Deck 12: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

During prophase II,

A) a new bipolar spindle forms.
B) crossing over occurs.
C) chromosomes are single-stranded.
D) the cell is diploid.
E) the nuclear envelope re-forms.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of sexual reproduction?

A) It offers an alternative adaptation in a changing environment.
B) It is adaptive in coevolution situations.
C) Half of a parent's genome is passed on.
D) The genetic variation it provides may be useful in the future.
E) It yields offspring with novel combinations of traits.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The following questions refer to the figures above.
Which of the letters in the above figure represents the anther?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) none of these

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Meiosis typically results in the production of

A) two diploid cells.
B) four diploid cells.
C) four haploid cells.
D) two haploid cells.
E) one triploid cell.

Question 5

The cell in this illustration is in ____.

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase I.
C) anaphase I.
D) prophase II.
E) anaphase II.

Question 6

The essence of meiosis is that

A) gametes receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
B) diploid gametes are formed.
C) each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
D) haploid gametes are formed.
E) each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed.

Question 7

Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?

A) mother
B) daughter
C) sister
D) homologous
E) haploid

Question 8

The following questions refer to the figures above.
Which of the letters in the above figure represents the ovaries where eggs are produced?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) more than one of these

Question 9

Anaphase

A) involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
B) is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.
C) is initiated when the chromosomes begin to move apart.
D) results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
E) does all of these.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the figures above.
Which of the letters in the above figure represents male structures?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) more than one of these

Question 11

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

A) it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes.
B) homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.
C) the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved.
D) homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
E) all of these reasons are true.

Question 12

All of the following are TRUE of adaptive traits EXCEPT

A) they allow individuals to adjust to the environment.
B) they spread faster through populations of asexually reproducing organisms.
C) they spread faster through populations of sexually reproducing organisms.
D) variety results from mixing of the genetic traits.
E) all of these are true.

Question 13

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during

A) metaphase I.
B) telophase I.
C) prophase II.
D) metaphase II.
E) anaphase II.

Question 14

Crossing over occurs during

A) anaphase I.
B) metaphase II.
C) prophase I.
D) prophase II.
E) telophase II.

Question 15

Chromatids are

A) attached at the centriole.
B) a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.
C) attached at their centromeres.
D) identical until crossing over occurs.
E) attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.

Question 16

Sexual reproduction

A) leads to uniform characteristics within a population.
B) results in new combinations of genetic traits.
C) creates genetic clones.
D) requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
E) produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.

Question 17

During meiosis II,

A) cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.
B) sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
C) homologous chromosomes pair.
D) homologous chromosomes separate.
E) sister chromatids exchange parts.

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?

A) cytokinesis
B) pairing of homologues
C) formation of a bipolar spindle
D) crossing over
E) condensation of chromosomes

Question 19

Crossing over

A) generally results in binary fission.
B) involves centrioles.
C) involves breakages and exchanges between sister chromatids.
D) results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells.
E) does all of these.

Question 20

The above figure represents

A) individual genes from an asexual worm.
B) maternal chromosomes that are identical.
C) paternal chromosomes that are identical.
D) both maternal and paternal chromosomes.
E) none of these.

Question 21

In this generalized illustration of gametogenesis, the four cells in the right column should be labeled

A) sperm.
B) eggs.
C) ovum and three polar bodies.
D) secondary spermatocytes.
E) diploid.

Question 22

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true?

A) Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.
B) Both processes result in four cells.
C) Pairing of homologues occurs in both.
D) Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
E) Meiosis II resembles mitosis.

Question 23

Fertilization of plant gametes produces a

A) zygote.
B) gametophyte.
C) spore.
D) meiospore.
E) multicellular haploid plant.

Question 24

In plants, which of the following cells is(are) diploid?

A) egg
B) sperm
C) spore
D) leaf cell
E) spore and leaf cell

Question 25

If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 4 pairs of chromosomes, it can produce ____ different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes (disregarding crossing over).

A) 4
B) 8
C) 12
D) 16
E) 32

Question 26

Sperm are formed from the direct maturation of

A) sperm mother cells.
B) spermatids.
C) spermatogonial cells.
D) primary spermatocytes.
E) secondary spermatocytes.

Question 27

Polar bodies

A) are dumping places for excess genetic material.
B) have no known biological function.
C) are produced by meiosis.
D) will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg.
E) all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg."

