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
"No taxation without representation!"

Question 72

Who led wars of rebellion for Latin American independence?

A)Napoleon
B)Toussaint L'Ouverture
C)Edmund Burke
D)Simón Bolívar
E)Pedro and Tupac Amaru II

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Novus Ordo Secolorum

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
George Washington (1732-1799)

Question 75

Why did the Amerindians of the Andes refuse to ally with Bolívar?

A)The Spanish had savagely executed Tupac Amaru II.
B)The Spanish had given them permission to speak Quechua.
C)They had been able to resist assimilation by the Spanish by avoiding any contact with them.
D)They were more concerned with their own autonomy than with the independence of nations.
E)They viewed Bolívar as another local Spanish official seeking power from the peninsulares.

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Articles of Confederation

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
Franco-American treaty

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Tea Act

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Joseph Brant

Question 80

Please define the following key terms

-The Proclamation of 1763