Deck 1: Maritime Expansion in the Atlantic World,1400–1600

Question 1

Various historical evidence points to the migration of various peoples to Central Mexico around

A)1000.
B)1400.
C)1200.
D)800.
E)500.

Answer 1

1200.

Question 2

The lowest ranking people in Nahua society were

A)soldiers.
B)craftsmen.
C)peasants.
D)merchants.
E)slaves.

Answer 2

slaves.

Question 3

The most important Nahua deity,the ____,controlled agriculture and crops.

A)first mother
B)first fire
C)stars
D)moon
E)sun

Answer 3

sun

Question 4

The Mexica troops fitted their weapons with blades made from

A)silver.
B)stone.
C)obsidian.
D)iron.
E)bronze.

Question 5

The traditions of Aztec human sacrifice and blood rituals were probably related to

A)the death of an elderly princess by Huitzilopochtli.
B)the pregnancy of a princess by Huitzilopochtli.
C)Huitzilopochtli killing and dismembering the priestess's daughter.
D)demands from Huitzilopochtli for sacrifices.
E)something that cannot be determined since there is no available source or record.

Question 6

Who was eligible for entry into the highest heaven of the Nahua?

A)Priests
B)Men who learned to read
C)Women who died in childbirth
D)Human sacrifices
E)Peasant farmers

Question 7

What was the major weakness of the Aztec empire?

A)Its failure to fully incorporate subject peoples into Aztec society
B)Its small population and low growth rate
C)Its unwillingness to add new territory to the Aztec homeland
D)Its lack of a large and impressive capital
E)Its lack of a military tradition

Question 8

In what way were the Inca similar to the Aztec?

A)The empire was developed in the Andes.
B)They practiced human sacrifice.
C)Defeated people were integrated into the empire.
D)Defeated people were often resettled to avoid rebellion.
E)Peoples who had been defeated owed labor and military service to the empire.

Question 9

Sahagún's research method centered on

A)physical analysis of Nahua artifacts.
B)study of archival sources.
C)comparative linguistics.
D)archeological excavations.
E)the questioning of Nahua elders.

Question 10

The Nahua deities were believed to subsist on

A)human blood.
B)nothing but air.
C)gold nuggets.
D)the feathers of song birds.
E)bread and water.

Question 11

The Aztec were forced to go to war on a continuous basis because

A)soldiers relied on plunder.
B)they needed prisoners to sacrifice to their gods.
C)they needed slaves to work in their mines.
D)their major god was a god of war.
E)chiefs retained their respect only if they won victories.

Question 12

The name of the patron god of the Aztec means "the ____ of the south."

A)hummingbird
B)owl
C)falcon
D)golden parrot
E)gray bat

Question 13

The Aztec writing system was

A)copied from the Maya.
B)a type of rebus writing.
C)purely pictographic.
D)not associated with sound.
E)not associated with grammar and spelling.

Question 14

Which of these tasks did the Nahua consider to be women's work?

A)Ancestor worship
B)Harvesting crops
C)Grinding corn
D)Leading soldiers in battle
E)Buying and selling

Question 15

Columbus's voyages

A)connected Europe with the Americas in a new way.
B)were sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church.
C)were the first European voyages to reach the Americas.
D)took place in the midst of the European Reformation.
E)were paid for by the king and queen of France.

Question 16

An ayllu was a

A)religious leader.
B)older woman.
C)skilled warrior.
D)well-defined territory.
E)kin group

Question 17

The humanists admired the culture of

A)China and Japan.
B)Africa and India.
C)Greece and Rome.
D)Arabs and Mongols.
E)Egyptians and Persians.

Question 18

By 1500,the Mexica ruled over a subject population of

A)50 to 60 million.
B)15 to 20 million.
C)400,000 to 500,000.
D)1 to 2 million.
E)4 to 6 million.

Question 19

Which of these crops originated in the Americas?

A)Apples
B)Oats
C)Barley
D)Wheat
E)Corn

Question 20

The Nahua Great Speaker was

A)in charge of all matters except war.
B)similar to a European mayor.
C)never allowed to marry.
D)treated like a god.
E)chosen from the common people.

Question 21

What technique was used by the Incas to control the actions of the people they had conquered?

A)They enslaved women and children to avoid attack.
B)They held important members of the royal family hostage.
C)They kidnapped religious images belonging to the defeated peoples.
D)They kept the defeated peoples in walled compounds at night.
E)They chanted insulting and humiliating songs in the presence of defeated leaders.

Question 22

Which of these European nations made a concerted effort to involve itself in the African slave trade in the mid-fifteenth century?

A)England
B)France
C)Portugal
D)The Netherlands
E)Belgium

Question 23

Inca rulers were chosen by

A)a system similar to tanistry.
B)the sun-god priest.
C)being the eldest son.
D)a council of important members of the mother's side of the family.
E)a council of important members of the father's side of the family.

Question 24

The term "Renaissance" means

A)new light.
B)beauty.
C)perfection.
D)new start.
E)rebirth.

