Deck 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic

Question 1

As chief justice, John Marshall was known for his

A) pettiness and ambition.
B) high regard for legal precedents.
C) strong will and brilliant mind.
D) commitment to the Bill of Rights.
E) far-fetched interpretations of the Constitution.

Answer 1

strong will and brilliant mind.

Question 2

The legal precedent for judicial review was established when

A) the House of Representatives impeached Justice Samuel Chase.
B) the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
C) Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801.
D) President Adams appointed several "midnight judges" to the federal courts.
E) the Supreme Court challenged the constitutionality of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Answer 2

the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.

Question 3

Thomas Jefferson believed his mission as president included all of the following except

A) returning to the original spirit of the revolution.
B) reviving the republican experiment in government.
C) checking the growth of the federal government.
D) halting the decay of virtue.
E) supporting the establishment of a strong army and navy.

Answer 3

supporting the establishment of a strong army and navy.

Question 4

As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that

A) states' rights were protected.
B) the federal government could not crush individual liberties.
C) the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
D) the Supreme Court would be consulted before laws were passed.
E) Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.

Question 5

Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was most remarkable because it

A) finally brought the ideals of the Declaration of Independence to the White House.
B) marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.
C) enabled poor farmers and the working class to overthrow the American elite.
D) brought the principles of the French Revolution to America.
E) occurred with violence in only a few places.

Question 6

Thomas Jefferson was finally elected president by the House of Representatives when

A) a few Federalists refrained from voting.
B) Aaron Burr withdrew from the race.
C) Jefferson agreed to appoint John Marshall to the Supreme Court.
D) additional Jeffersonians became members of the House.
E) John Adams urged the Congressmen to vote for Jefferson.

Question 7

When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson as president

A) left practically all of them intact.
B) quickly dismantled them.
C) tried to redistribute them to the states.
D) attacked only the Bank of the United States.
E) vetoed any new tariffs.

Question 8

One of the first lessons learned by the Jeffersonians after their victory in the 1800 presidential election was

A) that foreign policy can override the most well-intentioned domestic concerns.
B) that America would have to abandon the gold standard.
C) that the federal judiciary was an obstacle to their programs.
D) that Hamilton had made it impossible to kill his bank.
E) that it is difficult to carry out campaign promises consistently when in office.

Question 9

The case of Marbury v. Madison raised the question of who had the right to

A) commit the United States to entangling alliances.
B) impeach federal officers for "high crimes and misdemeanors."
C) declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
D) purchase foreign territory for the United States.
E) appoint Supreme Court justices.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his support from

A) the South and West.
B) the middle Atlantic states.
C) the cities.
D) the upper classes.
E) New England.

Question 11

Upon becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans in Congress immediately repealed

A) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B) the charter of the National Bank.
C) the excise tax.
D) the funding and assumption of the national debt.
E) the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Question 12

Perhaps the greatest problems that John Adams and the Federalists faced in the election of 1800 was

A) fears that the Alien and Sedition Acts were only the first assaults on American freedoms.
B) the serious economic recession caused by international turmoil.
C) public frustration at Adams's refusal to take the country to war against France after feverish mobilization for war.
D) the continuing public resentment of Federalist pro-business policies.
E) the stories circulating about Adams's relationship with a slave woman.

Question 13

Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his

A) unswerving conformity to Republican party principles.
B) rigid attention to formal protocol at White House gatherings.
C) informality, simplicity, and frugality of style.
D) clumsiness in courting Congressional leaders.
E) invitation of the rowdy masses into White House gatherings.

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams's last-minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because

A) the men appointed were of poor quality.
B) they believed that the appointments were unconstitutional.
C) they did not want a showdown with the Supreme Court.
D) it was the defeated Federalist party's attempt to entrench itself in the government.
E) they opposed lifetime appointments for federal judges.

