Deck 26: Animal Evolutionhuman Evolution

Question 1

The early hominin fossils are found in

A) Africa.
B) Asia.
C) Australia.
D) the South Pacific.
E) Europe.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primate-like mammals first arose about how many million years ago?

A) 95
B) 85
C) 55
D) 25
E) 15

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How long ago did Neanderthals go extinct?

A) 30,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 years ago.
C) 500,000 years ago.
D) 1 000,000 years ago.
E) 2,000,000 years ago.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were:

A) skinnier.
B) shorter.
C) more numerous.
D) more widely dispersed.
E) small brained.

Question 5

The great adaptive radiation of hominoids in the Miocene is attributable to

A) the proliferation of complex forests.
B) an extended cooling and drying trend.
C) the advent of bipedalism.
D) the evolution of a large brain.
E) changes in tooth structure.

Question 6

Hominins are characterized by

A) further expansion and elaboration of the brain.
B) bipedalism.
C) omnivorous feeding behavior.
D) further expansion and elaboration of the brain and bipedalism.
E) further expansion and elaboration of the brain, bipedalism, and omnivorous feeding behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a feature of New World Monkeys?

A) Flat face.
B) No opposable thumb.
C) Widely spaced nostrils.
D) Prehensile tail.
E) All of these.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a gorilla feature?

A) Spinal cord attach at rear of skull.
B) C-shaped spine.
C) Legs longer than arms.
D) Flat foot.
E) Opposable big toe.

Question 9

Which is not a typical feature of anthropoids?

A) Diurnal.
B) Good eyesight.
C) Color vision.
D) Carnivorous.
E) All of these.

Question 10

A hominin of Europe and Asia that became extinct nearly 30,000 years ago was

A) a dryopith.
B) Australopithecus.
C) Homo erectus.
D) Homo neanderthalensis
E) Homo floresiensis.

Question 11

Bipedal behavior and a skeleton adapted for bipedalism were not weeded out by natural selection because they

A) improved stability during locomotion.
B) enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment.
C) accelerated the development of binocular vision.
D) improved stability during locomotion and enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment.
E) improved stability during locomotion, enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment, and accelerated the development of binocular vision.

Question 12

All EXCEPT which of the following statements about Neanderthals is true?

A) Neanderthals diverged from modern humans around 500,000 years ago.
B) They lived in Europe and the Near East.
C) Neanderthals are direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.
D) Neanderthals brains were larger than those of modern humans.
E) They have no modern descendents.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a modern ape?

A) Gibbon.
B) New World Monkey.
C) Chimpanzee.
D) Gorilla.
E) Orangutan.

Question 14

How long ago did the hominin evolutionary line diverge from that leading to the great apes?

A) about 3 million years ago
B) between 10 million and 5 million years ago
C) during the Eocene epoch
D) less than 2 million years ago
E) about 1.5 million years ago

Question 15

What is not a feature of humans that differentiates us from apes?

A) Bipedalism.
B) Precision grip.
C) Larger brain.
D) Little body hair.
E) All of these.

Question 16

The conclusion that early hominins were bipedal is based in part on examination of

A) their S-shaped backbone.
B) the position of the foramen magnum.
C) footprints.
D) positions of the foramen magnum, S-shaped backbone, and footprints.
E) length of the femur.

Question 17

Neanderthals were members of

A) Australopithecus robustus.
B) Homo habilis (early Homo).
C) Homo erectus.
D) Homo sapiens.
E) none of these.

Question 18

Hominids evolved when the climate was

A) wet and hotter.
B) wet and cooler.
C) dry and hotter.
D) dry and cooler.
E) none of these.

Question 19

Neanderthal remains have never been found in:

A) Germany.
B) Asia.
C) North America.
D) the Middle East.
E) they have been found all these places

Question 20

Which of the following features is NOT an important evolutionary advancement in the evolution of the tree dwelling primates?

