Deck 34: Franklin D Roosevelt and the Shadow of War

Question 1

The essential principle of totalitarianism that united both left-wing communism and right-wing fascism was

A) a belief in the historic destiny of the working class.
B) an opposition to the religions of Christianity and Judaism.
C) the glorification of the state and disregard for the individual and his rights.
D) the doctrine of white racial superiority.
E) belief in warfare as a means of promoting national unity.

Answer 1

the glorification of the state and disregard for the individual and his rights.

Question 2

As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt

A) abandoned the Monroe Doctrine.
B) withdrew American marines from Haiti.
C) returned the Canal Zone to Panama.
D) returned the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control.
E) promised to grant Puerto Rico its independence by 1946.

Answer 2

withdrew American marines from Haiti.

Question 3

The thrust of Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policies in the early 1930s indicated that

A) restoring international order and expanding trade was a high priority.
B) America wanted to assert political domination over the Western hemisphere.
C) the United States no longer sought to be a major world power.
D) America wanted to end its alliance with Britain and France.
E) the focus of American interests would be in East Asia rather than Europe.

Answer 3

the United States no longer sought to be a major world power.

Question 4

In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,

A) Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
B) Hitler declared his intention to incorporate Austria into Germany.
C) Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan.
D) Britain and France acquiesced in the German reoccupation of the Rhineland.
E) Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war.

Question 5

The primary promoter of the view that American weapons manufacturers had pushed the United States into World War I was a Senate committee led by

A) Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin.
B) Senator William Borah of Idaho.
C) Senator George Norris of Nebraska.
D) Senator Robert Wagner of New York.
E) Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota.

Question 6

Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union,

A) Britain and France signed a similar agreement.
B) the Soviets attacked China.
C) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
D) Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets.
E) the Germans invaded Finland.

Question 7

America's neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 allowed

A) Hitler to conquer Spain.
B) the Loyalists to hold onto their stronghold of Barcelona.
C) Roosevelt and Franco to become personal friends.
D) the Soviets to aid the Spanish republic.
E) Spain to become a fascist dictatorship.

Question 8

In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of

A) Poland.
B) the free city of Danzig.
C) Austria.
D) Belgium.
E) Czechoslovakia.

Question 9

When the leftist Mexican government seized American oil holdings in 1938, Franklin Roosevelt

A) worked out an acceptable settlement that avoided war.
B) took the issue to the League of Nations.
C) sent substantial American forces to the border of Mexico.
D) demanded immediate and full compensation for U.S. oil companies.
E) froze Mexican bank assets and seized Mexican property in the United States.

Question 10

Franklin Roosevelt sabotaged the London Economic Conference of 1933 because

A) its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard.
B) he believed that stabilizing national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression.
C) he saw economic agreements as devices to get the United States into the League of Nations.
D) the Conference refused to deal with the issue of lowering German war reparations.
E) it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.

Question 11

Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy

A) created tensions with Britain and Spain, which both had interests in Latin America.
B) failed to reverse the drift toward fascism in Latin America.
C) was greeted with suspicion among many Latin Americans.
D) enabled the United States to establish military bases in Central America and the Caribbean.
E) began to overturn longstanding Latin American resentment of the United States.

Question 12

Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____,Hitler's invasion of ____, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____.

A) Egypt; France; Poland
B) Albania; Italy; Austria
C) Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain
D) Belgium; the Soviet Union; France
E) Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal

Question 13

Which of the following was not among the totalitarian dictators who emerged in the 1920s and 1930s?

A) Mohandas Gandhi
B) Benito Mussolini
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Adolf Hitler
E) Francisco Franco

Question 14

In proclaiming the Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, Franklin Roosevelt

A) withdrew American forces from northern Mexico.
B) promised future independence for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
C) promised to expand American aid and investment in Latin America.
D) effectively repudiated the Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
E) sought commitments from the Latin American nations to resist communist or fascist revolutions.

Question 15

Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

A) providing military aid to those nations under attack.
B) giving only humanitarian assistance to the targets of aggression.
C) beginning to build up their military forces.
D) promoting economic embargoes against aggressor nations.
E) retreating further into isolationism.

Question 16

Many American Catholics were hostile to the democratic Loyalist government of Spain because

A) it refused to establish diplomatic relations with the papacy.
B) it resisted Francisco Franco as a fascist dictator.
C) it refused to allow Americans to make pilgrimages to Spain.
D) it accepted military and economic aid from the communist Soviet Union.
E) it attempted to bribe U.S. officials into providing military assistance.

Question 17

Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" in 1937 resulted in

A) a strengthening of British resolve to resist Hitler and Mussolini.
B) a wave of protest by isolationists.
C) bipartisan support from both Democratic and Republican Congressional leaders.
D) a temporary halt to Japanese aggression in China.
E) a modification of the Neutrality Acts.

Question 18

Roosevelt's 1934 commitment to grant independence to the Philippines in 1946 was essentially motivated by

A) his strong opposition to America's earlier imperialism and colonialism.
B) his commitment to Woodrow Wilson's ideal of self-determination of peoples.
C) the threat of renewed guerilla warfare by Filipino nationalists.
D) the hope of making the Philippines a model democracy in Southeast Asia.
E) an isolationist desire to pull back from an expensive commitment in Asia.

Question 19

Taken together, the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war,

A) Americans could not sail on ships of the warring nations.
B) Americans could not sell weapons to the warring nations.
C) American bankers could not make loans to the warring nations.
D) Americans could not transport weapons to warring nations.
E) all of these.

Question 20

The passage of the Neutrality Acts and other isolationist policies of the 1930s resulted in all of the following except

A) abandonment of America's traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
B) a decline in the navy and other armed forces.
C) making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims.
D) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest.
E) a stiffening of British and French resistance to totalitarian aggression.

