Deck 18: Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal

Question 1

Who was black people's main ally within the Roosevelt administration?

A) Franklin Roosevelt himself
B) no one; the Roosevelt administration was very unfriendly to blacks
C) Eleanor Roosevelt
D) Harry Truman

Answer 1

Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 2

What did W.E.B.Du Bois criticize the NAACP for in 1934?

A) not filing enough legal cases to end segregation
B) being divided and not helping Marcus Garvey before he was deported
C) not putting enough emphasis on economic development for black Americans
D) for their record of violent protest against both segregation and lynching

Answer 2

not putting enough emphasis on economic development for black Americans

Question 3

Why did Charles Houston and Thurgood Marshall focus on gaining blacks access to professional and graduate schools?

A) They desperately needed more lawyers.
B) Almost no graduate schools existed for blacks in the South.
C) Black graduate schools had been outlawed by many southern states.
D) Blacks could only get high-paying, top jobs in corporations with graduate degrees.

Answer 3

Almost no graduate schools existed for blacks in the South.

Question 4

How did black voting patterns begin to change after the first election of Franklin Roosevelt?

A) Blacks continued to stay with the Republican Party, the party of Lincoln.
B) Blacks began to shift to the Democratic Party.
C) Blacks briefly formed their own separate party, just as they had formed separate churches and other institutions.
D) Blacks split over Roosevelt, with their support about evenly divided between him and Hoover in 1936.

Question 5

What does the story of the Binga Bank tell us about blacks during the Great Depression?

A) Some blacks were financially ruined by attempts to help other blacks.
B) Some black businesses were able to succeed despite the Great Depression.
C) Some blacks would turn on each other during the crisis for their own economic gain.
D) Black-owned businesses could be very corrupt and uninterested in black needs.

Question 6

How did the AAA benefit blacks?

A) It did not-it generally only benefited white landowners.
B) It poured money into the area in which many blacks were employed.
C) It provided food for blacks in the cities and the countryside.
D) It helped to reopen banks after the crisis and got savings returned to black investors.

Question 7

What was a goal of the Detroit Housewives' League,and housewives' leagues established in other cities?

A) to gain women the right to vote
B) to help increase black economic opportunity
C) to help children have cleaner schools
D) to compel equal pay for teachers in black schools

Question 8

What does the story of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company tell us about blacks during the Great Depression?

A) Some blacks were financially ruined through their attempts to help their community and other blacks.
B) Some black businesses were able to succeed even with the difficulties of the Great Depression.
C) Some blacks would turn on each other during the crisis for their own economic gain.
D) Black-owned businesses could be very corrupt.

Question 9

What did the NAACP's fight over the Terrell law demonstrate?

A) Racism was so entrenched in Texas that public schools could be completely shut down rather than accept black children.
B) Lynching could be legalized in several southern states.
C) Local and community involvement in NAACP activities was very important.
D) Whites would refuse to accept limits on the KKK's activities.

Question 10

What was the role of the "black cabinet"?

A) They were token blacks in the administration; they had no real power.
B) They helped the president formulate policy with respect to the Great Depression.
C) They helped reorganize the university system of the U.S.to eliminate segregation.
D) They pressured the government to create and support color-blind legislative policies.

Question 11

What was significant about the 1936 presidential election?

A) Black voters in the South shifted to the Republican Party.
B) Fewer blacks voted because violence and intimidation tactics were rampant.
C) Black voters outside the South shifted in significant numbers to the Democrats.
D) Whites refused to vote for Roosevelt because of his support for black political issues.

Question 12

Why did the all-white primary law disfranchise black voters in Texas when they could still vote in the general election?

A) It did not allow any blacks to vote in the general election either.
B) It limited the political candidates to whites so that blacks would have fewer options for improvement.
C) Texas was so heavily Democratic that the only contested election was the primary race.
D) It removed all black businesses, and blacks had no financial base to campaign for offices.

Question 13

How was Roosevelt unlike Hoover in his attempts to end the Great Depression?

A) Roosevelt merely implemented the changes Hoover wanted to put through.
B) Roosevelt had very intelligent people working for him.
C) He proved very flexible and willing to experiment with new changes and ideas.
D) Roosevelt was very committed to black rights and worked consistently through his presidency to gain rights for blacks.

