Deck 16: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1949–1975

Question 1

The Chinese became involved in the Korean War because

A)they feared that South Korea was planning an assault on China after defeating North Korea.
B)they believed American-backed South Korea would destroy North Korea, a Chinese ally.
C)the Soviet Union threatened to withdraw aid, unless China came to the aid of North Korea.
D)they felt that America was planning an assault on China as well.
E)they feared that North Korea would turn to the Soviet Union for aid and alliance.

Answer 1

they felt that America was planning an assault on China as well.

Question 2

The Nationalists were unable to win control of China for several reasons.What was NOT one of these?

A)The Chinese feared Chiang Kai-shek.
B)Chinese rural populations supported Mao.
C)Communist soldiers were motivated by the feeling of fighting for a genuine cause.
D)Communist soldiers camouflaged their activities in the routines of village life.
E)Mao and his supporters treated the rural population better than the Nationalists did.

Answer 2

The Chinese feared Chiang Kai-shek.

Question 3

By the 1950s,the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union included all the following EXCEPT

A)détente.
B)possible nuclear annihilation.
C)border conflicts in Eastern and Western Europe.
D)American political and military ideas of containment.
E)espionage, propaganda, and insults toward each other.

Answer 3

détente.

Question 4

The idealistic goal of Mao's Great Leap Forward was based on

A)increasing steel production with government subsidies for building modern steel mills.
B)mechanizing farms by subsidizing farm machinery for peasant farms.
C)the notion that agricultural collectives could serve as a model for industrial development.
D)expanding property rights for the small farmer and shop owner.
E)making China a self-sufficient food producer without ties to global economics.

Question 5

Castro and Guevara developed an army that eventually overthrew Batista through all of these means  EXCEPT

A)creating an arsenal by raiding police stations and army barracks.
B)receiving aid from the American CIA.
C)attracting sympathetic peasants into their army.
D)relying on the knowledge of peasants in regard to terrain and intelligence.
E)being vigilant when it came to spies and government informants.

Question 6

Cuba became a ____ state as a result of the revolution of 1959.

A)democratic
B)military dictatorial
C)socialist
D)theocratic
E)republic-type

Question 7

Why did China intervene in the Korean War?

A)It wanted to seize control of the warring nation.
B)It hoped to open new markets for trade there after the war.
C)It wanted to bring the war to a speedy end.
D)It feared that the U.S., which had already intervened on South Korea's behalf, would attack China, too.
E)It feared the entry of the Soviet Union into the conflict.

Question 8

Mao's "Let a hundred flowers bloom" program was especially harsh on

A)critics of China and Mao.
B)Chinese intellectuals.
C)peasant farmers.
D)foreign relations with the Soviet Union.
E)critics and intellectuals who voiced critical opinions against Mao.

Question 9

Once in power,Mao implemented a program of ____,where people in unions,armies,and mass organizations were required to learn "Mao Zedong Thought."

A)propaganda
B)thought reform
C)communist initiation
D)de-westernization
E)communist theory

Question 10

Because of actions in China in 1949 and Cuba in 1959,the United States viewed the world as

A)becoming less threatening because of the spread of democracy.
B)less threatening, as Soviet influence decreased.
C)more threatening because of the spread of communism.
D)more dangerous, as both nations developed nuclear weapons.
E)confusing, as new world military alliances were formed.

Question 11

Guevara lived at the intersection of two great global struggles,which were characterized by all of these changes EXCEPT

A)the East-West division of the Cold War.
B)movements in decolonization.
C)a decrease in violence between opposing political groups.
D)the North-South division between the global haves and have-nots.
E)democratic movements and dictatorships.

Question 12

The tripartite division of the world,according to a French journalist in the 1950s,was identified as

A)the First World comprising the United States and its allies.
B)Asia, China, and Japan.
C)the Third World, emphasized by poverty and lack of power.
D)the Second World, comprising the Soviet Union and its allies.
E)the First World of the United States, the Second World of the Soviet Union and its allies, and the Third World of poorer countries.

Question 13

In 1949,Chiang Kai-shek formed the

A)People's Republic of China.
B)nation of Taiwan.
C)Chinese Communist Republic.
D)Republic of China in Taiwan.
E)Taiwan Communist Republic.

Question 14

Before the Cuban Revolution,Cuba

A)was an economically poor country with no democratic freedoms.
B)had a thriving capitalist economy.
C)was a strong ally of the Soviet Union.
D)held free elections.
E)was run by President Che Guevara.

