Deck 8: Love and Romantic Relationships

Question 1

According to Fehr and Russell (1991),the two most central types of love appear to be

A) the love between parent and child and the love between romantic partners.
B) the love between friends and the love between parent and child.
C) the love between romantic partners and the love between friends.
D) the love between siblings and the love between friends.

Answer 1

the love between parent and child and the love between romantic partners.

Question 2

Jack and Sue are asked to describe love.Jack talks about feeling tenderness for his family members and his close friends.Sue mentions her desire to bond completely with her boyfriend.Jack is describing ________ love,whereas Sue is describing ________ love.

A) friendship; companionate
B) sexual; friendship
C) companionate; passionate
D) emotional; intimate

Answer 2

companionate; passionate

Question 3

According to Sternberg,the component of love that reflects the happiness of being with a partner,mutual sharing,and emotional support is called

A) decision/commitment.
B) sexuality.
C) intimacy.
D) passion.

Answer 3

intimacy.

Question 4

Hatfield and Rapson (1996)define which kind of love as "the affection and tenderness we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined"?

A) decision/commitment love
B) companionate love
C) sexual love
D) passionate love

Question 5

A statistical technique,used in research on love and other topics,that sorts items into conceptually similar groupings is known as

A) experience sampling.
B) factor analysis.
C) analysis of variance.
D) regression.

Question 6

According to Sternberg (1986),commitment is the component of love most closely associated with

A) emotional support.
B) physiological arousal.
C) promoting a lover's welfare.
D) the decision to love someone and maintain that love.

Question 7

Your relationship with your romantic partner is defined by ________ love,whereas your relationship with your sister is defined by ________ love.

A) friendship; companionate
B) sexual; friendship
C) intimate; emotional
D) passionate; companionate

Question 8

According to research,which of the following statements about love is FALSE?

A) There is only one type of love.
B) Love includes a complex mix of thoughts and feelings.
C) It is possible to conduct scientific research on love.
D) Love has many characteristics.

Question 9

According to your text,which of the following makes a woman more attractive?

A) a low waist-to-hip ratio
B) large eyes
C) a small nose
D) all of the above

Question 10

According to Sternberg (1986),the three essential components of love include all of the following EXCEPT

A) companionship.
B) decision/commitment.
C) intimacy.
D) passion.

Question 11

The goal of romantic relationships that is most closely associated with human infants requiring the extended care of both parents to survive is

A) the goal to find a sexual partner.
B) the goal to form a family bond.
C) the goal to gain status.
D) the goal to be liked.

Question 12

A motivation that distinguishes love for romantic partners from love for friends or family is

A) emotional support.
B) forming a close bond.
C) sexual gratification
D) gaining status.

Question 13

A state of intense longing for union with another is

A) compassionate love.
B) companionate love.
C) friendship love.
D) passionate love.

Question 14

Companionate love is most often felt for

A) romantic partners.
B) family.
C) sexual partners.
D) someone you've just met.

Question 15

A researcher wants to study participants' relationships to the one person to whom they feel the closest in their lives.Based on the results of Bersheid et al (1989),what relationship should the researcher study?

A) the relationship with a romantic partner
B) the relationship with one's mother
C) the relationship with one's best friend
D) the relationship with a sibling

Question 16

Constanza conducts some research in which she has participants list the traits they would find desirable in a mate.She ends up with a list of over 75 items and wants to find out if those 75 items can be clustered into groups.What statistical technique should Constanza use?

A) factor analysis
B) structural equation modeling
C) analysis of variance
D) correlation

Question 17

Research on body symmetry in men and women suggests that

A) women are unable to perceive body symmetry in men.
B) men do not associate women's body symmetry with attractiveness.
C) women perceive men's body symmetry as indicative of "good genes."
D) both sexes equally prefer symmetry in opposite sex partners.

Question 18

Jay has a large nose,a fairly small jaw,and a low waist-to-hip ratio.According to your textbook,which of the following is most likely to be true of Jay?

A) He has an unrestricted sexual orientation.
B) Women do not find him very attractive.
C) He began having sex at a younger than average age.
D) He has had many sexual partners.

Question 19

What is one weakness of factor analytic studies of love?

A) Some researchers find more than three components of love.
B) Factor analysis doesn't simplify complex data.
C) Factor analysis doesn't account for individual differences in love.
D) All of the above are weaknesses of factor analytic approaches.