Question 14

What did many blacks think about the role of the social sciences during the Great Depression?

A) Many thought social scientists should provoke additional research and thought only; they should to stay away from political issues.
B) Many intellectuals thought that they might improve race relations.
C) Blacks refused to get into the social sciences during the Great Depression, as this field was dominated by racist whites.
D) The social sciences would prove that racism, and the inferiority of blacks, was an accurate view.

Question 15

Why did President Hoover do very little during the Great Depression to alleviate poverty?

A) He was actually a very active president, but Congress refused to pass the huge variety of relief programs he proposed.
B) He believed that government, when it acted, should help only the wealthy and big businesses.
C) He strongly believed that individuals or charities, not the government, should help alleviate poverty.
D) Hoover was president for only the first few months of the Great Depression.

Question 16

What was a problem with the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

A) It only employed whites.
B) It employed few blacks in segregated camps.
C) It paid whites and blacks the same amount and provoked violent riots among workers.
D) Many workers were made sick because of the focus on urban industrial work in the CCC.

Question 17

What happened to most of the First New Deal legislation during the Great Depression?

A) The Supreme Court declared much of it unconstitutional.
B) Blacks were able to get it repealed through Eleanor Roosevelt.
C) White supremacists ended it because it benefited blacks politically.
D) Franklin Roosevelt changed his mind and decided to stop reforming the United States.

Question 18

What was the "Bronx Slave Market"?

A) an area in New York where white racists tried to re-institute the slave trade
B) an area in New York where black men could get jobs, which paid very little
C) an area in New York where white women could obtain day help from black women
D) a play by Langston Hughes about the difficulties of black life in the city of New York

Question 19

Who was Juanita Jackson?

A) She was the first black woman admitted to practice law in Maryland and through her legal cases helped destroy segregation.
B) She was the first woman to gain a recording contract with a major white label.
C) She was the first black doctor in the state of Georgia, although she was never allowed to practice medicine in the southern states.
D) She was killed by whites after having an affair with a white married man.

Question 20

How was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)unevenly implemented?

A) Control of AAA money was left to national boards.
B) White landlords often gave the money to more subservient blacks, rather than all of their tenants.
C) White landlords sometimes evicted tenants illegally from their land during the Great Depression.
D) Blacks were actually given first choice at AAA funding.

Question 21

How did the Railway Labor Act amendments of 1934 affect the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters?

A) It completely destroyed the union because it said that black people had no right to organize unions.
B) Its provisions eventually forced the Pullman Company to recognize the union and bargain with it.
C) It had no effect on blacks because it failed to include any provisions about unions.
D) It said companies had to bargain with unions, but was so weak it never had any real effect.

Question 22

Why did blacks move over to the Democratic Party during the 1936 election?

A) Blacks felt that Roosevelt had been doing more for them than any other president.
B) Blacks wanted to support the Democratic Party, especially in the South.
C) Blacks actually didn't begin to support the Democratic Party until after World War II.
D) Blacks hoped to continue the dramatic gains made during the 1920s in civil rights.

Question 23

How successful was the administration of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

A) It was limited completely to whites, in a compromise with southern congressmen.
B) It never had any money to spend on jobs programs and was limited by a small staff.
C) The WPA was limited to only about 1000 jobs and whites obtained all of the work.
D) The WPA was actually administered far more equally than previous programs.

Question 24

The results of the Second New Deal for blacks included which of the following?

A) the end of economic distress and poverty for blacks
B) the end of influence over President Franklin Roosevelt
C) the passage of an anti-lynching law to protect blacks from violence
D) legislation that enlarged the scope of the federal government which helped blacks

Question 25

Why were some blacks attracted to the Communist Party during the 1930s?

A) The Communist Party vowed to establish a separate nation for them in Africa.
B) The Communist Party said it was against racism, but never did anything to prove it.
C) The Communist Party worked to reduce unemployment and worked against racism.
D) The Communist Party was a large, mainstream party in the 1930s with many members.

Question 26

What did the case of the Scottsboro Boys involve?

