Deck 10: The Challenge of Modernity in China, Japan, and India, 1800–1910

Question 1

The government of Queen Victoria responded to the appeal of Lin Zezu by

A)sending a fleet to threaten the Forbidden City.
B)putting an end to the opium trade.
C)organizing a committee to negotiate conflicts between the Chinese and English.
D)declaring war.
E)inviting high officials of the Qing court to meet in London to open further ports to English trade.

Answer 1

declaring war.

Question 2

In his encounter with American society,what seemed to shock the traveler discussed in this chapter the most?

A)People walked on carpets with shoes on.
B)Men and women hopped around on a dance floor.
C)America did not have an enduring reverence for its ancestors.
D)His experiences were not explained in his dictionary.
E)Many customs did not appear to be logical.

Answer 2

America did not have an enduring reverence for its ancestors.

Question 3

The British saw opium as a simple part of the system of

A)trade deficit.
B)supply and demand.
C)free-market economics.
D)tariffs.
E)monopolies.

Answer 3

free-market economics.

Question 4

What was true of the Hakka society?

A)The Manchu were blamed for poisoning China and its subjects.
B)Women's feet were bound.
C)Men lavishly adorned their queues.
D)The Confucian ideas of hierarchy were completely assimilated.
E)Women embraced their dependent status.

Question 5

After the fall of the Taiping,____ called for reform in China.

A)military leaders
B)nobles
C)educated Chinese
D)British officials
E)religious leaders

Question 6

Taiping rebels were especially harsh on the

A)British.
B)Confucians.
C)French.
D)nobles serving in the Qing court.
E)Manchu.

Question 7

Which nation replaced China as the dominant power in East Asia beginning in 1899?

A)Russia
B)India
C)Great Britain
D)Japan
E)The United States

Question 8

In further concessions to the British,the Chinese were

A)forced to wear Western clothing.
B)prohibited from using the term barbarian when referring to the English.
C)required to pay homage to Queen Victoria.
D)required to open the Forbidden City to European residence.
E)forced to end the Qing dynasty with no further adherence to hereditary succession.

Question 9

How was the traveler in this chapter a nonconformist to the Japanese sense of tradition?

A)He rejected Japan's preference for Dutch learning.
B)He dedicated his life to his lord.
C)He considered Western science important.
D)He placed emphasis on dependence and subservience.
E)He saw empowerment in religion.

Question 10

In a move to create a Chinese market,the British East India Company turned to what product they could sell in China?

A)British cotton goods
B)Iron products made in Liverpool
C)Opium
D)Lumber
E)Raw cotton

Question 11

All of these countries took part in the partition of China EXCEPT

A)England.
B)France.
C)Japan.
D)India.
E)The United States.

Question 12

All of these conditions resulted from  unequal treaties or negotiations between Britain and China EXCEPT

A)the opening of five additional ports of trade to foreign nations.
B)the acquisition of Hong Kong by the British.
C)provisions of extraterritoriality for the British.
D)the execution of the emperor.
E)the creation of international communities.

Question 13

How did conservatives in Asia respond to the massive societal changes wrought by the new industrial age?

A)They embraced change and hoped to learn from the West.
B)They saw change as an opportunity to build their economies.
C)They saw these changes as western ideas that threatened their social, political and economic systems.
D)They began to build their military might to safeguard against western imperialism.
E)They sought to ban missionaries and western teachers from their countries.

Question 14

How did the foreign incursions in China affect the peasants?

A)English agricultural technology increased production of rice.
B)Windmills, imported from England, opened fertile lands to agricultural usage.
C)Overuse of marginal land led to a decrease in farm production.
D)The Chinese government diverted resources used in fighting foreigners to control floods.
E)Chinese farmers would not cultivate new plants brought in from the West.

Question 15

What precipitated the end of the Taiping?

A)Hong was taken prisoner by the French at Nanjing.
B)The imperial army defeated them at Nanjing.
C)The French and British came to the aid of the Qing dynasty.
D)The imperial emperor negotiated a treaty with Hong.
E)After the death of Hong, 200,000 Taiping surrendered.

Question 16

Why did the Taiping Rebellion eventually dissolve?

A)The Taiping rebels converted to Confucianism.
B)The Taiping alienated the Qing dynasty.
C)The movement was unable to recruit experienced administrators.
D)The Taiping fired leaders they suspected of corruption.
E)The Taiping could not afford the fine clothes that leaders wanted them to wear.

Question 17

In what year did Japan make its official contact with the United States?