Question 15

Though Jefferson won the popular and electoral vote, a strange deadlock led to the election being decided

A) in the Senate
B) by the Electoral College.
C) in the House of Representatives.
D) by the Supreme Court.
E) in a duel between Vice President-elect Burr and Alexander Hamilton.

Question 16

The chief justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was

A) James Madison.
B) William Marbury.
C) John Marshall.
D) Samuel Chase.
E) John Jay.

Question 17

In the election of 1800, the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of all of the following except

A) having robbed a widow of her trust fund.
B) having fathered numerous mulatto children.
C) being an atheist.
D) secretly encouraging Aaron Burr to assassinate Alexander Hamilton.
E) engaging in sexual relations with one of his slaves.

Question 18

In the 1800 election Thomas Jefferson won the key state of New York because

A) of New Yorkers' resentment of Jefferson's nemesis, Hamilton.
B) Aaron Burr used his influence to turn the state to Jefferson.
C) Adams's threatened wars had badly injured New York's economy.
D) New Yorkers were not bothered by the charges of atheism against Jefferson.
E) Jefferson had a natural appeal for New York's urban ethnic voters.

Question 19

With Thomas Jefferson's election as president, the Democratic-Republican party

A) grew stronger and more unified.
B) displayed the essential contradictions of its ideology and supporters.
C) soon resented its leaders' lavish life-style.
D) grew less unified as the Federalist party began to fade and lose power.
E) sought to extend the Alien and Sedition Acts to punish their enemies.

Question 20

As president, Thomas Jefferson learned that many of the political principles he had promoted

A) were not really that admirable.
B) had to be reversed under the pressure of political realities.
C) had to be fought for even against members of his own party.
D) were being subverted by Federalist judges.
E) were inconsistent with the Constitution.

Question 21

Thomas Jefferson's first major foreign-policy decision was to

A) purchase Louisiana from France.
B) send a naval squadron to the Mediterranean.
C) drive the British out of the northwest forts.
D) purchase Florida from Spain.
E) form an alliance with Spain.

Question 22

Thomas Jefferson sent two envoys to France in 1803 with the essential goal of

A) preventing Napoleon from handing Louisiana back to Spain.
B) purchasing as much territory west of the Mississippi as they could get.
C) preventing Napoleon from fortifying New Orleans and St. Louis.
D) bribing the French foreign ministry into permitting Americans to deposit grain in New Orleans.
E) purchasing New Orleans to make it secure for American shippers.

Question 23

Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to expanding the U.S. navy when the

A) Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States.
B) U.S. Marine Corps was established.
C) French seized control of New Orleans and Haiti.
D) British fleet began impressing American sailors.
E) growing China trade required naval protection.

Question 24

Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of

A) American settlement of the Great Plains.
B) an overland trail to the Pacific.
C) steamboat navigation of the Missouri and Columbia River systems.
D) using Indian guides.
E) developing harbors on the Pacific coast.

Question 25

Thomas Jefferson had argued in the Kentucky Resolution that the final authority for determining the meaning of the Constitution should be

A) the House of Representatives.
B) the individual states.
C) the attorney general and the Department of Justice.
D) the president.
E) a special tribunal elected only when a difficult case arose.

Question 26

Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France because

A) he hated dealing with the French dictator Napoleon.
B) he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional.
C) Congress had not appropriated the additional funds he paid to buy the whole territory.
D) it meant forcibly adding a mixed-race population to the United States.
E) he knew it would lead to further conflicts with Britain.

Question 27

The British policy of impressment was a kind of

A) naval blockade.
B) economic boycott.
C) illegal conscription.
D) diplomatic pressure.
E) revenge for the American Revolution.

Question 28

Thomas Jefferson had strong misgivings about the wisdom of

A) states' rights.
B) maintaining a large standing army.
C) having the presidency and Congress controlled by the same party.
D) removing federal judges by the process of impeachment.
E) having political parties.