A) two young communists accused of plotting to overthrow the government
B) two young white women who falsely accused nine black men of rape on a train
C) a case where blacks' schoolteachers had taught the concept of evolution rather than the Biblical story of the evolution of man
D) two young boys who were lynched by a group of whites for stealing candy from a white store owned by the local sheriff and police chief

Question 27

How were jobs allocated in the tobacco industry?

A) Overall, they were allocated fairly, and all positions were given out according to skills and ability.
B) Black women were generally the only workers in the tobacco industry, so they exercised a tremendous political clout.
C) They were allocated by race and gender and gave black women the most difficult and tedious jobs in the industry.
D) Generally, only according to seniority within the company.

Question 28

How did many whites react to the increased presence of blacks in the Democratic Party?

A) Whites accepted blacks, as long as they stayed in subordinate positions.
B) Blacks were not formally allowed to participate in the Democratic Party in any way.
C) Some southern whites walked out of the presidential convention when blacks spoke.
D) Whites organized a violent action in the presidential convention to get rid of blacks.

Question 29

What industry saw substantial union organizing among black women?

A) tobacco
B) steel
C) cotton farming
D) domestic workers

Question 30

How did most southern whites view blacks joining the Democratic Party in the late 1930s?

A) They accepted having new voters in the party.
B) They were indifferent and thought that blacks would not vote.
C) They remained overjoyed that the party was becoming integrated.
D) They were fearful and frustrated at the impudence of blacks joining the party.

Question 31

Who served as the first president of the National Negro Congress?

A) John Davis
B) Marcus Garvey
C) W.E.B.Du Bois
D) A.Phillip Randolph

Question 32

What organization rushed to help the young black men accused in the Scottsboro case?

A) the NAACP
B) the Democratic Party
C) the Communist Party
D) Clarence Darrow's law firm

Question 33

In the U.S.presidential election of 1932,what black man ran for vice president on the Communist Party ticket?

A) W.E.B.Du Bois
B) Booker T.Washington
C) Martin Luther King, Jr.
D) James Ford

Question 34

What is the connection between the ILD and the Scottsboro Boys?

A) The ILD paid them to lie.
B) The ILD ignored their plight.
C) The ILD paid for their defense.
D) The ILD used violence against white supremacists in Alabama.

Question 35

What Supreme Court case decided that all Americans have the right to a jury of their peers?

A) Dred Scott v.Sanford
B) Brown v.Board of Education
C) Plessy v.Ferguson
D) Norris v.Alabama

Question 36

What organization did the National Negro Congress become increasingly associated with during the late 1930s?

A) the UNIA
B) the NAACP
C) the Communist Party
D) the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Question 37

Mary McLeod Bethune is an example of which of the following occupation groups of blacks during the Great Depression?

A) domestic workers
B) shipyard workers
C) school teachers
D) social scientists

Question 38

Why did John L.Lewis form the Committee for Industrial Organization?

A) He was angry that the AFL refused to incorporate unskilled workers into its ranks.
B) He wanted to gain power for himself and make a bid for the presidency in 1940.
C) He did not like the AFL's new policy of including blacks and wanted an all-white organization.
D) He was a very conservative Republican and thought that labor unions were becoming too liberal.

Question 39

What were the limitations of the First New Deal?

A) It was opposed by most northern Democrats in Congress.
B) It was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt and his wife.
C) It was halted by Republicans in Congress because it did not help urban workers.
D) Major parts of the legislation were found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Question 40

How did the relationship between African Americans and labor unions change during the 1930s?

A) It did not-labor unions remained hostile toward blacks.
B) Labor unions actually became more hostile toward blacks because jobs were scarce.
C) More labor unions allowed blacks membership.
D) The government forced unions to accept any black during the 1930s.

Question 41

Attorneys Thurgood Marshall and Charles Hamilton Houston helped Donald Gaines __________ win his case in 1938 for admission to the University of Maryland Law School.

Question 42

What was the media involved in the outcome of the Tuskegee study?

A) A journalist was murdered by Tuskegee staff.
B) News reporters served as subjects in the study.
C) A news reporter broke the story to the public in 1972.
D) Television reporters conspired to hide the study from public view.