A)1859
B)1900
C)1865
D)1917
E)1810

Question 18

During the Self-Strengthening Movement,what prevented the reformers from achieving their goal of self-sufficiency in military infrastructure?

A)Foreign advisers were easily bribed.
B)Qing generals refused to consider new military tactics.
C)Corruption and inefficiency of the imperial bureaucracy prevented success.
D)The Sino-Japanese War interrupted its implementation.
E)The notion of self-sufficiency went against Confucian ethics.

Question 19

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion was Hong Xiuquan,who claimed to be related to

A)the Buddha.
B)Mohammad.
C)Jesus Christ.
D)Chinggis Khan.
E)the Qin.

Question 20

The goals of the Self-Strengthening Movement pursued all of these goals EXCEPT

A)massive Christian conversions.
B)Chinese acquisition of modern technology.
C)the need for scientific knowledge.
D)a modern navy and military.
E)adherence to Confucian ethics.

Question 21

In 1835,the imperial court of the Meiji dynasty was located in Kyoto but real power lay with the

A)Tokugawa shogunate in Edo.
B)daimyo lords.
C)samurai.
D)merchants.
E)military officers.

Question 22

Japan successfully transitioned from weakness to international power through all the following actions EXCEPT

A)loosening its cultural ties to its traditional past.
B)looking to the West for its technology.
C)establishing new principles of education.
D)using many Western ideas in state building.
E)adopting foreign ideas and adapting them to Japanese culture.

Question 23

In his visits to Japan in 1853 and 1854,Perry demanded

A)the conversion of the Japanese to Christianity.
B)an alliance with the United States against Russia.
C)the Meiji government be replaced by a constitutional monarchy.
D)that Japan open its ports to Western trade.
E)the cessation of Japanese missions to the United States.

Question 24

The turning point in the Japanese move to westernize came in 1853 with the arrival of a fleet from

A)England.
B)France.
C)the United States.
D)Russia.
E)Germany.

Question 25

Guangxu acceded to the petitions of young scholars when he

A)banned Western learning from the curricula of the Beijing College.
B)refused to visit Western capitals.
C)established a state bank.
D)agreed to fund a major irrigation project.
E)added Buddhism to the curricula at Beijing college.

Question 26

Which statement about the Boxer Rebellion is FALSE?

A)The Boxers were a secret society that pledged a war against all foreigners.
B)A foreign army of 20,000, from a dozen different nations, defeated the Boxers, and occupied the Forbidden City.
C)The Boxers received the support of Ci Xi, who claimed it was a war against foreigners.
D)The Siege of Peking was one of the few Chinese victories over Westerners.
E)The Boxers attacked missionaries and Chinese converts.

Question 27

Empress Ci Xi hindered China's resistance against foreign powers because

A)she was a figure around which members of the Self-Strengthening Movement could rally.
B)she approved reform measures.
C)her main goal was to create a constitutional monarchy.
D)retention of power was her only goal.
E)efforts were made, to modernize China during her regency.

Question 28

According to Japanese tradition,how could a lower samurai change his status in society?

A)By marrying into a higher rank or class
B)Through the accumulation of wealth
C)By acquiring an advanced education and knowledge of the classics
D)Through military achievements
E)A lower samurai could never change his status in society.

Question 29

By ____,the Qing was on its way to historical oblivion.

A)1875
B)1900
C)the end of World War I
D)the time of the Great Depression
E)1912

Question 30

After 1858,the situation in Japan continued to be tense and threatening because

A)the shogun had allied with foreigners, seeking to increase his power.
B)Europeans refused to even receive the special Japanese delegation sent to ask for continued isolation.
C)the emperor led an imperial army against the Tokugawa government.
D)there was a strong group calling for a return to "war and worship of ancient warriors."
E)reformers and revolutionists called for the expulsion of all foreigners.

Question 31

In the Japanese order of hierarchy,farmers held higher status than the

A)merchants and outcasts, but not the artisans.
B)outcasts, but not merchants.
C)samurai, outcasts, and artisans.
D)artisans, but not merchants.
E)merchants, outcasts, and artisans.

Question 32

Japanese delegations,sent to Europe in 1873 to study the West's technological and industrial development,were especially impressed with the

A)British navy.
B)unification process of Italy.
C)German combination of nationalism and military-industrial power.
D)politics of monarchies.
E)French and German militaries.

Question 33

The challenge of the West required a Japanese-coordinated national response that was provided by the

A)rônin.
B)rebellious daimyo.
C)Tokugawa government.
D)administration of the child emperor.
E)lower-rank samurai seeking to advance their status.

