Deck 14: Responses to Global Crisis, 1920–1939

Question 1

Edib's life involved all these experiences EXCEPT

A)being the daughter of an important Ottoman official.
B)being tutored by an English governess.
C)remaining a Muslim all her life.
D)being a child of privilege.
E)spending her entire life as a liberal in the Middle East.

Answer 1

spending her entire life as a liberal in the Middle East.

Question 2

Turkey used a system of ____ to nurture the development of industrial growth internally.

A)free-market trade
B)stopping all foreign trade
C)import substitution
D)barter
E)preferred trade markets

Answer 2

import substitution

Question 3

Halide Edib was like Gandhi,whose primary goal was

A)nationalism.
B)equality for women.
C)social justice.
D)conquering colonial powers through violence.
E)independence through the support of fascism.

Answer 3

nationalism.

Question 4

The overall effects of the 1930s global economic crisis involved the

A)increase of liberal ideas of free state and political association across the world.
B)decline of communism and fascism.
C)strengthening of nationalism in Africa and Asia.
D)weakening of authoritarianism where liberalism was strong.
E)overthrow of authoritarian governments.

Question 5

During the Great Depression,the new socialist countries in Europe promised to reduce economic hardship with all of these measures EXCEPT

A)a comprehensive educational system.
B)a strong and growing military.
C)health care.
D)unemployment insurance.
E)housing subsidies.

Question 6

By the early 1930s,the world was locked in a vicious cycle of deflation and a downward spiral of both wages and prices as a result of

A)free-market practices.
B)high tariffs.
C)union uprisings.
D)Britain's opening its colonial markets to the global market.
E)the spread of communist revolutions in various European nations.

Question 7

The Great Depression was caused by all of these events EXCEPT

A)American Stock Exchange losing half of its value.
B)massive unemployment in industrial countries.
C)plummeting agricultural prices.
D)the election of Roosevelt in America.
E)the complicated international debt structure that emerged after World War I.

Question 8

Edib's major goal during World War I was

A)the defeat of the German armies in the Middle East.
B)to regain territory lost to Austria.
C)the defeat of the British forces in the Middle East.
D)Turkish nationalism.
E)eliminating the threat of expansionist Russia.

Question 9

Edib stepped outside traditional gender roles when she

A)refused to work after marriage.
B)married a non-Muslim and had two children.
C)refused to accept her husband's second marriage, which was acceptable to Islam.
D)became a recluse after her separation.
E)prohibited her husband from remarrying.

Question 10

How did World War I change the course of Halide Edib's life?

A)After serving as a nurse during the war, she went on to establish nursing schools.
B)After witnessing the violence of war, she became a pacifist and passionate antiwar activist.
C)She served as a wartime spy and went on to serve as an intelligence officer.
D)She fled to America, where she became a leading Christian educator.
E)She became the first woman to speak at a public assembly and later became member of the Turkish parliament.

Question 11

What economic condition did the United States find itself in by 1929?

A)The gap between rich and poor was widening.
B)American banks were severely affected by the stock market crash.
C)The country faced massive unemployment.
D)Domestic consumption dropped.
E)American manufacturing plants went out of business.

Question 12

Brazil was hit hard in the global market by a decrease in the demand for

A)cocoa.
B)rubber.
C)sugar.
D)coffee.
E)tropical woods.

Question 13

In America,the stock market crash was the result of

A)buying stock on borrowed money (margin).
B)failing to pay overseas loans from World War I.
C)gobbling up stocks due to fears that the market would decrease in value.
D)ballooning capital investments in risky but potentially lucrative businesses.
E)freezing of bank credit for home buyers.

Question 14

Who described representative government as "nothing but a committee for managing the affairs of the whole bourgeoisie"?

A)Hitler
B)Mussolini
C)Roosevelt
D)Marx
E)Lenin

Question 15

India's distress gold was associated with

A)families selling heirlooms to avoid loss of their land.
B)families raising the price of dowry payments before agreeing to let their daughters marry.
C)couples selling their wedding gifts to buy food.
D)couples marrying at younger ages.
E)families working in the mines, hoping to find small bits of gold to help the weather the worst of the economic downturn.

Question 16

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal Programs included all of these measures EXCEPT

A)Works Progress Administration.
B)agricultural subsidies.
C)recognition of unions.
D)heavy military spending.
E)banking reforms.

