Deck 8: Policing Within The Law

Question 1

The key to creating voluntary contact with citizens is __________.

A) request cooperation
B) establishing rapport
C) police appearance
D) none of the other choices

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When police officers detain a suspect with less than probable cause,_________.

A) it is always unconstitutional
B) it is an illegal seizure
C) it is called a detention
D) it is always unconstitutional and it is an illegal seizure
E) none of the other choices

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The __________ allows police to question suspects without first giving the Miranda warning.

A) exclusionary rule
B) public safety exception
C) probable cause doctrine
D) pretext stop
E) there is no such provision-police must always give the Miranda warning before questioning suspects

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Informational probable cause can be established from information garnered from __________.

A) police informants
B) police broadcasts
C) police bulletins
D) crime victims
E) all of the other choices

Question 5

Probable cause is based primarily on __________.

A) observations by officers
B) officer experiences
C) circumstantial factors
D) information communicated to officers
E) all of the other choices

Question 6

To be constitutional,searches and seizures must be based on __________.

A) inference
B) fact
C) suspicion
D) reasonable doubt
E) probable cause

Question 7

A search warrant will normally require the officers to knock and announce themselves.

Question 8

A stop is also called a threshold inquiry.

Question 9

Complete and otherwise credible information from an eyewitness,based on personal knowledge,is generally sufficient to establish probable cause.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding warrantless arrests?

A) Police may make a warrantless arrest for public offenses.
B) Police may make a warrantless arrest for felonies not committed in their presence if they have probable cause.
C) Police may not enter a dwelling to arrest without a warrant.
D) all of the other choices are true

Question 11

The major categories of informational probable cause include __________.

A) information forwarded by police to another police agency
B) victims of crimes
C) informants
D) witnesses
E) all of the other choices

Question 12

Which type of checkpoint was not upheld by the U.S.Supreme Court?

A) sobriety checkpoints
B) border checkpoints
C) informational checkpoints
D) drug checkpoints

Question 13

Officers should generally seek voluntary consent to search at night.

Question 14

A basic responsibility of police officers is investigating suspicious behavior.

Question 15

Plain view and the plain view doctrine are the same.

Question 16

A protective sweep is the same as a search incident to arrest.

Question 17

Once consent to search is given,it may not be withdrawn until officers are satisfied with their findings.

Question 18

Searches are intended to obtain incriminating evidence.

Question 19

The concept of probable cause is an American invention and is a little more than 200 years old.

Question 20

Reasonable means __________.

A) logical
B) justifiable
C) sensible
D) logical, justifiable and sensible
E) none of the other choices

Question 21

The authority to "stop and frisk" is __________.

A) independent of the power of arrest
B) dependent on the power to arrest
C) inherent in the Sixth Amendment
D) independent of the power of arrest, dependent on the power to arrest and inherent in the Sixth Amendment
E) none of the other choices

Question 22

__________ established that the rule of mobility cannot be applied unless there is actually a risk that the vehicle will be moved.

A) Coolidge v. New Hampshire
B) Carroll v. United States
C) Terry v. Ohio
D) United States v. Ash, Jr.
E) New York v. Belton

Question 23

Nighttime and no-knock refer to __________.

A) advice given by the prosecutor on when and how to serve a warrant
B) recommendations by a magistrate on when or how to serve a warrant
C) special provisions contained in search warrants
D) advice or recommendations by either the prosecutor or a magistrate on when and how to serve a warrant
E) none of the other choices

Question 24

A protective sweep is intended to protect __________.

A) the arresting officer from the danger posed by the arrestee
B) destructible evidence
C) the arresting officer from danger posed by unknown third parties
D) all of the other choices

Question 25

Sobriety checkpoints are a form of __________.

A) stop
B) seizure
C) arrest
D) stop, seizure and arrest
E) none of the other choices

Question 26

A stop is also called __________.

A) a field inquiry
B) an arrest
C) a protective sweep
D) a field inquiry, an arrest or a protective sweep
E) none of the other choices

Question 27

The intent of "stop and frisk" is governed by the __________ Amendment.

A) First
B) Second
C) Fourth
D) Fifth
E) Sixth

Question 28

The precedent for a warrantless search of an automobile resulted from __________.

