Deck 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction

Question 1

In 1865, Southern

A) whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence.
B) whites gladly emancipated their slaves.
C) blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
D) blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
E) blacks looked to the federal government for help.

Answer 1

blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.

Question 2

In his "10 percent plan" for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) former slaves the right to vote.
C) that 10 percent of white Southern property would be confiscated.
D) severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
E) a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.

Answer 2

rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.

Question 3

For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except

A) the ability to search for lost family.
B) the right to get married.
C) the opportunity to form their own churches.
D) the opportunity for an education.
E) the right to form political parties.

Answer 3

the right to form political parties.

Question 4

To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that

A) the rights of blacks were being protected.
B) the transition to black freedom would be difficult.
C) the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice.
D) presidential Reconstruction was working.
E) possibly the North had not really won the Civil War.

Question 5

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in

A) providing "forty acres and a mule" to freed blacks.
B) education.
C) the provision of food and clothing.
D) helping people to find employment.
E) securing black civil rights.

Question 6

From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi

A) moved North to work in industry.
B) emigrated to Africa.
C) migrated to the Caribbean.
D) moved into Kansas and formed communities there.
E) joined the Union Army to fight Plains Indians in the West.

Question 7

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction

A) was considerably harsher than Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) offered a large role to poor and working-class whites.
E) encouraged new Southern regimes that were dominated by the old planter elite.

Question 8

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to

A) guarantee freedom for the blacks.
B) create a stable and subservient labor force.
C) allow blacks to marry.
D) prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
E) create a system of justice for ex-slaves.

Question 9

Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president

A) because Lincoln's first vice president, Hannibal Hamlin, had displayed southern sympathies.
B) to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners.
C) as a safe choice in case Lincoln died in office.
D) as a poor white who balanced Lincoln's aristocratic background.
E) to appeal to Union soldiers and radical Republicans.

Question 10

In the postwar South

A) the economy and social structure were utterly devastated.
B) there was a turn from agriculture to industry.
C) northern investors were eager to develop the region.
D) there was a trained labor force ready to work.
E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.

Question 11

The Black Codes provided for all of the following except

A) a ban on jury service by blacks.
B) punishment of blacks for idleness.
C) a bar on blacks from renting land.
D) a restriction against black migration from the South.
E) fines for blacks who violated labor contracts.

Question 12

As a politician, Andrew Johnson had developed a reputation as

A) a supporter of the planter aristocrats.
B) an opponent of slavery.
C) an advocate of social reform.
D) a champion of the poor whites.
E) a secret Confederate sympathizer.

Question 13

The fate of the Confederate leaders after 1865 was that

A) most were jailed for an extended period of time.
B) Davis and Lee received life sentences and others were pardoned.
C) all were pardoned by December 1868.
D) none was ever allowed to hold political office again.
E) the majority went into exile in Brazil.

Question 14

____ believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded.

A) The War Democrats
B) The Supreme Court
C) President Lincoln
D) President Johnson
E) Congressional Republicans

Question 15

The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

A) a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
B) an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
D) a political arm of the Republican party.
E) a threat to state social service agencies.

Question 16

President Andrew Johnson believed that the Freedmen's Bureau

A) was a flawed but necessary agency.
B) should also assist poor whites.
C) should be supported by state rather than federal taxes.
D) was a potential source of Republican patronage jobs.
E) should be abolished.

Question 17

At the end of the Civil War, most white Southerners

A) reluctantly supported the federal government.
B) were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States.
C) declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States.
D) asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote.
E) still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just.

Question 18

For congressional Republicans, the most alarming aspect of the Southern states' swift restoration to the Union was that

A) the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
B) inexperienced Southern politicians would be elected.
C) the South might not elect blacks to Congress.
D) they would be forced to withdraw the Union Army from the South.
E) slavery might be re-established.

Question 19

Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War

A) was officially recognized by the Fifteenth Amendment.
B) led large numbers to move to the big cities in the North.
C) came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
D) caused the widespread scattering of black families.
E) was a source of considerable anxiety.

Question 20

The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated

A) that there were deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
D) that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
E) the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.

Question 21

The Radical Reconstruction state governments

A) were dominated by African Americans.
B) passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
C) were more corrupt than Northern state governments.
D) had all of their reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments."
E) failed to address the issue of education.

Question 22

The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except to

A) "keep blacks in their place"-that is, subservient to whites.
B) prevent blacks from voting.
C) keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting.
D) support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.
E) end radical Reconstruction.

Question 23

During Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles, which included all of the following except

A) participating in black church life.
B) monitoring state constitutional conventions.
C) participating in political rallies.
D) organizing mass meetings.
E) voting.

Question 24

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) required former Confederate states to pay their war debts.
B) prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office.
C) guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote.
D) achieved all the goals of the radical Republicans.
E) made women as well as blacks U.S. citizens.

Question 25

The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was

A) Johnson's blockage of the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) the creation of the sharecropping system.
C) Johnson's switch to the Democratic party.
D) the South's regaining control of the Senate.
E) Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.

Question 26

Which one of the following is least related to the other four?

A) scalawags
B) Ku Klux Klan
C) carpetbaggers
D) freedmen
E) Union League

Question 27

The fundamental issue at stake between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was

A) Johnson's style of campaigning.
B) Johnson's sympathy with poor white southerners.
C) whether the Southern states had to make substantial changes before being readmitted to the Union.
D) Johnson's lack of interest in educating and uplifting former slaves.
E) whether ex-Confederates could be elected to Congress.

Question 28

Political corruption during Reconstruction was

A) confined to the South.
B) located in the North.
C) present in both North and South.
D) present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana.
E) almost entirely conducted by blacks.