Question 20

Gangestad and Thornhill (1997)found that men with bodies that were more symmetrical

A) began having sex earlier in life.
B) had fewer sexual partners than asymmetrical men.
C) were less attractive to women.
D) were likely to have a restricted sexual orientation.

Question 21

Individuals who are only comfortable having sex within the confines of a loving,committed relationship are said to have

A) a restricted sociosexual orientation.
B) an unrestricted relationship motivation.
C) an unrestricted sociosexual orientation.
D) an erotophobic sociosexual orientation.

Question 22

The hormone testosterone is related to ________,whereas oxytocin is related to ________.

A) sexual receptivity in only men; sexual receptivity in only women
B) sexual desire in both men and women; sexual orgasm in both men and women
C) sexual desire in only men; sexual orgasm in only women
D) sexual desire in both men and women; sexual receptivity in only men

Question 23

Barr et al (2002)asked people what comes to mind when they think of men and women reaching their sexual peaks in life and found that people said that

A) men's peak was related to desire and frequency of orgasm, but women's peak was related to sexual satisfaction.
B) men and women both experienced maximum sexual desire after having achieved maximum sexual satisfaction.
C) women's sexual peak was related to sexual desire, but men's to frequency of orgasm.
D) that women tend to reach their sexual peak earlier in life than men do.

Question 24

Someone with an unrestricted social orientation is likely to most value which of the following characteristics in a romantic partner?

A) faithfulness
B) attractiveness
C) good parenting ability
D) all of the above

Question 25

According to Simpson and Gangestad (1991),the tendency to prefer sex in casual relationships versus sex in loving,committed relationships is called

A) unrestricted sociosexual orientation.
B) relationship motivation.
C) the chastity-promiscuity continuum.
D) erotophobia-erotophilia.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true regarding hormones and sexual fantasies?

A) Sexual fantasies in teenage boys are linked to increased levels of testosterone.
B) Sexual fantasies in teenage girls are linked to increased levels of testosterone.
C) Sexual fantasies in teenage girls are linked to increased levels of estrogen.
D) Both A and B

Question 27

The meaning of sexual gratification differs for men and women.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sexual gratification?

A) A woman's sexual peak is substantially later than a man's sexual peak.
B) The sexual peak for men is defined in terms of desire and frequency of orgasm.
C) The sexual peak for a woman is defined as satisfaction with sex.
D) all of the above

Question 28

According to research by Foster et al (1998)and others,which of the following sources of arousal may fuel attraction?

A) fear
B) exercising strenuously
C) an exciting game
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the influence of hormones on human sexual desire?

A) Teenage girls' increased sex drives are associated with increased hormone levels.
B) The sex drive of a man who has dysfunctional testes can be increased with hormones.
C) Adult women's sex drives are not influenced by the administration of hormones.
D) Teenage males' increased sex drives are related to increases in testosterone at puberty.

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding men and women's preferences for a long-term relationship partner's intelligence?

A) Women value intelligence more than men for long-term partners.
B) Men and women value intelligence equally for long-term partners.
C) Men value intelligence more than women for long-term partners.
D) Neither men nor women place much value on intelligence in long-term partners.

Question 31

Dick picks up Jane for their first date.Jane has an OK time,but when she arrives home,she and her parents have a heated argument in which her parents tell her that they can't stand Dick.Jane leaves this encounter with her heart pounding and her face flushed.Jane decides she is in love with Dick and has to see him again.Jane's change of heart is most easily explained by

A) the two-factor theory of love.
B) Jane's dislike of her parents.
C) the reinforcement-affect model of love.
D) Sternberg's three-construct representation of love.

Question 32

Which of the following theories describes love as the misattribution of general arousal to an attractive person?

A) the internal attribution model
B) the classical conditioning model
C) the two-factor theory
D) the reinforcement-affect model

Question 33

In a study by Clark and Hatfield (1989),how did college students respond to an attractive member of the opposite sex asking them to "go to bed" with them?

A) None of the women and a majority of the men agreed to have sex.
B) About half of the women and half of the men agreed to have sex.
C) Less than half of the men and only a few of the women agreed to have sex.
D) No men and no women agreed to have sex.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Kenrick et al's (1993)findings in a study of college students' standards of intelligence for a partner in a one-night stand,a single date,or a marriage partner?

A) Men had higher standards for a one-night stand than for a date.
B) Women had higher standards for a one-night stand than for a date.
C) Men had lower standards for a one-night stand than did women.
D) Both men and women wanted someone with well above average intelligence for a marriage partner.