Question 15

Fidel Castro,like ____,was an idealist who searched for an alternative between capitalism and technocratic socialism.

A)Mao
B)Guevara
C)Batista
D)Eisenhower
E)Khrushchev

Question 16

What was a consequence of the Great Leap Forward's failure?

A)Mao's power expanded.
B)Steel production increased despite decreased demand.
C)China shifted from communism to capitalism.
D)Industrialization came to a complete stop.
E)A great famine led to the deaths of 30 million people.

Question 17

Those who deviated from the Chinese communist ideals of socialism were

A)executed.
B)sent to labor camps.
C)exiled.
D)publicly humiliated and forced to confess their errors.
E)severely limited in the society.

Question 18

The turbulent quarter-century between 1949 and 1974 was marked by all of these global transformations EXCEPT the

A)emergence of dozens of new nations
B)face-off between the two superpowers of America and the Soviet Union
C)influential power and actions of the United Nations
D)impact of antidemocratic forces on strategic locations of the world
E)emergence of Communist China

Question 19

Guevara became personally involved in the ____ Revolution in 1959.

A)Mexican
B)Cuban
C)South African
D)Argentinean
E)Colombian

Question 20

Guevara had a life-changing experience that inspired him to become a revolutionary when he traveled through

A)Mexico.
B)South America.
C)the Falkland Islands.
D)Africa.
E)Southeast Asia.

Question 21

As a result of the Cuban-Soviet relationship,

A)agricultural production in Cuba declined, causing malnutrition on the island.
B)Cuban markets dried up internationally.
C)unemployment became rampant.
D)Castro's suppression of educational facilities nearly destroyed literacy in Cuba.
E)by the mid-1960s, the Cuban economy had recovered and stabilized.

Question 22

The Bay of Pigs invasion was the brainchild of

A)the Eisenhower Administration.
B)the Kennedy administration.
C)ousted Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.
D)revolutionaries Che Guevara and Fidel Castro.
E)the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.

Question 23

Although he was only lukewarm in his support for the Bay of Pigs mission to Cuba,  ____ would ultimately be credited with  the fiasco.

A)Castro
B)Eisenhower
C)Kennedy
D)Batista
E)Khrushchev

Question 24

The relationship between Castro and the United States soured when Castro

A)imprisoned all Americans still in Cuba.
B)captured and burned the American Embassy.
C)nationalized all Cuban land and land owned by American corporations.
D)seized Guantanamo Bay naval base.
E)demanded the return of all pro-Batista supporters.

Question 25

During the Cold War era,despite its commitment to freedom,the United States

A)censored Joseph McCarthy.
B)engaged the CIA in covert actions that supported the pro-U.S. authoritarian government in Iran.
C)expected all nations to be against Marxism-Leninism.
D)supported the Arbenz administration in Guatemala.
E)stepped in to assist in the Hungarian Uprising.

Question 26

According to ____,since communism was evil,anyone associated with it in any form must be evil and dangerous to America.

A)Eisenhower
B)Churchill
C)Joseph McCarthy
D)Ernesto Guevara
E)Jacobo Arbenz

Question 27

Although it appeared that the new Soviet leader,Khrushchev,would pursue reforms,he

A)would not tolerate popular movements for change.
B)allowed demonstrations in East Berlin.
C)refused to support nationalists in the Third World.
D)blocked all reforms in Poland.
E)supported freedom of religion but not free speech.

Question 28

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a good example of how dangerous it was for one superpower to become involved in another's

A)economic interests.
B)elections.
C)established sphere of influence.
D)political bureaucracy.
E)missile sites.

Question 29

What was true about international relations regarding Cuba?

A)After the Bay of Pigs invasion, Castro became close allies with China.
B)Mao took advantage of the tension between America and Cuba to increase economic investments in Cuba.
C)The United States and the Soviet Union were on the threshold of nuclear war over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
D)The Soviet Union, China, and Cuba created a Caribbean military pact.
E)Cuba, fearing American attack, began to develop its own nuclear arsenal with aid from the Soviets.

Question 30

Cold War confrontations between the two superpowers involved all of these initiatives and events EXCEPT

A)NATO.
B)the Warsaw Pact.
C)U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile base.
D)worldwide proxy struggles of the superpowers.
E)atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Question 31

Who was the Soviet leader involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A)Stalin
B)Khrushchev
C)Putin
D)Brezhnev
E)Gorbachev

Question 32

After 1948,the Afrikaner-dominated National Party in South Africa implemented

A)racial integration.
B)anticolonial laws.
C)trade agreements with the West.
D)a plan for independence.
E)apartheid or racial separation.