Question 17

How was the European economic situation initially linked to the crash in America?

A)The Weimar Republic was dependent on French loans to repay heavy loans to America for reconstruction after the war.
B)France was dependent on German loans for wartime reconstruction.
C)Because of the crash, America could not repay loans to European banks.
D)The failure of most major banking houses in Europe crippled the European economy.
E)After the crash, American banks called in loans from European banks, which weakened them.

Question 18

How were Africans affected by the global depression?

A)Since prices for tropical goods remained steady, most Africans did not have a drop in income.
B)Colonial governments increased taxes on peasant farmers to make up for other economic losses.
C)The British welfare system, enacted in Britain, was extended to its African colonies.
D)Africans were forced to plant cash crops.
E)Most African peasants resorted to subsistence farming.

Question 19

Even in nations where capitalism and individual liberties were the norm,the war and depression created

A)a call for a Soviet-type economy.
B)increased government intervention.
C)antiliberal feelings.
D)the rise of autocratic leaders.
E)self-governing labor communes.

Question 20

What did fascists incorporate into their idea of the perfect state?

A)Leaders should take into consideration the self-interests of the individual.
B)The role of the state should express the will of the individual.
C)The equality of world nations should be achieved in the League of Nations.
D)National greatness would be achieved by organizing the collective will.
E)Racial tolerance would be achieved.

Question 21

Although communism and fascism were passionately at odds,what common enemy did they share?

A)Liberal democracy
B)Parliamentary democracy
C)Capitalism
D)Religion
E)The League of Nations

Question 22

Mussolini replaced autonomous organizations and affiliations with

A)military associations.
B)corporations.
C)youth organizations.
D)labor unions.
E)international social cells.

Question 23

What did Hitler mean by the  concept of das Volk?

A)The German people are a single organism bound by history, tradition, and race.
B)All Germans are created equal.
C)Germany can only survive if people unite under Nazi ideals.
D)Germany should disconnect from its ancient Aryan past and focus on modernity.
E)Germany should be ruled through a constitutional government.

Question 24

Who did Hitler see as the main threat to Germany's future?

A)Soviet Union
B)Jews
C)United States
D)Catholics
E)National Socialists.

Question 25

Eugenic medical practices led to

A)the expulsion of communists from Germany.
B)the sterilization of inferior Germans to prevent the spread of their inferior genetic defects.
C)forcing medical procedures on homosexuals.
D)the rejection of selective breeding.
E)the required conversion of all Jews to Christianity.

Question 26

Hitler took over the German government

A)in 1940.
B)in 1930.
C)in 1925.
D)in 1933.
E)immediately after the stock market crash.

Question 27

By the 1930s,the ____ was falling out of German politics.

A)Christian tradition
B)far left
C)far right
D)center
E)influence of the military

Question 28

Hitler defined women's roles as

A)working to restore the German economy.
B)raising and nurturing purebred German children.
C)teaching, nursing, and motherhood.
D)Serving a brief stint in the military or government before marriage.
E)setting a moral example for the nation and their families.

Question 29

Benito Mussolini employed all of these strategies in his fascist program EXCEPT

A)emphasizing strength through unity.
B)organizing the Blackshirts.
C)ruling according to the Italian constitution.
D)controlling unions, strikes, and disaffected farm laborers.
E)giving passionate speeches.

Question 30

Hitler promised a Third Reich that would last

A)forever.
B)1,000 years.
C)as long as Germany was under the Nazi Party.
D)as long as the Roman empire.
E)until revenge was complete for the Versailles treaty.

Question 31

Soviet collectivization was a reform policy of Stalin's that

A)created a large military force.
B)moved populations to new industrial areas.
C)was supposed to increase industrial output.
D)use farmland for cash crops.
E)reversed the private ownership allowed in previous regimes.

Question 32

What was the result of the Reichstag fire?

A)German communists were arrested.
B)German Jews were rounded up for interrogation.
C)Communist members of the Reichstag were arrested.
D)Germany was placed under martial law.
E)President Hindenburg was dismissed from the government as incompetent.

Question 33

The careful and professional use of ____ was/were very effective in spreading the excitement of Hitler and the Nazi Party.

A)massive rallies
B)propaganda
C)allusions to past glory
D)public prosecution of Jews
E)comparisons to other nations in the pits of depression

Question 34

Who stated,"The easiest way to gain control of the population is to carry out acts of terror"?