Question 43

Most Americans blamed the stock market crash and Republican President Herbert Hoover for the hard economic times of the early 1930s.

Question 44

From 1943 to 1946,Ella Baker,later a famous civil rights worker in the 1960s,worked as director of NAACP branches.

Question 45

What is ironic about the Tuskegee experiment photograph that appears in Chapter 18?

A) It appears that doctors have paid a black patient to fake an illness.
B) It appears that doctors have allowed a white person to pose as a black person.
C) It appears the man is being treated for syphilis when in reality he was not told he had the disease.
D) It appears the doctors are attempting to psychologically manipulate the men into sitting for a medical exam.

Question 46

Eleanor Roosevelt endeared herself to black Americans when she resigned her membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution after that organization refused to allow a young black opera singer,Marian __________,to perform at its Constitution Hall in Washington in 1939.

Question 47

The limitations of the __________ administration to respond meaningfully to the economic crisis in the early 1930s doomed the Republican Party in the 1932 election.

Question 48

The experience of African Americans with the _______ mirrored their experiences with other major pieces of New Deal legislation in terms of the retention of racial barriers to equal pay and employment.

Question 49

During the 1930s the NAACP began to decline and become less of an effective advocate for African-American civil rights.

Question 50

During her career,Dr.Matilda Evans established two hospitals,founded a nursing training school,organized the Good Health Association of South Carolina,edited the Negro Health Journal,and served a term as president of the Palmetto Medical Association.

Question 51

The Agricultural __________ Act, was a piece of New Deal legislation designed to protect farmers by giving them subsidies to limit production and thereby stabilize prices.

Question 52

The results of community organizing by black women in the South included the creation of important social networks that would pay further dividends during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.

Question 53

In the 1940s several southern states,including North Carolina,Texas,Oklahoma,and South Carolina,established law schools for their black citizens.

Question 54

What was the Tuskegee experiment?

A) a group of communists that attempted to take over the political affairs of Macon County, Alabama
B) an effort by blacks to revive Booker T.Washington's philosophy of accommodation
C) a federal government-sponsored health study that monitored black men with syphilis
D) an organization of black women who worked to get better prices for household goods in the city of Detroit

Question 55

The case of Sipuel v.Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1947)was another example of the legal strategy of the NAACP to compel southern states to integrate state colleges or pay for separate black law schools.

Question 56

The economic collapse did not hit African Americans particularly hard because they were immune from downturns in the economy.

Question 57

Arthur W.__________ was the first black Democrat to win a House of Representatives seat.

Question 58

In the 1938 decision in Gaines v.Canada,the Supreme Court ordered the state of Missouri to provide black citizens an opportunity to study law in a state-supported institution.

Question 59

The legal case of Nixon v.__________ reflected the attempt by the NAACP to destroy the white primary in Texas and throughout southern state politics.

Question 60

The leading black insurance companies were destroyed by the economic ravages of the 1930s.

Question 61

How was Roosevelt able to get elected in 1932 and reelected in 1936?

Question 62

How did the Depression impact black workers in the North compared to the South? What skills did blacks utilize to survive?

Question 63

How and why did the relationship between African Americans and labor unions change during the 1930s?

Question 64

The efforts of A.Phillip Randolph during the 1930s in the interest of organized _________ included the expansion of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

Question 65

Why was Smith v.Allwright such a big victory for the NAACP?

Question 66

The outcome of the __________ case included all nine young men being released from jail by the 1940s.

Question 67

What was the relationship between race and New Deal programs?

Question 68

Many black workers were drawn to the __________ Party in the 1930s because it criticized the refusal of organized white labor to include them.

Question 69

What is the connection between class position and the impact of the Great Depression upon the black community?

Question 70

Why did Eleanor Roosevelt help blacks during the 1930s,and what impact did she make on racial issues?

Question 71

What role did W.E.B.Du Bois play regarding racial issues during the 1930s?

Question 72

How does the Tuskegee experiment reveal white attitudes toward blacks and black attitudes towards other blacks during the era?

Question 73

What was the impact of the Communist Party on the Scottsboro case? Why did the party assist the "Scottsboro Boys"?