Question 21

Congress's first response to the shocking fall of France in 1940 was to

A) revoke all the neutrality laws.
B) expand naval patrols in the Atlantic.
C) enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis.
D) offer old American destroyers and battleships to Britain.
E) pass a conscription law to provide funds for a military buildup.

Question 22

During the 1930s and 1940s, the United States took in about ____ Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany.

A) one million
B) 20,000
C) six million
D) 150,000
E) 250,000

Question 23

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty.

A) A, C, B
B) B, C, A
C) C, B, A
D) C, A, B
E) A, B, C

Question 24

The Atlantic Charter signed by the United States and Britain in August 1941 called for

A) an American-British military alliance.
B) the United States to enter World War II by December 1941.
C) an end to the British and French colonial empires.
D) the establishment of democracy around the world.
E) national self-determination and a new League of Nations.

Question 25

Franklin Roosevelt declared that he would run for a third term in 1940 because

A) he thought that Republican Wendell Willkie represented big business and Wall Street.
B) America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.
C) there were no qualified Democratic candidates.
D) he had a close personal friendship with British prime minister Winston Churchill.
E) he believed that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice.

Question 26

On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans

A) had begun to question whether aid to Britain was worth the risk of war.
B) still wanted to keep the United States out of war.
C) had accepted the idea that America would soon enter the war.
D) were unwilling to fight to stop Japan's conquests in East Asia.
E) were ready to fight Germany but not Japan.

Question 27

By 1940 American public opinion had come to favor

A) taking control of defeated France's overseas colonies.
B) forming an alliance with the Soviet Union to resist Germany and Italy.
C) permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain.
D) maintaining strict neutrality.
E) providing Britain with "all aid short of war."

Question 28

In return for fifty old American destroyers, the British gave the United States

A) a major contract to supply weapons to the British army and navy.
B) scientific information valuable for developing the atomic bomb.
C) eight valuable naval bases stretching from Newfoundland to South America.
D) access to German military codes.
E) six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.

Question 29

All of the following factors contributed to the weakness and lateness of America's efforts to aid Europe's threatened Jews except

A) the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel.
B) the opposition of Southern Democrats in Congress.
C) the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924.
D) fear that a flood of Jewish refugees would add to unemployment during the Depression.
E) the reluctance of Secretary of State Cordell Hull.

Question 30

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because

A) President Roosevelt believed that the Japanese attack would come in Malaya or the Philippines.
B) no American officials expected that Japan would start a war with the United States.
C) Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the United States.
D) Hawaii was so heavily defended by American battleships and cruisers.
E) it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach near Hawaii.

Question 31

The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was

A) Poland.
B) Czechoslovakia.
C) Austria.
D) Belgium.
E) the Jews.

Question 32

Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?

A) Norway
B) the Netherlands
C) France
D) Poland
E) Finland

Question 33

Japan attacked the United States primarily because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan

A) withdraw from the Dutch East Indies.
B) leave China.
C) open its trade doors to American products.
D) break its Axis alliance with Germany.
E) reduce its naval buildup throughout the Pacific.

Question 34

After the destroyer Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk,

A) Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act.
B) the United States Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments.
C) Congress authorized the arming of American merchant ships.
D) Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones.
E) Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent.

Question 35

In May 1938, the Jewish refugee ship St. Louis arrived in Miami from Hamburg after being sent away from Havana, Cuba. Here, the Jewish refugees

A) were denied embarkation.
B) raised public awareness for the plight of Europe's Jews.
C) were processed like any other immigrants.
D) were drafted into the U.S. Army.
E) faced a hostile protest of German-Americans.

Question 36

The Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was

A) Indiana businessman Wendell L. Willkie.
B) Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft.
C) New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey.
D) Kansas Governor Alfred E. Landon.
E) Minnesota aviator Charles A. Lindbergh.

Question 37

American neutrality in World War II effectively ended when

A) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
B) Germany attacked Poland.
C) Germany conquered Norway and Denmark.
D) France surrendered to Germany.
E) Italy "stabbed France in the back."

Question 38

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, (B) Atlantic Charter, (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.

A) B, A, C
B) A, B, C
C) C, B, A
D) A, C, B
E) C, A, B

Question 39

Supporters of the Lend-Lease Act argued that

A) it provided necessary mobilization until America could enter the war.
B) it would stimulate the economy and end the Depression.
C) no military aid would ever be sent to the communist Soviet Union.
D) sending military aid would enable Britain to defeat Germany and keep America out of war.
E) arms manufacturers would not try to manipulate the United States into the war.

Question 40

The 1941 Lend-Lease Act was all of the following except

A) a focus of intense public debate between internationalists and isolationists all across America.
B) a direct challenge to the Axis dictators.
C) the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned.
D) the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production.
E) an executive deal negotiated between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill.

Question 41

At a secret conference aboard a warship in the North Atlantic Ocean, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agreed on the principles of

A) national self-determination of peoples.
B) international arms control.
C) neutrality.
D) collective security.
E) creating a new international organization.

Question 42

In the 1940 presidential election campaign, both President Roosevelt and the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, agreed that

A) the United States should supply military aid to Britain and the Allies.
B) the United States should enter the war if Britain surrendered to Germany.
C) the United States should strengthen its defenses.
D) it was time for the New Deal to be abandoned.
E) the U.S. military should directly aid China.

Question 43

As part of his plan to concentrate on alleviating the Depression at home, President Roosevelt's administration

A) torpedoed the international London Economic Conference.
B) withdrew American troops from the Panama Canal Zone.
C) abandoned the interventionist policy toward Latin America.
D) promised independence to the Philippines.
E) insisted that Mexico pay the United States for seizing American-owned oil wells.