Question 29

The British navy attacked the Chesapeake because

A) the Chesapeake refused to allow impressment gangs aboard.
B) the British admiralty wanted to teach the Americans a lesson.
C) the Chesapeake had been raiding British merchant shipping.
D) it believed it was harboring British deserters.
E) the Americans refused to hand over suspected pirates.

Question 30

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Louisiana Purchase, (B) Chesapeake incident, (C) Burr's trial for treason, (D) Embargo Act.

A) A, B, D, C
B) C, D, A, B
C) A, C, B, D
D) D, B, C, A
E) B, D, C, A

Question 31

The difference in price between what Jefferson had authorized his negotiators to pay for New Orleans and West Florida and what they actually paid for all of Louisiana was

A) $5 million.
B) $15 million.
C) $25 million.
D) $110 million.
E) nothing.

Question 32

Thomas Jefferson distrusted large professional armies because they

A) were further from the people than the part-time militia.
B) always developed a destructive rivalry with the navy.
C) could be used to establish a dictatorship.
D) created an elite and arrogant officer corps.
E) might establish a military-industrial complex.

Question 33

After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr

A) fled to France.
B) organized a conspiracy to depose Thomas Jefferson.
C) tried to invade Cuba and bring it into the United States.
D) was arrested and found innocent of murder.
E) engaged in a plot to separate the western part of the United States from the east.

Question 34

The American naval war with Tripoli ended with

A) America's overthrow of the Tripoli government.
B) a substantial defeat of the main American fleet.
C) a peace treaty in 1805.
D) the French colonial conquest of North Africa.
E) the mediation of Islamic religious authorities.

Question 35

Napoleon chose to sell all of Louisiana to the United States because

A) he had been unable to re-conquer Santo Domingo from rebel slaves.
B) he was afraid that the British might seize Louisiana in a new war.
C) he did not want to drive America into the arms of the British.
D) he wanted money to finance his military schemes in Europe.
E) all of these.

Question 36

Thomas Jefferson saw large navies as dangerous because

A) they were generally more costly.
B) they were more likely to start a war.
C) they were harder to subject to civilian control.
D) they could embroil the Republic in costly and corrupting wars far from America's shores.
E) they were more easily taken over by foreign navies.

Question 37

The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because

A) the Chesapeake had seized British sailors.
B) they needed more men.
C) Parliament had authorized such methods.
D) American sailors had special skills they needed.
E) they did not really recognize American independence on the seas.

Question 38

To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, Thomas Jefferson

A) threatened war with Britain.
B) pushed through an embargo on all American foreign trade.
C) declared the U.S. would boycott trade with any nation that did not respect neutral rights.
D) proposed high tariffs on British and French goods.
E) tried to direct American trade to Latin America and Asia.

Question 39

John Marshall, as chief justice of the United States, helped to strengthen the judicial branch of government by

A) applying Jeffersonian principles in all of his decisions.
B) asserting the doctrine that the Supreme Court was the final arbiter of the Constitution.
C) making the Chief Justice the administrator of all federal courts.
D) requiring the attorney general to test legal principles before the Supreme Court.
E) increasing the number of justices on the Supreme Court.

Question 40

Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except

A) a rich harvest of scientific observations.
B) treaties with several Indian nations.
C) geographical knowledge of the previously unknown region.
D) a plausible American claim to the Oregon region.
E) an opening of the West to future exploration and trade.

Question 41

President James Madison made a major foreign-policy mistake when he

A) accepted Napoleon's promise to repeal its trade restrictions.
B) failed to suppress the war hawks in his own party.
C) permitted Napoleon to offer financial aid to the United States.
D) began compromising away America's neutral rights.
E) tried to use Russia as a counterweight to Britain and France.

Question 42

The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in

A) defeat of the Americans.
B) a split between the Shawnees and their tribal allies.
C) a declaration of war by the United States on Great Britain.
D) the expulsion of the Indians from east of the Mississippi.
E) William Henry Harrison becoming a national hero.

