Deck 16: Globalization

Question 1

In unified Germany, an important aspect of the organization of work is the

A)quality control circle.
B)autonomous work group.
C)company union.
D)works council.
E)system of apartheid.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the textbook there are three theories of economic development.Which list contains those three?

A)World Economy, Dependency, Modernization
B)World System, Dependency, Modernization
C)World Economy, Modernization, Development
D)World System, Modernization, Development
E)World System, World Economy, Neocolonialism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The combined and uneven development of Third World countries refers to a developed __________ and an undeveloped __________.

A)industrial infrastructure; banking industry
B)export sector; domestic economy
C)agricultural system; banking industry
D)export sector; economic plan
E)domestic economy; export sector

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What insight does World System theory add to Dependency theory?

A)The world economy functions as an integrated economic unit.
B)The world system helps to make countries less dependent.
C)The world system only works because of economic co-operation.
D)Dependency theory ignores power relationships.
E)Dependency theory concentrates only on relationships to the former colonial power.

Question 5

Which type of international trade focuses on bringing workers' rights, workplace safety and environmental protections in all nations up to the standards enjoyed in industrialized nations?

A)free trade
B)fair trade
C)humanization trade
D)protectionism trade
E)trading blocks

Question 6

Transfer prices are NOT

A)one of the causes of combined and uneven development in less-developed nations.
B)prices that large corporations charge when a product is transferred from one division to another.
C)strongly linked to the actual value of the product.
D)an accounting mechanism for shifting profits to strategically avoid taxes.
E)All of the above are true of transfer prices.

Question 7

What was the hidden aspect of the "economic miracle" in Japan?

A)government control of banking
B)targeted government investment in developing industries
C)technological innovation
D)exploitation of workers in peripheral firms
E)high tariffs

Question 8

Why has the U.S.declined as the leading industrial nation in the world?

A)American labor has been undercut by lower-priced labor in less-developed nations.
B)The U.S.spends a disproportionate amount of research and development money on the military.
C)The U.S.now competes against the European nations as major suppliers of manufactured goods.
D)The U.S.now competes against Japan as major suppliers of manufactured goods.
E)a, b, c, and d

Question 9

What term describes economies like those of France, Canada, South Africa, and the U.S.?

A)laissez-faire capitalism
B)state-regulated capitalism
C)social democracies
D)direct participatory democracies
E)perfect competition

Question 10

According to Marx, the process of primitive accumulation

A)underwrote the expansion of European manufacturing.
B)ended with the Industrial Revolution.
C)characterized individuals and not organizations.
D)was limited to non-cash assets.
E)was initiated by the Protestant Ethic.

Question 11

Under neo-imperialism, the developing nations have

A)organized labor.
B)free trade.
C)no military intervention.
D)political independence.
E)low taxes.

Question 12

A combination of political or economic organizations that act to limit competition among themselves is a

A)bloc.
B)cartel.
C)protectorate.
D)multinational corporation.
E)treaty organization.

Question 13

Canada's economic development policy is called

A)continuous improvement.
B)import substitution.
C)codetermination.
D)central planning.
E)glasnost.

Question 14

Autonomous work groups are to Sweden what ___________ are to Japan.

A)Zaibatsu
B)Quality Control Circles
C)lifetime employees
D)job rotation groups
E)peripheral firms

Question 15

What did the "four little tigers" use to enhance their economic development?

A)famine, war, pestilence, disease
B)defense spending on the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines
C)tariff barriers to shelter domestic industries
D)NAFTA.
E)autonomous work groups

Question 16

In the British colonial system, Jamaica specialized in ____ and the American South specialized in ____.

A)rum; molasses
B)bananas; sugar
C)sugar; cotton
D)indigo; tobacco
E)molasses; rice

Question 17

What is the position of multinational corporations (MNCs) in relation to national governments?

A)The unwieldy size of MNCs limits their political maneuverability.
B)MNCs have the ability to make economic decisions independently of the nations in which they operate.
C)MNCs are regulated in all their world-wide operations by the governments of countries where they are headquartered.
D)Because MNCs transfer cutting-edge technology to developing countries, governments in these countries are willing to accommodate them.
E)MNCs are tightly regulated in advanced industrial countries, but not in developing countries.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a feature of work in Japan?

A)life-time employment
B)formal lines of communication between workers and management
C)greater identification with a profession or union than with a company
D)macro-economic planning
E)close alignment of large companies with smaller firms.

Question 19

In many developing countries, goods consumed locally are still produced

A)in the former colonial power.
B)in the United States.
C)in nearby nations.
D)in the local informal sector.
E)by the local elite.

Question 20

Which is NOT a cause of combined and uneven development?

A)The commodification of agriculture increases the production of food for export and decreases production for local consumption.
B)Multinational corporations borrow investment capital locally, absorbing resources that could otherwise be used for development of the domestic economy.
C)The institution of tariffs to protect developing industries undermines world markets for the developing country in other industries.
D)Multinational corporations use transfer prices that deplete the resources of Third World nations.
E)Multinational corporations export their profits to advanced industrial countries.

Question 21

The success of the maquiladoras will most directly affect the success of

A)the EEC.
B)the four little dragons.
C)the former Soviet republics.
D)the ILO.
E)NAFTA.

Question 22

In which of these countries does the average worker work the greatest number of hours each year?