Question 25

The Inca resembled the ____ because they treated enemies gently if they surrendered.

A)Maya
B)Mongols
C)Ottomans
D)Ming dynasty
E)Jurchen

Question 26

During the time of the Aztec and Inca,changes were taking place in Europe,which included

A)Dutch and Belgians venturing out into unknown waters of the Atlantic.
B)people gaining new knowledge from reading Arabic and Persian books.
C)expansion of the number of books available, even though they were still hand-copied.
D)the founding of colonies on the Madeira and Canary Islands.
E)the exploration of the Pacific by sailing around Africa.

Question 27

One of the earliest humanists was ____,an Italian poet,who thought that scholasticism was too broad and abstract.

A)Cicero
B)Petrarch
C)Plato
D)Aristotle
E)Fedele

Question 28

Who led an expedition that circumnavigated the globe?

A)Balboa
B)De Gama
C)Magellan
D)Vespucci
E)Cabot

Question 29

The main reason the Inca conquered neighboring lands was because they

A)wanted the crops and goods such lands produced.
B)believed it was their religious obligation.
C)wanted a larger population.
D)saw such lands as military threats.
E)needed land for their growing population.

Question 30

Ordinary people of the Inca empire lived in groups called ayllu,whose characteristics did NOT include

A)residing in small kin networks.
B)belief in a single god.
C)working land in zones to prevent agricultural disaster.
D)belief in a common ancestor.
E)marriage in subgroups.

Question 31

For what innovation is Johannes Gutenberg credited?

A)Printing the first map that showed the Americas
B)Inventing movable type
C)Printing the first European book with movable type
D)Translating the Mayan writing system
E)Promoting the early humanists

Question 32

The population census of the Inca empire was recorded on

A)metal cubes.
B)walls of temples.
C)bones.
D)knotted strings.
E)white bark strips.

Question 33

Columbus believed that his trans-Atlantic voyages brought him to

A)Mongolia.
B)Siam.
C)India.
D)China.
E)Japan.

Question 34

The Sapa Inca claimed descent from

A)the first human.
B)the sun-god.
C)a jaguar.
D)the wife of the moon.
E)an alien from another planet.

Question 35

The Incas created storehouse systems to

A)use in the temples.
B)support large landowners.
C)provide for the army.
D)provide donations to the gods and mummies.
E)support the Inca trade system.

Question 36

The Inca

A)had strong notions of racial superiority.
B)failed to incorporate subject peoples into their society.
C)allowed local leaders to continue to serve.
D)slaughtered all people they conquered.
E)saw subject peoples as vermin.

Question 37

Inca knowledge of metallurgy extended to

A)creating iron implements.
B)manufacturing iron agricultural tools.
C)making magnetic needles.
D)making bronze.
E)creating light fighting armor.

Question 38

The last Muslim outpost in Spain,____,fell in 1492.

A)Balboa
B)The Basque lands
C)Aragon
D)Granada
E)Castile

Question 39

Once chosen as the leader of his peoples,the Sapa Inca

A)ate special foods.
B)could be removed by the aristocracy.
C)chose a wife from the father's side of the family.
D)wore unusual clothing.
E)ruled with the sun-god Priest.

Question 40

Which of these people was the lowest tier of the Inca aristocracy?

A)Close relatives of the ruler
B)Relatives of previous rulers
C)Rulers of groups the Incas had conquered
D)Ancestors of the ruler
E)Merchants and traders

Question 41

Unlike Europeans,the Chinese had no concept of

A)empire.
B)a nation-state.
C)exploration for exploration's sake.
D)religion.
E)a colony.

Question 42

In what way was the Spanish encomienda system the same as the system used by earlier Aztec and Inca rulers?

A)The native populations' revenues were taxed.
B)Revenues were acquired through military conquests of various neighboring peoples.
C)Local Spanish officials collected revenues by use of native labor or tributes.
D)All revenues received through native labor or tributes went directly to the monarch.
E)All revenues received through native labor or tributes went to the church for teaching the natives about Christianity.

Question 43

How was America depicted on the Waldseemüller map published in 1507?

A)America was not shown on the map.
B)America was shown as a separate continent from Asia.
C)America was depicted as envisioned by Columbus, who considered it part of Japan.
D)America was shown as part of the Spanish empire.
E)North America was not shown.

Question 44

The Nahua compared the horses of the Spanish to

A)their own gods.
B)the dark side of their religion.
C)special gods of the Spanish.
D)the indigenous deer of their own forests.
E)reincarnated former enemies returning as Spanish allies.

Question 45

The Inca eventually fell to Pizarro and his troops because

A)Atahualpa fled to avoid the same fate as Moctezuma.
B)the Inca high priests saw the Spanish as the coming of their own gods.
C)the Spanish had been decimated by malaria.
D)the Spanish refused to negotiate with Atahualpa.
E)smallpox had already weakened the ranks and leadership of the Inca.

Question 46

What disease played a key role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico?