Question 43

Seafaring New England opposed the War of 1812 for all of the following reasons except

A) the Northeast Federalists sympathized with Britain.
B) it resented the Republicans' sympathy with the "butcher" Napoleon.
C) Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada.
D) it could result in more agrarian states.
E) they feared a Canadian invasion of New England.

Question 44

By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from

A) New England merchants and sailors.
B) white frontierspeople from the West and South.
C) Federalists.
D) the middle Atlantic states.
E) Irish and German immigrants.

Question 45

Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada because

A) there were too many French-speakers there.
B) Canadian agriculture and lumbering would compete with New England.
C) it would create more agricultural states sympathetic to the Democratic-Republicans.
D) they believed that the Canadians could never become Americanized.
E) they believed that a republic could not survive with such a vast territory.

Question 46

Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the

A) Battle of Tippecanoe.
B) Battle of the Thames.
C) Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
D) Battle of New Orleans.
E) Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Question 47

Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by

A) practically all Americans.
B) New England and the seaboard states.
C) very few people.
D) the West and South.
E) Federalists.

Question 48

James Madison and the more moderate Republicans turned to war with Britain primarily because

A) Madison was afraid that Tecumseh's alliance would make the Louisiana Purchase worthless.
B) the British naval policies were seriously damaging the American economy.
C) they believed it was the only way to restore confidence in America's national experiment with republicanism.
D) they thought that acquiring British Canada and Spanish Florida would add more agrarian states to the Union.
E) they saw this as a moment of great British vulnerability because of Napoleon's military successes.

Question 49

During the War of 1812, the New England states

A) tried to remain as neutral as possible.
B) provided supplies and financial aid to the British cause.
C) sent their militias to fight with the Canadians.
D) became the scenes of civil violence between antiwar Federalists and pro-war Republicans.
E) threatened to secede from the United States.

Question 50

Macon's Bill No. 2

A) re-opened trade with all nations except Britain and France.
B) required that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other.
C) forbade American trade with Britain and France but promised to re-open trade with whichever of the two nations first honored neutral rights.
D) repealed the Embargo Act of 1807.
E) demonstrated American economic strength in dealing with the European powers.

Question 51

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) war hawks enter Congress, (B) declaration of war on Britain, (C) Embargo Act, (D) Battle of Tippecanoe.

A) A, B, C, D
B) C, A, D, B
C) B, C, A, D
D) B, A, D, C
E) B, C, D, A

Question 52

Tecumseh argued that Indians should

A) adopt white culture but turn it against the whites.
B) establish an independent Indian nation in the Great Lakes region.
C) never cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed.
D) ally themselves with the French and Spanish.
E) adopt an offensive strategy to drive back white settlement.

Question 53

Thomas Jefferson's embargo failed for all of the following reasons except that

A) he underestimated the determination of the British.
B) he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade.
C) Britain produced a bumper grain crop in the embargo years.
D) new Latin American markets provided an alternative for the British.
E) he miscalculated the difficulty of enforcing it.

Question 54

President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion

A) actually aided the American agricultural economy.
B) adversely affected France's economy more than Britain's.
C) stimulated manufacturing in the United States.
D) permanently destroyed the Federalist party.
E) succeeded in forcing the British to halt the impressment of American sailors.

Question 55

The war hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to do all of the following except

A) further destroy the Indian alliance led by Tecumseh.
B) revive western farm trade with Europe.
C) capture Canada and possibly Florida.
D) retaliate for the British burning of Washington, D.C.
E) gain revenge for British maltreatment of U.S. sailors.

Question 56

After the defeat at Tippecanoe, Tecumseh and his supporters

A) surrendered to the Americans.
B) fled west to re-organize their forces.
C) split into factions backing either Tecumseh or Tenskwatawa (the Prophet).
D) turned to guerilla warfare against the Americans.
E) formed an alliance with the British against the Americans.