A)Canada
B)France
C)Germany
D)the Netherlands
E)the United States

Question 23

A group of Brazilian peasants who previously produced black beans and a variety of vegetables for local customers have begun to plant and harvest coffee for export to Europe and North America.This exemplifies

A)transfer prices.
B)a cartel.
C)import substitution.
D)commodification of agriculture.
E)a trading block.

Question 24

One likely impact of the world system has been

A)the spread of communism.
B)a greater economic distance between local elites and the population in developing countries.
C)higher prices for the advanced industrial nations.
D)periodic shortages of commodities.
E)the resurgence of subsistence agriculture.

Question 25

In which country would you be most likely to find macroplanning?

A)Japan
B)France
C)Pakistan
D)Italy
E)Kazakhstan

Question 26

Which of the following provides an example of state-regulated capitalism?

A)Cuba
B)Malawi
C)France
D)Northern Ireland
E)Guam

Question 27

Producing agricultural products for the international markets is called

A)dependent development.
B)commodity chaining.
C)just-in-time delivery.
D)commodification of agriculture.
E)combined and uneven development.

Question 28

Modernization theory rests on the idea that

A)countries develop based on internal dynamics.
B)all countries strive to become modern.
C)modern countries have a good work ethic.
D)modern countries have highly educated populations.
E)appropriate technology is cost-efficient.

Question 29

Trading blocks help to counteract the effects of

A)MNCs.
B)labor unions.
C)cartels.
D)treaties.
E)protective tariffs.

Question 30

In Japan, secondary workers are most likely to be

A)immigrants.
B)union members.
C)women.
D)married men.
E)workers in large corporations.

Question 31

Japanese and German work practices share some similarities in terms of worker attachment to the firm and productivity.What is the defining distinction between them?

A)German workers have a more autonomous voice in work decisions.
B)Japanese quality control is better than German quality control.
C)German workers are better trained than Japanese workers.
D)German workers have to work longer hours than Japanese workers.
E)German workers have fewer vacation days than Japanese workers.

Question 32

Bauxite is an ore used to produce aluminum.If all the countries that produce bauxite assembled for the purpose of raising the price of the ore, the resulting organization would be called:

A)a combine.
B)an informal sector.
C)a cartel.
D)a protective tariff.
E)a trading block.

Question 33

The commodification of agriculture implies that a nation's exports

A)will be balanced between manufactured goods and raw materials.
B)will generate a predictable income stream, year after year.
C)will be concentrated in a few cash crops.
D)will be protected from international competition.
E)will be protected by tariffs.

Question 34

In which country would you be most likely to find a maquiladora?

A)South Korea
B)Taiwan
C)Argentina
D)Croatia
E)Mexico

Question 35

The cost of manufactured goods has risen and the costs of raw materials have dropped, with the result for the developing countries that

A)transfer prices have risen.
B)exports have declined.
C)average wages have risen.
D)the countries are heavily in debt.
E)import substitution has occurred.

Question 36

In the textbook, the Philippines is used as an example of

A)informal sector
B)commodification of agriculture
C)dependent development
D)state-regulated capitalism
E)import substitution

Question 37

The International Labour Organisation

A)organizes workers around the world into a single labor union.
B)is a research institute and clearinghouse of information for international unions and other workers' groups.
C)brings criminal and civil charges against MNCs on workers' rights violations.
D)is a sub-unit of the United Nations that investigates claims of human rights violations and negotiates trade agreements in response to these investigations.
E)represents workers in the European Union.

Question 38

The fact that all the railroads in West Africa run inland to areas where there are raw materials rather than along the coast where the population is provides support for which theory of economic development?

A)Modernization theory
B)Dependency theory
C)World System theory
D)Development theory
E)World Economy theory

Question 39

Along with the movement of jobs from the advanced countries to assembly sites elsewhere, world system theory predicts

A)more cartel development.
B)a general decline in military activity.
C)greater equality for women.
D)more immigration to the advanced countries.
E)stronger labor unions.

Question 40

Which of the following situations is most likely to have mechanisms for retraining workers in new technology?

A)an informal sector firm in Malaysia
B)a maquiladora
C)a centrally planned factory in China
D)a German works council
E)a firm in the Japanese secondary sector

Question 41

The Genfin Company does not want to pay for warehouse space for the parts it
Needs to assemble its products.It has arranged with all of its suppliers to deliver
The parts on a precise timetable, with the times varying somewhat with Genfin's
Production schedule.This arrangement is an example of

A)pirate capitalism
B)just-in-time delivery
C)macroplanning
D)continuous improvement
E)total quality management

Question 42

Why does globalization pose an issue for unions?

A)Countries such as Japan promote company unions.
B)It is hard to coordinate workers in different parts of the world.
C)The local laws regulating unions are quite different.
D)a and b
E)a, b, and c

Question 43

Economic development in less developed countries is often associated with

A)greater freedom.
B)declining levels of national debt.
C)an increase in inequality.
D)stable currencies.
E)an end to traditional religion.

Question 44

The Internet and cheap transportation have made _______ possible.

A)macroplanning
B)continuous improvement
C)commodity chains
D)maquiladoras
E)quality control circles

Question 45

The debt crisis of less-developed nations is attributable to

A)the lack of international credit.
B)borrowing for industrialization and consumption.
C)the high prices of manufactured imports.
D)dropping prices for raw commodities.
E)b,c, and d