Question 33

Which country had to fight a long and costly war with France to achieve its independence in 1962?

A)Kenya
B)East Africa
C)Algeria
D)The Ivory Coast
E)Guinea

Question 34

To help Cuba cope with U.S.trade sanctions,the Soviet Union

A)launched trade sanctions against the U.S..
B)bought up all of Cuba's sugar for prices well above market value
C)agreed to sell farm products to Cuba at below market prices.
D)made Cuba a temporary colony.
E)loaned large sums of money to Cuba so it could purchase supplies from other countries.

Question 35

As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis,the United States

A)agreed to withdraw its missiles from Turkey.
B)increased missiles in Iran.
C)increased its military forces in Japan.
D)demanded that the Soviet Union withdraw its support of Castro.
E)allied with Mexico in opposition to Castro.

Question 36

What best describes the decolonization process immediately following World War II?

A)Former European colonial powers lost complete control of their former colonies.
B)New African and Asian nations were successful in isolating themselves from the global bipolarity of the superpowers.
C)Some nations became involved in the competition between superpowers and were pulled apart in the process.
D)New states, being weaker and in desperate need of loans and funds, found no help from the superpowers.
E)A federation of African states was successful in keeping both the Soviet Union and the United States out of African affairs.

Question 37

The Hungarian Uprising in 1956

A)was settled by the United Nations.
B)was successful because European intervention and possible war forced the Soviets to back off.
C)ended in mass arrests and executions after the Soviets moved in with tanks.
D)was a success and encouraged the same actions in Poland and East Berlin.
E)forced the resignation of premier Khrushchev.

Question 38

During the Cold War,the Soviet Union

A)presented itself a champion of freedom.
B)squashed all discussion of freedom within its borders.
C)denounced efforts to throw off European colonial powers.
D)declined requests from Latin American nations for support.
E)supported nationalist movements and provided for free, nonaligned nations within its sphere.

Question 39

The United States and Britain recognized the independence South Africa and its repressive governments because that government

A)promised to provide for human rights.
B)allowed military and nuclear facilities on their land.
C)were anti-Soviet and anticommunist.
D)were governments of compromise between whites and Africans.
E)refused to nationalize foreign investments and properties.

Question 40

What was one part of French plans for neocolonialism in Africa?

A)To create an African elite allied to French culture by promising French citizenship to educated Africans
B)To spark a civil war that would lead African states to seek assistance from France
C)To have French officials  included in local African governments
D)To grant immediate and complete local rule
E)To block a vote on whether African states would become a part of the French community

Question 41

In 1957,the Treaty of Rome paved the way for what would later become

A)the anti-ballistic missile treaty.
B)the end of apartheid.
C)the downfall of the Soviet Union.
D)the European Economic Community.
E)the end of the Cold War.

Question 42

British and French African colonies smoothly decolonized,but decolonization became a source of conflict in ____,the former colony of Belgium.

A)the Congo
B)Kenya
C)South Africa
D)Algeria
E)Rhodesia

Question 43

The availability of ____ helped pave the way for a sexual revolution in the 1960s.

A)drugs
B)the birth control pill
C)freedom from parental control
D)condoms
E)willing participants

Question 44

Youth protests became major occurrences around the world in

A)1964.
B)1965.
C)1966.
D)1967.
E)1968

Question 45

Which statement about China is FALSE?

A)China endured an internal conflict between the Red Guards and the Gang of Four.
B)Pragmatists gained prestige and recognition with the visit of President Nixon.
C)Nixon hoped his visit would be the first step in overturning the communist regime in China, which was being rocked by the Cultural Revolution.
D)Deng Xiaoping eventually gained control over the Gang of Four and the Red Guards.
E)Mao's wife used the Cultural Revolution to destroy Western influences in China.

Question 46

Israeli occupation of ____ after the Six-Day War was especially disturbing to the Arab world of the Middle East.

A)Sinai Desert of Egypt
B)Golan Heights of Syria
C)West Bank of the Jordan River
D)Lebanon
E)East Jerusalem

Question 47

Che Guevara was captured and executed in

A)Bolivia.
B)central Congo.
C)Cuba.
D)Mexico.
E)South Africa.

Question 48

Which statement regarding the United States' involvement with Vietnam is FALSE?