A)Adolf Hitler
B)Mustafa Kemal
C)Jawaharial Nehru
D)Joseph Stalin
E)Nnamdi Azikiwe

Question 35

Crystal Night involved the

A)massive exodus of Jews from Germany to Europe and America.
B)burning of all Jewish synagogues.
C)smashing of windows of Jewish synagogues, stores, and private homes.
D)round up of Jewish religious leaders.
E)massive rallies of Jews protesting Hitler's religious intolerance.

Question 36

Before Hitler came to power,Germany

A)was humiliated and financially ruined after World War I.
B)was coming out of the Great Depression.
C)experienced gradually increasing stability.
D)blamed the United States for its problems.
E)saw pro-democracy groups gaining adherents.

Question 37

How did Mussolini handle dissent?

A)He ignored it.
B)He welcomed it as an opportunity to educate his government and the public.
C)He harassed, arrested, and sometimes killed those who challenged him.
D)He banned all public debates and criticism.
E)He staged public debates to denounce his challengers.

Question 38

Art in the "age of anxiety" emphasized all the following EXCEPT

A)the influence of Sigmund Freud.
B)the contrast between order and violence.
C)order and harmony.
D)the influx of European film talent and ideas into American filmmaking.
E)a movement against anything associated with classical art.

Question 39

To achieve military prestige,Mussolini attacked ____,avenging an 1896 defeat.

A)Switzerland
B)Albania
C)Greece
D)Ethiopia
E)Sardinia

Question 40

In waging "war on his own people",Stalin used the Red Army and secret police to

A)frighten peasant farmers into increasing agricultural output.
B)build gulags.
C)defeat the kulaks and subdue Bolsheviks.
D)harass voters.
E)stockpile an arsenal of weapons.

Question 41

In what way was Nehru different from Gandhi?

A)Nehru believed the Indian National Congress should be open to members of all faiths.
B)Nehru stressed that the moral transformation of Indian society was a necessary prerequisite for self-rule.
C)Nehru believed the future of India lay in simple village communities.
D)Nehru believed an industrial society was India's future.
E)Nehru was a socialist.

Question 42

What led to a public protest demanding Hind Swaraj?

A)A decline in the power of Gandhi
B)An increase in Indian autonomy in its affairs
C)Rewards for Indian participation in World War I for the British
D)The Amritsar Massacre
E)A decline in the influence of the Indian National Congress

Question 43

The Soviet Union's rapid industrialization was achieved by

A)encouraging worker participation with high wages.
B)using non-Russian parts of the Soviet Union in a colonial fashion for their natural resources.
C)accepting high unemployment as a part of the process.
D)requiring Soviet citizens to donate a percentage of their incomes for infrastructure improvements.
E)embracing environmental pollution as part of the process.

Question 44

What did the spinning of cotton on a simple spinning wheel symbolize for Gandhi?

A)Working people
B)Nirvana
C)Passive resistance
D)Glories of past Indian history
E)Meditation and resistance

Question 45

An appeal by ____ to the League of Nations brought no significant repercussions against the Italians.

A)Ethiopia
B)China
C)Vietnam
D)India
E)Libya

Question 46

Gandhi's Salt March resulted in

A)complete self-government under the leadership of Gandhi.
B)Gandhi's imprisonment.
C)heavy fines for protesters
D)a new law permitting  elections of semi-representative regional assemblies.
E)huge losses for the Indian National Congress at the polls.

Question 47

Even as the threat of German militarization and the potential invasion of Russia grew,Stalin

A)decreased the size of his military.
B)ordered the invasion of Poland.
C)ordered the killing and imprisonment of his generals and officers.
D)stopped the Great Purges.
E)allied with the Ottoman empire.

Question 48

Gandhi was associated with all of these traits EXCEPT

A)advocating for equality for the Untouchables.
B)Ahimsa.
C)extreme nationalism, even if it meant using force.
D)Satyagraha.
E)dressing as an ascetic Hindu holy man.

Question 49

What best describes  the relationship between Halide Edib and the Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal?

A)Edib questioned Kemal's policies from the start.
B)Edib remained loyal to Kemal throughout her life.
C)Edib and Kemal had a falling out when she questioned his preference for an absolutist state.
D)Due to feeling threatened by Kemal's opposition to her ideology, Edib fled Turkey.
E)Edib became Kemal's closest adviser throughout his reign.