Question 29

In the 1866 congressional elections,

A) President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour.
B) radicals replaced moderates as the dominant faction in Congress.
C) voters elected an overwhelmingly Republican Congress.
D) Republicans gained control of the House but not the Senate.
E) a number of white southern Republicans were elected.

Question 30

Despite opposition and ridicule, Secretary of State Seward was able to persuade Congress to purchase Alaska partly because

A) it was suspected that there were large oil deposits there.
B) it would provide a strategic barrier against Japanese expansion.
C) Russia had been the European power most friendly to the Union during the Civil War.
D) Alaskan gold could help to stabilize the American financial system.
E) there was fear that the new Dominion of Canada would seize the Russian colony.

Question 31

Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that

A) federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South.
B) blacks should be the foundation of the southern Republican Party.
C) the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens.
D) Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
E) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.

Question 32

The immediate cause of Congress's impeachment of President Johnson and attempt to remove him from office was his

A) highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866.
B) quick readmission of Southern states to the Union in 1866.
C) dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867.
D) purchase of Alaska without congressional approval.
E) veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill.

Question 33

Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because

A) Secretary of War Edwin Stanton aided Johnson's defense by spying on congressional prosecutors.
B) radical Republicans recognized that Johnson's successor would be worse.
C) many people feared destabilizing the federal government.
D) it was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political.
E) Johnson promised to stop obstructing Republican policies.

Question 34

Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment because

A) they gave black women but not white women the right to vote.
B) they failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
C) contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists.
D) failed to define what constituted equal national citizenship.
E) they gave equal rights to African American males but not to women.

Question 35

The radical Reconstruction governments of the Southern states

A) gradually gained acceptance by many white southerners.
B) were, in the last analysis, propped up by the U.S. Army.
C) were largely unpopular even with blacks.
D) were held unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
E) were fundamentally corrupt and incompetent.

Question 36

The last of the Reconstruction era amendments to pass was the

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Eighteenth

Question 37

Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of

A) the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau.
C) an act to overturn the Black Codes.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
E) articles of impeachment against Johnson.

Question 38

Which of the following was not among the functions provided by the black Union League?

A) educating blacks in their civic duties
B) campaigning for Republican candidates
C) helping blacks migrate from the South to the North
D) building black churches and schools
E) recruiting militias to protect black communities

Question 39

The Ku Klux Klan could best be described as

A) an attempt to revive the Confederacy.
B) the military arm of the southern Democratic party.
C) a civic reform and service organization.
D) a movement for openly protesting Northern oppression.
E) a secret terrorist organization.

Question 40

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.
B) land for former slaves.
C) freedom to slaves.
D) freed slaves the right to vote.
E) education to former slaves.

Question 41

Most radical Reconstruction regimes in the South

A) expanded the property rights of women
B) established public-school systems.
C) were dominated by African-Americans.
D) were troubled by graft and corruption.
E) refused to permit southern whites to hold office.

Question 42

In contrast to President Johnson, most congressional Republicans believed that

A) the Southern states had really left the Union.
B) reconstruction should be on Congress's terms rather than the President's.
C) the Black Codes undermined the very purpose of the Civil War.
D) white voters who had backed the Confederacy should be disenfranchised.
E) Confederate leaders could be elected to federal office if they asked for pardons.

Question 43

Reconstruction might have been more successful if

A) Andrew Johnson had won reelection in 1868.
B) the U.S. army had more quickly suppressed the Ku Klux Klan.
C) control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner.
D) the federal government had not tampered with property rights.
E) Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.

Question 44

Under congressional Reconstruction, Southern states were required to

A) elect officials from the Republican party.
B) ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) give freed slaves the right to vote.
D) provide land and an education for former slaves.
E) protect black religious freedom.

Question 45

The Freedmen's Bureau

A) was a postwar welfare agency for former slaves.
B) was quite successful at providing education for former slaves.
C) distributed thousands of acres of land to former slaves.
D) advised former slaves to avoid signing labor contracts with their former masters.
E) remained an effective presence throughout Reconstruction.

Question 46

Congressional Reconstruction hoped to provide basic rights and protection for the former slaves in the South through

A) military reconstruction.
B) the Tenure of Office Act.
C) the Freedmen's Bureau.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
E) the Force Acts.

Question 47

Andrew Johnson was named Lincoln's running mate in 1864 because Johnson was a

A) conservative Republican.
B) patient and compromising personality.
C) pro-war Democrat.
D) loyal unionist from a Southern state.
E) bridge to the Copperheads.

Question 48

Reconstruction involved extended controversies over

A) readmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) civil and political rights for former slaves.
C) the freedom of slaves.
D) direction and control of the Reconstruction process.
E) treatment of former Confederate leaders.

Question 49

Among the legacies of the Reconstruction effort were

A) a national commitment to civil rights for all races in America.
B) establishment of economic and political guarantees for Southern blacks.
C) a long-term eclipse of Republican party strength in Southern states.
D) perpetuation of the ideas of states' rights and local self-government under the Constitution.
E) a sense of resentment and grievance among white Southerners.

Question 50

Radical Republican leaders in Congress included

A) Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania.
B) William Seward of New York.
C) Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.
D) Alexander Stephens of Georgia.
E) Boss Tweed of New York.

Question 51

Congress objected to the readmission of Southern states to the Union under Johnson's plan because

A) the states had adopted Black Codes that limited the civil rights of freed slaves.
B) the states had been readmitted without consultation with Congress.
C) many former Confederates were elected to high political office in those states.
D) it feared that the restored South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
E) many southerners still believed secession had been right.