Deck 2: Normative Theories of Ethics

Question 1

For Kant, the subjective principle of an action is known as a

A)Rule
B)Virtue
C)Imperative
D)Maxim

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The view that we should always act so as to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions is known as

A)Virtue ethics
B)Divine command ethics
C)Deontology
D)Utilitarianism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A.C.Ewing criticized

A)Deontological principles
B)Act utilitarian principles
C)Virtue ethics
D)Divine command theory

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The "hedonic calculus" was developed by

A)Epicurus
B)Mill
C)Bentham
D)Kant

Question 5

By "good" utilitarians mean

A)Happiness or pleasure
B)Morality or virtue
C)Wealth or prosperity
D)Desire satisfaction

Question 6

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill both endorsed

A)Virtue ethics
B)Divine command ethics
C)Deontology
D)Utilitarianism

Question 7

Someone who holds that everyone should let self-interest guide their actions is a

A)Personal egoist
B)Personal hedonist
C)Impersonal egoist
D)Impersonal hedonist

Question 8

For Kant, nothing is good in itself except

A)God's law
B)God's will
C)A good will
D)Good consequences

Question 9

The unnecessary buying and selling of stocks to generate commissions is known as

A)Gouging
B)Churning
C)Emptying
D)Stocking

Question 10

Kant held that humanity should always be treated as

A)Mere means
B)Ends in themselves
C)Instruments of will
D)Utility maximizers

Question 11

The view that equates morality with self-interest is

A)Stoicism
B)Egoism
C)Hedonism
D)Platonism

Question 12

Nonconsequentialist theories are also called

A)Deontological theories
B)Relativist theories
C)Egoistic theories
D)Virtue ethics theories

Question 13

Kant believed that moral rules can, in principle, be known from

A)Observation only
B)God's revelation
C)Reason alone
D)The use of intuition

Question 14

Psychological hedonists hold that humans are by nature

A)Virtuous
B)Selfish
C)Altruistic
D)Immoral

Question 15

The view that it is morally acceptable for individuals to pursue their own self-interests while engaged in business is called

A)Business privilege
B)Business egoism
C)Business hedonism
D)Business practice

Question 16

Kant's theory is

A)Utilitarian
B)Egoistic
C)Nonconsequentialist
D)Hedonistic

Question 17

Adam Smith argued that if business is left to pursue its own self-interest

A)The good of society will be served
B)The morality of society will be undermined
C)Great injustices will develop
D)The good of society will be undermined

Question 18

Which theories of ethics contend that right and wrong are determined by more than the likely consequences of an action?

A)Egoistic theories
B)Nonconsequentialist theories
C)Relativist theories
D)Consequentialist theories

Question 19

Kant held that a moral law must have

A)Good consequences
B)Universal acceptability
C)Particular acceptability
D)Religious backing

Question 20

Epicurus was a

A)Stoic
B)Hedonist
C)Platonist
D)Aristotelian

Question 21

According to V.R.Ruggiero, how many concerns are common to most ethical systems?

A)Two
B)Three
C)Four
D)Five

Question 22

The view that the utilitarian standard should be applied to moral codes as a whole is

A)Act utilitarianism
B)Rule utilitarianism
C)Virtue utilitarianism
D)Prima facie utilitarianism

Question 23

Human rights are universal.

Question 24

W.D.Ross endorsed utilitarianism.

Question 25

Under eminent domain the government can appropriate private property for public use.

Question 26

Utilitarianism provides a clear and straightforward basis for formulating and testing policies.

Question 27

The ethical perspective of W.D.Ross is

A)Monistic
B)Pluralist
C)Theistic
D)Epicurean

Question 28

W.D.Ross believed that all (or most) of our obligations are

A)Kantian obligations
B)Utilitarian obligations
C)The obligations of etiquette
D)Prima facie obligations

Question 29

Bentham and Mill had the same conception of pleasure.

Question 30

Kant's categorical imperative holds that we should always act in such a way that we can will the maxim of our action to be universal law.

Question 31

All egoists endorse hedonism.

Question 32

Utilitarianism requires us to disregard our own pleasure.

Question 33

A prima facie obligation cannot be overridden.

Question 34

Actions affect people to different degrees.

Question 35

A common objection to ethical egoism is that it ignores blatant wrongs.

Question 36

Egoists can identify the good with knowledge.