Question 34

How did reformers turn the defeat of the Satsuma Rebellion and the death of its samurai leader,Saigo Takamori,into a movement for change?

A)They created a cult of Saigo to garner support for radical reforms.
B)They ensured that the Satsuma Rebellion represented samurai dishonor.
C)They argued that the rebellion represented the fate of anyone or any group who resisted the government.
D)They stressed that Saigo was forced to commit suicide, which represented the old traditions of Japan.
E)They depicted the rebellion as fear of change.

Question 35

In an attempt to save China from Western domination,Chinese reformers

A)scoffed at the use of mathematics to save China.
B)refused to accept those foreign principles that might undercut the influence of the scholarly elite.
C)based their training on a long traditional body of knowledge.
D)rebuilt the ruined summer palace.
E)translated foreign scientific texts into Chinese.

Question 36

The Meiji Restoration was led by a powerful group of reformers who passed all the following edicts EXCEPT

A)daimyo domains were replaced by government prefectures.
B)centralized taxation was established.
C)a national army was created and trained by officers with experience in modern warfare.
D)all distinctions between samurai and commoners were eliminated.
E)former samurai were organized into an elite imperial force.

Question 37

The Sino-Japanese War was a territorial war in which

A)the entire Japanese northern fleet was destroyed.
B)Korea rebelled against the rule of the Chinese.
C)Korea and Taiwan became territories of Japan.
D)China gained the northernmost island of Japan.
E)England allied with China against Japan.

Question 38

The 1858 treaty between the Tokugawa government and foreign nations

A)opened up unlimited trade with the West.
B)created an exchange of official ambassadors.
C)gave rights of extraterritoriality to the West.
D)resulted in the daimyo's overthrow of the Meiji dynasty.
E)established foreign military bases in Japan.

Question 39

Which area was taken by France as a result of the French navy's defeat of the Qing southern fleet?

A)Vietnam
B)Korea
C)Mongolia
D)Japan
E)Taiwan

Question 40

What was the major difference in the missionaries who arrived in China in the second half of the nineteenth century and those who had arrived earlier in 1800?

A)Later missionaries expected converts to totally conform to Western religion, dress, and cultural practices.
B)Later missionaries did not attempt to alter Chinese culture.
C)Later missionaries adapted Christianity to Chinese culture.
D)Later missionaries mainly involved Buddhists.
E)Later missionaries came primarily from India.

Question 41

What was the primary economic reason for construction of the railroads in India?

A)To improve good will between the British government and Indian people
B)To create jobs in India
C)To speed up the export of Indian raw materials to Britain
D)To speed up the export of Indian finished goods to Britain
E)To bring rural workers to urban factories

Question 42

By the nineteenth century,the British living in India

A)spoke Indian.
B)were mainly men.
C)had gradually grown more distant from the Indians among whom they lived.
D)played Mughal polo.
E)who were mainly men, established relationships with Indian women.

Question 43

Unlike Japanese and Chinese leaders during their struggles to adjust to the new conditions introduced by the West,Indian leaders and elites

A)were removed from their positions by the British.
B)came under direct British control.
C)shared power with the British.
D)were exiled to avoid rebellion.
E)overwhelmingly accepted Western ideas at the expense of tradition.

Question 44

What proved to be one of the most problematic implications of British rule over India?

A)The loss of land to British citizens
B)The direct link of the Indian economy to British commercial interests
C)The establishment of Christianity as a state-sponsored religion
D)The shift by Indians to western clothes and languages
E)The end of the caste system

Question 45

Fukuzawa is credited with many important contributions.What is one of these?

A)Fighting to ban the teaching of western academics in Japanese schools
B)Championing public opinion
C)Fighting for full equality between women and men
D)Advocating for reduction in the size of the military
E)Ending compulsory education

Question 46

Which statement emphasizes the liberalism of the new Japanese constitution?

A)The legislature was popularly elected.
B)Cabinet-level appointments were made by the emperor, who made most decisions.
C)The unification of Japan had been achieved through conservative nationalism, rather than based on individual rights.
D)The individual was to be sacrificed for the broader good.
E)Japan was aggressively imperialistic due to militarism combined with nationalism.

Question 47

The Indian Revolt of 1857 began with

A)overtaxed rural peasants.
B)famine-driven Indians attacking British warehouses.
C)Indian students attempting to drive the British out of India.
D)Hindu attempts to return India to its traditional way of life.
E)a mutiny among sepoys.

Question 48

Because of her feminism,Kishida Toshiko

A)became a hero in Japan.
B)secured a role in government to help implement reforms for women.
C)won the friendship and support of Fukuzawa.
D)was put to death.
E)was arrested, fined, and silenced.