Question 28

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions by using the five numbers below.
a.10
b.20
c.40
d.60
e.80
How many sperm would eventually be produced from 20 spermatids?

Question 29

Which of the following will NOT develop into one or more gametes?

A) spermatogonium
B) polar bodies
C) primary oocyte
D) spermatid
E) secondary spermatocyte

Question 30

Which of the following cells is NOT haploid?

A) secondary spermatocyte
B) sperm
C) primary oocyte
D) spermatids
E) polar bodies

Question 31

Which of the following is TRUE at the end of telophase I in corn (20 chromosomes)?

A) Each cell has 10 chromosomes.
B) Each chromosome is double-stranded.
C) Centromeres connect sister chromatids.
D) Each cell has 10 chromosomes, and each chromosome is double-stranded.
E) Each cell has 10 chromosomes, each chromosome is double-stranded, and centromeres connect sister chromatids.

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT produce variation?

A) crossing over
B) random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
C) asexual reproduction
D) genetic recombination of alleles
E) sexual reproduction

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes?

A) The haploid number is 23.
B) The diploid number is 46.
C) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D) Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
E) Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

Question 34

The illustration shows one possible outcome of the random alignment of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I.How many other possible arrangements exist?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 35

Gamete formation is

A) the result of the process of mitosis.
B) the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
C) the formation of sex cells.
D) the fusion of gametes.
E) a process that occurs only in asexually reproducing forms.

Question 36

Crossing over

A) increases variability in gametes.
B) happens only once per homologue pair.
C) occurs between sister chromatids.
D) prevents genetic recombination.
E) is followed immediately by separation of each of the chromatids.

Question 37

If a child more strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during

A) anaphase II.
B) metaphase II.
C) prophase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) telophase I.

Question 38

Chromosome segregation in metaphase I refers to which of the following statements?

A) The position where crossing over occurs is random.
B) The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in humans.
C) Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole.
D) The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random.
E) None of these refer to independent assortment.

Question 39

A pine tree is called a sporophyte because it

A) develops from a germinated spore.
B) produces spores by meiosis.
C) is haploid.
D) undergoes fertilization.
E) reproduces by both sexual and asexual means.

Question 40

There are ____ molecules of DNA in a developing human sperm cell at the beginning of prophase I.

A) 92
B) 23
C) 46
D) half as many (as compared to somatic cells)
E) twice as many (as compared to mature sperm)

Question 41

A diploid organism has a chromosome with 10 genes.It has a different allele for each gene on its two chromosomes.How many possible outcomes for chromosome destined for a gamete after meiosis exist?

Question 42

If crossing over occurred in mitosis, would it have an impact on the resulting cells?

Question 43

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
Recombination via crossing over occurs during this stage.

Question 44

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
New genetic combinations upon which natural selection can act are present after this stage.

Question 45

With __________, offspring inherit the same number and kinds of genes from one parent.

Question 46

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions by using the five numbers below.
a.10
b.20
c.40
d.60
e.80
How many ova (eggs) would eventually result from 20 primary oocytes?

Question 47

At __________, the fusion of two gametes produces a __________.

Question 48

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
Pairing of homologues occurs during this stage.

Question 49

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
Following this phase each individual cell is haploid.

Question 50

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions by using the five numbers below.
a.10
b.20
c.40
d.60
e.80
How many ova (eggs) would eventually result from 20 secondary oocytes?

Question 51

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
By the end of this phase the number of homologous chromosomes is reduced in half.

Question 52

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
During this phase homologues separate.

Question 53

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions by using the five numbers below.
a.10
b.20
c.40
d.60
e.80
How many sperm would eventually be produced from 20 primary spermatocytes?

Question 54

Why does meiosis in females produce only one viable gamete while meiosis in males produces four?

Question 55

With sexual reproduction, two genes for the same trait that are slightly different are called __________.

Question 56

Sexual reproduction has many benefits from a genetic standpoint.Can you think of any downside to sexual reproduction?

Question 57

__________ are regions in an organism's DNA that encode information about heritable traits.

Question 58

Classification.Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below.For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages.
a.prophase I
b.metaphase II
c.anaphase I
d.anaphase II
e.telophase I
During this stage the sister chromatids begin to separate.