Deck 2: Theoretical Foundations of Crime Analysis

Question 1

Environmental criminology

A)Attempts to explain root causes of crime and why people become criminals
B)Focuses on opportunities that exist for crime and the environments in which criminal events occur
C)Seeks to explain why a specific offender commits a specific crime
D)None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Displacement of crime

A)Occurs regardless of the response implemented
B)When crime or other types of activity shift to other forms, times, and locales instead of being eliminated
C)Is often underestimated
D)When targeted problems are successfully eliminated, other problems are also often eliminated

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The problem analysis triangle illustrates the relationships among the offender's criminal history, the vulnerability of the target/victim, the time and place of the crime event, and the lack of oversight/protection.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Three theoretical perspectives help crime analysts understand and anticipate patterns of behavior that create opportunities for crime: rational choice theory, crime pattern theory, and routine activities theory.

Question 5

A mother drops her 16-year old son at the mall for the afternoon.The boy meets his friends and shoplifts several CDs. His mother is a:

A)Handler
B)Place manager
C)Guardian
D)None of the above

Question 6

Rational choice theory states that offenders do not make choices about committing crimes and must act once they decide to do so.

Question 7

Which theory would help explain why large retail stores and movie theaters are more likely to have crime than individual residences?

A)Rational Choice Theory
B)Crime Pattern Theory
C)Routine Activities Theory
D)Routine Pattern Theory

Question 8

The 80/20 Rule is

A)The notion that a large amount of outcomes is related to only a small amount of relative causes
B)The notion that a large amount of causes is related to only a small amount of relative outcomes
C)That 20 people are responsible for 80 crimes
D)Only applicable to arrests and crime locations

Question 9

Fast-food restaurants with unusually high amount of crime activity are an example of a:

A)A repeat place
B)A hot product
C)A hot spot
D)A hot target

Question 10

A mother drops her 16-year old son at the mall for the afternoon.The boy meets his friends and shoplifts several CDs. The owner of the music store is a:

A)Handler
B)Place manager
C)Guardian
D)None of the above

Question 11

Criminological theories that deal with explanations of why people offend are most relevant to crime analysis.

Question 12

Which type of repeat victimization occurs when the same individuals are repeatedly victimized over time by various offenders for various types of crimes?

A)Near victims
B)Virtual repeats
C)True victims
D)Chronic victims

Question 13

When police routinely patrol a particular area in the evenings for prostitution and the prostitutes move their business to after midnight, this is an example of:

A)Spatial displacement
B)Temporal displacement
C)Target displacement
D)Tactical displacement

Question 14

A woman telling a rapist she has AIDS would be an example of which situational crime prevention technique?

A)Increase perceived risk
B)Increase perceived effort
C)Reduce anticipated rewards
D)Reduce provocations
E)Remove excuses

Question 15

Stop selling alcohol in the 7^th inning of a baseball game would be an example of which situational crime prevention technique?

A)Increase perceived risk
B)Increase perceived effort
C)Reduce anticipated rewards
D)Reduce provocations
E)Remove excuses

Question 16

Which type of repeat victimization occurs when commercial burglaries occur at stores in the same outdoor shopping plaza?

A)Near victims
B)Virtual repeats
C)True victims
D)Chronic victims

Question 17

Which theory would explain how the Internet has created opportunities for new or formerly rare crimes?

A)Rational Choice Theory
B)Crime Pattern Theory
C)Routine Activities Theory
D)Routine Pattern Theory

Question 18

Which type of repeat victimization occurs when robberies occur at several locations of the same convenience store (e.g., 7-Eleven)?

A)Near victims
B)Virtual repeats
C)True victims
D)Chronic victims

Question 19

Which theory would explain how a person who would normally not steal may decide to steal mulch from Home Depot when the clerk miscounted the number of bags at checkout?

A)Rational Choice Theory
B)Crime Pattern Theory
C)Routine Activities Theory
D)Routine Pattern Theory

Question 20

The goal of environmental criminology is not to explain why a specific offender commits a specific crime but to understand the various aspects of a criminal event.

Question 21

An example of target displacement would be: if officials change the pay phones in a bus station so they take only credit cards and no coins, they become poor targets for offenders who want to obtain cash.Offenders in the bus station may shift from breaking into pay phones to breaking into coin-operated vending machines.

Question 22

Reducing the offender's provocation techniques aim to change social and environmental conditions in ways that will diminish stress, conflict, and temptation to offend.

Question 23

Situational crime prevention is a practice based on the components of the crime triangle.A classification system developed by Donald V.Smith,

Question 24

Research has previously overlooked the fact that the successful elimination of targeted problems may also reduce other problems.

Question 25

Displacement of crime does not occur.

Question 26

Installing removable faces on car stereos, attaching ink tags to clothing is an example of increasing the offender's perceived risk.

Question 27

An example of Spatial displacement would be: if police routinely patrol a particular area between 8:00 p.m.and 10:00 p.m.looking for gang members hanging out on the street, the gang members may shift their behavior and hang out in the area either later or earlier in the day.

Question 28

The 80/20 rule comes from the observation that exactly 80% of some kinds of outcomes are the result of only 20% of the related causes.

Question 29

Crime analysis techniques can identify and describe any displacement of activity to help police agencies understand how crime activity changes and whether any changes seen are the results of crime prevention efforts.

Question 30

Routine activities theory focuses on how opportunities for crime change based on changes in behavior on a societal level.