A)Typhoid
B)Cholera
C)Mumps
D)Yellow fever
E)Smallpox

Question 47

Many Europeans believed that Cape Bojador marked the beginning of

A)the Pacific Ocean.
B)the edge of the earth.
C)Muslim territory.
D)the frigid zone.
E)the torrid zone.

Question 48

Although Cabral claimed Brazil for the Portuguese,few Portuguese migrated to the area because

A)they feared hostile native peoples.
B)the area was infected with malaria and other tropical diseases.
C)no important resources were found that would have invited further development.
D)Portuguese claims were negated by the Treaty of Tordesillas.
E)the Portuguese refused to allow the introduction of the encomienda system.

Question 49

The Spanish arrived in the Inca empire in the immediate aftermath of a/an

A)religious conflict.
B)invasion by a rival power.
C)three-year famine.
D)civil war.
E)series of earthquakes.

Question 50

European merchants,primarily from ____,helped to create interest in areas outside Europe,and in exploration.

A)Lisbon and Madrid
B)London and Paris
C)Florence and Vienna
D)Seville and Barcelona
E)Genoa and Venice

Question 51

The Tlaxcalans were

A)the Spaniards' most important allies against the Mexica.
B)a peaceful people who lacked an army.
C)friendly to the Spanish from the start.
D)uninterested in the conflict between the Spanish and the Mexica.
E)wiped out completely by the Spanish.

Question 52

What was the initial experience of the encounter of the Spanish in Tenochtitlan?

A)Together, the natives of the city and the Tlaxcalans were able to fight off the Spanish.
B)Moctezuma would not allow the Spanish to enter the city.
C)Tenochtitlan seemed abandoned by its natives who fled in fear of Spanish arms and horses.
D)The Great Speaker allowed the Spanish to enter the city unharmed.
E)Cortés ordered the execution of Moctezuma.

Question 53

The description of the encounter between the Spanish and Nahua was written from the Nahua perspective by

A)Malinche.
B)the Great Speaker.
C)Cortés.
D)Fray Bernardino de Sahagún.
E)Columbus.

Question 54

Columbus believed that

A)he was a semi-divine being.
B)the world was 50,000 miles in diameter.
C)he discovered a new continent.
D)the world was equal parts land and water.
E)the distance from Europe to Japan was about 2,700 miles.

Question 55

Why was Malinche crucial to Cortés in his conquest of Mexico?

A)She was married Cortés.
B)She was a former Maya noblewoman.
C)Knowing Nahuatl, Mayan, and Spanish, she acted as an interpreter.
D)She was regarded as a spiritual leader among the Nahua peoples.
E)She served as a spy for Spain.

Question 56

Who was at the top of the social structure of Spanish America?

A)Those of mixed Indian-European descent
B)Those of European descent, but born in the Americas
C)Those born in Europe
D)Those of Indian descent
E)Non-Spanish Europeans

Question 57

The Treaty of Tordesillas,signed between Spain and Portugal

A)was not challenged by the rest of Europe.
B)was rejected by the pope.
C)allowed the various peoples met by the Spanish and Portuguese to govern themselves.
D)rejected slavery.
E)stipulated that areas ruled by Christian leaders were not affected, but the rest of the world was divided between the two countries.

Question 58

Why did Spanish and Portuguese scholars reject Columbus's proposal to sail to the Indies by way of the Atlantic?

A)They believed the route he planned would take him into the frigid zone.
B)They thought landmass of the Americas was too large to circumnavigate.
C)They thought Columbus's calculations made the world too big.
D)They believed the trip from Spain to Japan was longer than Columbus realized.
E)They cited other passages in the Bible that rejected Columbus's passages.

Question 59

What made Columbus state that the earth was not round but had the shape of a pear?

A)He believed the ocean tilted upward.
B)His compass measurements were incorrect.
C)He agreed with the conclusions of Ptolemy.
D)He disagreed with the conclusions of Ptolemy.
E)He relied on earlier Roman and Greek maps.

Question 60

Starting around ____,European navigators began to sail past the Straits of Gibraltar into the Atlantic Ocean.

A)1050
B)1150
C)1350
D)1250
E)1450

Question 61

What was true about smallpox?

A)It was transmitted via mosquitoes.
B)Its victims were contagious for about a week.
C)Its symptoms included fevers and vomiting.
D)It worst effects lasted a month; then a person either died or lived with scars.
E)It could be cured with herb-based medicines.

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Huitzilopochtli

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Aztec empire

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
Nahua system of writing

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Sahagún

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
ayllu

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Cassandra Fedele

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Tenochtitlan

Question 69

What did Columbus bring to the Americas on his second voyage in 1493?

A)Squash
B)Peanuts
C)Potatoes
D)Corn
E)Wheat

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
caravel

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
Uru

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
quipu

Question 73

Which disease likely travelled from the Americas to Europe?

A)Mumps
B)Syphilis
C)Smallpox
D)Typhoid
E)Bubonic plague

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
Skull-mask

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
Inca empire

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Christopher Columbus

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
humanism

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
"precious water"

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Paradise of the Sun-God

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
altepetl