Question 50

Japan,like Italy and Germany,benefited from its aggressive militaristic and nationalist policies because

A)big corporations ceased to profit from lucrative government policies.
B)these policies enabled Japan's leaders  to rally public support.
C)employment increased.
D)its constitutional and militaristic monarchy remained strong.
E)public support for the ultranationalist government increased.

Question 51

As a result of Kemal's military successes in World War I,Turkey

A)emerged as the most powerful nation in the Middle East.
B)emerged with the old Ottoman empire intact.
C)was the only fascist nation in the Middle East.
D)was recognized as sovereign with the core territories and population of the old empire.
E)became one of the mandate nations of both England and France.

Question 52

With Japan's invasion of ____ in 1931,it began the imperialist actions that would lead to World War II in Asia.

A)the Philippines
B)Korea
C)Manchuria
D)Vietnam
E)Hawaii

Question 53

After the stock market crash prompted tough times in Japan,

A)the new emperor, Hirohito, abandoned plans to expand Japan's colonial holdings.
B)the power and influence of the zaibatsu in the government increased.
C)rural peasants begged the country's leaders to industrialize.
D)the country's nationalists wanted more liberal foreign policy to entice global investor's to Japan.
E)public support mounted for increasing the size of the military because it was a source of jobs.

Question 54

Although Kemal attempted to create a strong Turkish economy,how did his policies only add to the international global depression?

A)Kemal tried to discourage Turks from buying foreign goods.
B)Goods from Europe and American were banned in Turkey.
C)High tariffs on imported goods only hurt other nations involved in the global depression.
D)Kemal tried to create a totally domestic solution to the economic problems.
E)Government subsidies kept Turkish goods cheap in the nation and discouraged foreign imports.

Question 55

Japanese nationalists argued for a change in political policies because

A)massive emigration was robbing the nation of its best brains.
B)the free market was hurting Japanese exports.
C)Japan needed to open the door to more and better-trained foreign scientists.
D)they wanted more aggressive foreign and imperial policies.
E)a decentralized government was viewed as weak.

Question 56

Colonial powers used all the following methods to deter nationalism EXCEPT

A)violently eliminating native leaders.
B)placing indigenous people in lower-level positions.
C)employing indigenous authorities.
D)providing an empty legal equality.
E)playing tribal leaders off each other.

Question 57

Kemal's plan for the rapid modernization of Turkey involved many social and religious reforms.Which of these reforms did Edib disagree with?

A)Expanding education for girls
B)Outlawing polygamy
C)Granting women the right to vote
D)Prohibiting women from veiling  in public places
E)Prohibiting Edib from teaching at the University of Istanbul

Question 58

The Spanish Civil War involved the Republican government,supported by ____,against the quasi-fascist Franco.

A)Germany
B)America
C)France
D)England
E)Portugal

Question 59

On what basis did Britain insist it was necessary to maintain a presence in India?

A)India was an important military area for the British.
B)India was in danger from the Japanese.
C)India's diverse peoples required that the British remain an arbiter.
D)Economically, the British textile industry received all its cotton from India.
E)The British government feared the interference of France.

Question 60

What spurred  the growth of anticolonial nationalism in Asia and Africa in the 1930s?

A)Colonial powers had begun to loosen their authoritarian-type governments in their colonies.
B)The global depression forced colonial powers to increase their power in their African and Asian territories.
C)Because of a lack of global markets, a freer labor market developed in the colonies.
D)Global insecurity led to a decline in anticolonial nationalist movements.
E)The economic crisis of the Great Depression led powers, such as Britain and France, to impose harsher policies of colonial exploitation on their colonial possessions.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms
favelas

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Halide Edib

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Adolf Hitler

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
das Volk

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
collectivization

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
New Deal

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
deflationary spiral

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Nuremberg Laws

Question 71

What was true about the nonaggression pact Stalin signed with Hitler in 1939?

A)It divided control of Austria between Germany and the Soviet Union.
B)It was the first step to an enduring alliance between Germany and the Soviet Union.
C)It facilitated Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia.
D)It brought the United States into the war.
E)It was Stalin's strategy for keeping Germany from invading Russia.

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Third Reich

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Great Depression

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
welfare state

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
high tariffs

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Blackshirts

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
fascism

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
eugenics

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Benito Mussolini

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
jazz Age