A) Carroll v. United States
B) Miranda v. Arizona
C) Terry v. Ohio
D) Mapp v. Ohio
E) Chimel v. California

Question 29

The right to search an automobile depends on __________.

A) probable cause for believing the contents violate the law
B) the right to arrest the driver
C) the right to arrest an occupant
D) probable cause for believing the contents violate the law, the right to arrest the driver and the right to arrest an occupant
E) none of the other choices

Question 30

Which of the following is considered a forced entry?

A) opening an apartment door with a passkey given by a caretaker
B) opening a closed but unlocked door or window
C) breaking an inner or outer door or window
D) all of the other choices

Question 31

The basic legal considerations in a stop-and-frisk situation were set forth in the landmark Supreme Court decision of __________.

A) Chambers v. Maroney
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) Miranda v. Arizona
D) United States v. Ash, Jr
E) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 32

Technically,all searches are to be made _________.

A) incidental to a lawful arrest
B) under authority of a warrant
C) with consent
D) incidental to a lawful arrest, under authority of a warrant and with consent
E) none of the other choices

Question 33

The first part of the Fourth Amendment is called the "__________" clause.

A) reasonable search and seizure
B) warrant
C) mere suspicion
D) exclusionary
E) circumstantial

Question 34

The "harmless error" doctrine applies to cases involving the admissibility of __________.

A) evidence obtained without a warrant
B) fingerprints left at the scene
C) rumors
D) involuntary confessions
E) evidence obtained through entrapment

Question 35

In a search with consent,_________.

A) the consent must be free and voluntary
B) the consent may be in response to a claim of lawful authority to search
C) the search may be general
D) the consent must be free and voluntary, the consent may be in response to a claim of lawful authority to search and the search may be general
E) none of the other choices

Question 36

A search conducted with a warrant must be __________.

A) limited to a specified area
B) limited to the suspect's possessions
C) conducted only by the officer requesting the warrant
D) limited to both a specified area and the suspect's possessions
E) all of the other choices

Question 37

The Miranda warning must be given to __________.

A) persons before initial interviews by a polygraph examiner
B) persons before being interviewed by a probation or parole officer
C) suspects who are interrogated in the custody of the police
D) persons before initial interviews by a polygraph examiner, persons before being interviewed by a probation or parole officer and suspects who are interrogated in the custody of the police
E) none of the other choices

Question 38

A law enforcement officer is legally justified to search if _________.

A) no warrant has been issued but the search is incidental to a lawful arrest
B) no warrant has been issued but consent is given
C) a search warrant has been issued
D) a search warrant has been issued or no warrant has been issued but the search is incidental to a lawful arrest or consent is given
E) none of the other choices

Question 39

Suspects can waive their rights against self-incrimination and talk to police officers if which of the following conditions is met?

A) The waiver must be voluntary.
B) The waiver must be preceded by the Miranda warning.
C) The suspect must fully understand what rights are being given up.
D) The suspect must understand the possible consequences of waiving the right.
E) all of the other choices

Question 40

A protective search for weapons is known as __________.

A) an arrest
B) a score
C) a general search
D) a seizure search
E) a "stop and frisk"

Question 41

A search __________ is an order issued by a judge with jurisdiction in the area where the search is to be made.

Question 42

The __________ stipulates that lawful arrests require an arrest warrant.

Question 43

Outline and discuss the basic principles that underlie stop and frisk and the differences that distinguish them.

Question 44

All warrants must be based on __________.

Question 45

Explain the differences and similarities between a stop,a frisk,a search,a seizure and an arrest.

Question 46

The __________ must accept the burden of proof when items not specified in the warrant are seized.

Question 47

The courts have recognized the need for exceptions to a search warrant where __________ is involved,as in the case with automobiles.

Question 48

A magistrate is also called a(an)__________

Question 49

Outline and discuss the justifications that are set forth by the courts for reasonable searches.

Question 50

The court's definition of __________ is that area within the person's reach,also called the person's wingspan.

Question 51

__________ is anything illegal to own or have in possession,such as heroin or a machine gun.

Question 52

Compare and contrast the various kinds of probable cause.Give examples of each.

Question 53

List and discuss the special conditions applied to searches of vehicles.

Question 54

The defense of __________ comes into play when the government's deception actually implants the criminal design in the mind of the defendant.

Question 55

The constitutional standards for searches and seizures,including arrests,are contained in the __________ Amendment.