Question 49

The most significant result of the Russo-Japanese War was

A)Russian's rise to the status of world power.
B)the destruction of most of the Japanese fleet.
C)Japan's rise to the rank of world power.
D)a major defeat of an Asian power by a European power.
E)a conflict over India between the British and Japanese.

Question 50

The Indian National Congress pursued all of these goals EXCEPT

A)seeing Indians find a place within the British rule of India.
B)achieving the ideals enunciated by Queen Victoria.
C)gaining self-rule within the British empire.
D)teaching Indians to respect all cultural factions, both British and Indian.
E)seeking Indian independence from Britain.

Question 51

Why was the Indian Rebellion of 1857 unable to push the British out of India?

A)There was a lack of unity among the rebels.
B)The movement was too small in size.
C)There was too much infighting within the rebel movement.
D)Regional differences among protesters had been muted.
E)The rebels lacked military training.

Question 52

An advocate for women's rights,____ traveled the Japanese countryside speaking out for gender equality.

A)Meiji Tokyamo
B)Empress Ci Xi
C)Fukuzawa Yukichi
D)Kishida Toshiko
E)Mohandas K. Gandhi

Question 53

Why did Indian soldiers become upset with the British in the days before the Indian Revolt of 1857?

A)Sepoys believed that the British were trying to convert them to Christianity by sabotaging the rifles they used.
B)The British reestablished a limited Mughal government in Delhi.
C)They were sent to fight the Mughals.
D)The British command would only feed them pork-based products, which they could not eat for religious reasons.
E)They heard a rumor that the British intended to use them as human shields.

Question 54

The British became the "new Mughals" in India by

A)1780.
B)1800.
C)1900.
D)World War I.
E)1850.

Question 55

The supposed British competence to rule India was severely attacked from 1896 to 1897 as a result of

A)Muslims being elected as officers in the army.
B)the durbar that saluted India's new emperor.
C)the massive famine and their refusal to aid starving people.
D)the British emphasizing their power with spectacular displays and attempting to legitimize their rule.
E)Hindu clerks being chosen over Muslims in the lower ranks of administration.

Question 56

The British attitude toward the Indian peoples changed after 1857,when the British saw the Indians as

A)perfectly capable of becoming English.
B)equal to Europeans after becoming Christianized.
C)naturally and permanently inferior.
D)having the right to rule themselves under British guardianship.
E)superior to Africans.

Question 57

All of these nations had imperial goals in the Pacific and Asia EXCEPT

A)China.
B)Japan.
C)Germany.
D)the United States.
E)Great Britain.

Question 58

After 1858,Queen Victoria

A)authorized the construction of a postal service in India.
B)was referred to as the "Empress of India."
C)revoked the charter of the British East India Company.
D)restored control of India to the Mughals.
E)replaced all maharajahs and sultans with British elites.

Question 59

What changed in Japan during the reign of the Meiji government?

A)Government made investments in railroads, harbors, and telegraph lines, as well as new industries.
B)New economic developments in Japan helped to equalize society.
C)Pressure on farmers decreased because of new government taxes along with crop payments to the landlords.
D)Agricultural output decreased due to the importation of new seed types and improvements in agricultural education.
E)The Japanese left economic development to the principles of market economies.

Question 60

The British used ____ issues to justify their continued presence in India.

A)class
B)regional
C)economic
D)religious
E)the promise of reform

Question 61

The goal of the British in partitioning Bengal was

A)to solve growing religious problems in the area.
B)to cripple attempts at Indian nationalism by dividing Hindu and Muslim Indians.
C)to create a more British-friendly Muslim area independent of India.
D)to divide the region into political districts.
E)to use Bengal as a boundary against the incursion of Muslim Ottomans.

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Fukuzawa Yûkichi

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Meiji Restoration

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
zaibatsu

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
The Hundred Days' Reforms

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
Empress Ci Xi

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Kishida Toshiko

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
President William McKinley

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
Taiping Rebellion

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 71

Mohandas K.Gandhi was associated with

A)failure to forge racial reform in South Africa.
B)the massive exodus of Indians.
C)the inability to forge an alliance with Indian leaders and people.
D)a new, nationalistic India.
E)massive violence against British rule in India.

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Self-Strengthening Movement

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Treaty of Nanjing

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
Boxer Rebellion

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
Satsuma Rebellion

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Opium Wars

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
"For the sake of the country"

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Lin Zezu

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Chessboard nation

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
Hakka