A)Ho Chi Minh declared an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945.
B)Vietnam was temporarily partitioned into north and south regions at the Geneva Conference.
C)Vietnam was the first televised war.
D)The U.S. supported and trained the North Vietnamese and supplied them with weapons.
E)President Lyndon Johnson began a full-scale war against communists in Vietnam.

Question 49

The success of India,emerging as the largest democracy in the 1950s,resulted from all of these factors EXCEPT

A)the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.
B)control of tensions with Pakistan.
C)a successful war against England.
D)building Indian defense industries.
E)nonalignment with either superpower.

Question 50

The French decided to end their colonial relationship with Vietnam because

A)Ho Chi Minh had made a successful appeal to the United Nations.
B)the Chinese militarily supported Vietnam.
C)the United States and Britain agreed to take up the fight for the French.
D)France considered its nationalist insurgency in Algeria a higher priority than Vietnam.
E)a national vote had elected Ho president of the new Vietnam.

Question 51

Gamal Nasser's reputation plummeted after he

A)removed British troops from the Suez Canal Zone.
B)became involved in the  Six-Day War.
C)nationalized the Suez Canal.
D)supported the cause of the Palestinians.
E)took a belligerent stance toward Israel.

Question 52

The U.S.supported violent dictatorships in Argentina and Chile for years because

A)these countries were important trade partners.
B)their leaders were elected.
C)the U.S. did not want a war with South America.
D)the U.S. had signed treaties to respect their autonomy.
E)the U.S. wanted to keep communism from gaining a stronghold so close to U.S. borders.

Question 53

In 1960,____ became prime minister of the Congo.

A)Kwame Nkrumah
B)Jacobo Arbenz
C)Patrice Lumumba
D)Jomo Kenyatta
E)Muhammad Mossadegh

Question 54

The partition of ____ from India was mainly the result of divisions between Hindu and Muslim factions.

A)Nepal
B)Tibet
C)Afghanistan
D)Pakistan
E)Bhutan

Question 55

Although popular in the beginning of his rule,why was Sukarno eventually turned out of office in Indonesia?

A)He had difficulty defeating the Dutch military, still present in Indonesia.
B)He could not win the popular vote of the people.
C)He turned to the Soviet Union for aid and expertise.
D)He suspended the constitution.
E)He lost support due to his erratic policies, and the Indonesian military took power.

Question 56

The United States entered into a military agreement with Pakistan because the United States

A)saw India as an ally of the Soviet Union.
B)thought Pakistani Muslims supported the Soviet Union.
C)feared a communist-backed invasion from India.
D)wished to stabilize the new government of Pakistan and establish democracy.
E)planned an invasion of communist Nepal.

Question 57

The Cultural Revolution was a leap backward for China in many ways.What was NOT one of these?

A)Red guards crippled the government by purging experts and rightists.
B)Important members of society were criticized and humiliated.
C)Mao was declared as the source of all wisdom.
D)The movement became an out-of-control insurgency attacking Mao.
E)The military had to be used to repress the Red Guards.

Question 58

The Tlatelolco Massacre was an uprising to protest

A)the Summer Olympic Games being held in Mexico City.
B)the Vietnam War.
C)the closing of the National University.
D)American alliance with the government of Mexico.
E)NAFTA.

Question 59

The student and youth protests of the 1960s stemmed from

A)fears brought on by the Cold War.
B)new  trends in music.
C)opposition to communism.
D)young people's desire for a world that was different from that of their parents.
E)the younger generation's refusal to return to the harsh conditions of the Great Depression.

Question 60

Between 1967 and 1975,dictatorships were a rising political force in Latin America,justifying repression in the name of

A)fighting United States domination.
B)anticolonialism.
C)anticommunism.
D)social reform.
E)anti-neocolonialism.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms
Central Intelligence Agency

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Fidel Castro

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Agrarian Reform Law

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
Ernesto "Che" Guevara

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Stalinism

Question 66

The greatest achievement of détente was

A)the split between China and the Soviet Union as allies.
B)the end of the Vietnam War.
C)creation of the European Economic Community.
D)SALT.
E)Richard Nixon's trip to China.

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Defense of the revolution

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Hungarian Uprising

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
Bay of Pigs

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Salvador Allende

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Great Leap Forward

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
apartheid

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
"Let a hundred flowers bloom"

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
People's Liberation Army

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
"reds" and "experts"

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
Stasi

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Non-Aligned Movement

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Jomo Kenyatta

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
"Swim like fishes in the sea"