A) grasping hands and feet
B) depth perception
C) well-developed sense of smell
D) the ability to see in 3D
E) a large brain relative to body size

Question 21

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
primates

Question 22

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
hominins

Question 23

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
Neanderthals

Question 24

According to the multiregional model,

A) Homo erectus populations migrated out of Africa.
B) Homo erectus evolved further in regions beyond Africa.
C) Homo erectus populations gave rise to races of Homo sapiens.
D) Homo sapiens subpopulations originated in several separate locations.
E) all of these are true.

Question 25

Perhaps the greatest asset possessed by early hominins was

A) their use of many different kinds of foods.
B) the ability to walk without using the forelimbs.
C) a heavy, muscular build.
D) the ability to reason and learn.
E) less hair on the body.

Question 26

The earliest humans used tools to

A) assist in locomotion.
B) provide protection.
C) facilitate the processing of food.
D) ward off predators.
E) construct shelters.

Question 27

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
hominoids

Question 28

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b.lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c.lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d.modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e.Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Australopithecus

Question 29

The replacement model is supported by evidence from

A) the fossil record.
B) DNA sequencing data from mitochondria.
C) DNA sequencing data from chromosomes.
D) global climate change patterns.
E) all of these.

Question 30

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
Miocene

Question 31

Which species is considered most ancient?

A) Homo erectus
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Australopithecus africanus
D) Homo sapiens
E) Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Question 32

Which of the following statements is NOT a possibility even though the phylogenetic lineages for hominins are not definitive?

A) Homo preceded Australopithecus.
B) Homo sapiens is the most recent.
C) Australopithecus is probably more ancient than Homo.
D) Homo erectus preceded Homo sapiens.
E) Homo and Australopithecus may have evolved at the same time.

Question 33

Some researchers think H.floresiensis is a more common early human with a genetic or nutritional disorder.What other early human was thought of this way when their fossils were first discovered?

A) H.neanderthalensis
B) H.erectus
C) H.sapiens
D) H.ergaster
E) H.habilis

Question 34

Fossils of the earliest known true hominins are approximately how many millions of years old?

A) more than 20
B) about 10
C) between 7 and 2
D) less than 0.5
E) none of these

Question 35

Smaller teeth and jaws, presence of a chin, thin facial bones, and rounder, higher skull would be a partial description of

A) Australopithecus robustus.
B) Australopithecus boisei.
C) Homo habilis (early Homo).
D) Homo erectus.
E) Homo sapiens.

Question 36

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
australopith

Question 37

Which is not true of the fossils found on the island of Flores?

A) They are shorter than modern humans.
B) They have very small brains.
C) They are 200 000 years old.
D) They have a heavy brow ridge.
E) They are small.

Question 38

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a group that includes apes and humans
b.a population of Homo spp.that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c.the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d.organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e.an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g.an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h.bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i.a group including humans and human-like species
anthropoids

Question 39

Which of the following is a hominin?

A) chimpanzee
B) Australopithecus
C) baboon
D) chimpanzee and Australopithecus
E) chimpanzee, Australopithecus, and baboon

Question 40

The primate fossil named Lucy was

A) a dryopith.
B) an australopith.
C) a cercopith.
D) a prosimian.
E) none of these.

Question 41

What cultural trait is unique to hominins?

Question 42

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b.lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c.lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d.modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e.Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Neanderthals

Question 43

Did H.sapiens mate with H.neanderthalensis? How do we know?

Question 44

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a.Homo habilis
b.Homo erectus
c.Homo sapiens
d.Homo neanderthalensis
This species was the first known to use fire.

Question 45

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a.Homo habilis
b.Homo erectus
c.Homo sapiens
d.Homo neanderthalensis
Our own species evolved from this species.

Question 46

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a.Homo habilis
b.Homo erectus
c.Homo sapiens
d.Homo neanderthalensis
This species was the first Homo species definitely known to use tools.

Question 47

What skeletal features differentiate modern humans from apes, and what common purpose do all these differences serve?

Question 48

Why is it so difficult to identify the beginnings of the hominin line?

Question 49

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b.lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c.lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d.modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e.Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Homo sapiens

Question 50

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b.lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c.lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d.modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e.Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Homo erectus

Question 51

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a.Homo habilis
b.Homo erectus
c.Homo sapiens
d.Homo neanderthalensis
The Neanderthals belong to this species.