Question 35

Amitesh believes that sex is acceptable only in the context of a long-term,loving relationship and is seeking a romantic partner who will be a good parent.Amitesh probably has a/an

A) ambiguous sociosexual orientation.
B) latent sociosexual orientation.
C) unrestricted sociosexual orientation.
D) restricted sociosexual orientation.

Question 36

In the study by Dutton and Aron (1974),men who crossed a narrow and shaky suspension bridge over a rocky canyon were very attracted to a woman they met on the other side of the bridge.How does the two-factor theory of love explain this?

A) We tend to be attracted to people who are in the same exciting situation we are.
B) The men misattributed their fear-based arousal as attraction to the woman.
C) The men wanted to save the woman from danger and were thus attracted to her.
D) Altitude generally increases attraction.

Question 37

Brent has a restricted sociosexual orientation.Knowing this,which of the following is also likely to be true of Brent?

A) He has a low sex drive.
B) He typically feels guilty about sex.
C) He is very shy around women.
D) He has never had a one-night stand.

Question 38

The hormone that is associated with sexual desire in both men and women is

A) estrogen.
B) oxytocin.
C) progesterone.
D) testosterone.

Question 39

Which of the following is FALSE regarding individuals with a restricted sociosexual orientation,relative to individuals with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation?

A) They begin having sex later in a given relationship.
B) They are less likely to view their opposite-sex friends as potential sex partners.
C) They have a lower sex drive.
D) They have fewer sex partners during their lives.

Question 40

Research has demonstrated that men are much more interested in causal sex,even with strangers,than are women.Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

A) In general, women do not like sex as much as men do.
B) Women have less frequent causal sex because of their fear of pregnancy.
C) Opportunities for sex with strangers tend not to fulfill women's goals for satisfying sexual relationships.
D) Women actually prefer causal sex as much as men do, but are simply too shy to act on this preference.

Question 41

Tremenitia finds it relatively easy to get close to others and never worries about being abandoned.Tremenitia's attachment style is

A) secure.
B) anxious/ambivalent.
C) avoidant.
D) permissive.

Question 42

According to Abbey's (1982)research,how did men and women differ in their perceptions of a woman having a conversation with a man?

A) Females viewed the woman as more friendly than did males.
B) Females viewed the woman as less friendly than did males.
C) Females viewed the woman as less seductive than did males.
D) Females viewed the woman as more seductive than did males.

Question 43

Emily more confidently explores the playground equipment when her mother is present.According to attachment theory,Emily's mother is serving as a

A) safe haven.
B) contact comfort.
C) secure base.
D) exploratory reference.

Question 44

The fact that there are strict taboos against premarital sex in Egypt,whereas everyone has multiple sex partners before marriage on the Pacific Island of Mangaia,demonstrates

A) the influence of cultural norms on expressions of sexuality.
B) that people in Egypt have relatively lower sex drives.
C) the influence of genetic factors on expressions of sexuality.
D) all of the above

Question 45

Men's tendency to overperceive a woman's sexual interest in men is adaptive because it

A) evolved before the women's liberation movement protested against sexual objectification.
B) maximized the opportunities to have sex and thus pass on their genes.
C) prevented men from having sex with less desirable women.
D) maximized women's opportunities to mate with men who possessed the best genes.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT evidence of the strong feelings of intimacy and commitment that typically grow in long-term relationships?

A) Losing a spouse wreaks serious psychological and physical havoc.
B) People in long-term relationships often feel less passion for one another over time.
C) Someone whose spouse dies has an increased risk of dying.
D) Extended separation from a long-term partner is emotionally difficult.

Question 47

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the husbands of expectant wives?

A) They increase their production of prolactin just before birth.
B) They tend to act more dominant just after the child's birth.
C) They decrease their secretion of testosterone just after birth.
D) Unlike most mammals, they show attachment to their offspring.

Question 48

What was the explanation given for why unrelated children raised together in an Israeli kibbutz never married one another?

A) They simply didn't have very much in common with each other, which reduced attraction significantly.
B) There were strong social norms prohibiting children raised in the same pod from marrying.
C) Children raised together were close during childhood but grew apart in adulthood.
D) They developed a natural aversion to sexual relationships with each other as if they were siblings.

Question 49

Why would a mechanism have evolved to reduce sexual feelings between brothers and sisters?

A) Brothers and sisters typically do not get along, so they would not make good mates.
B) Brothers and sisters have personalities too similar for them to be attracted to one another.
C) Mating between brothers and sisters might lead to a child possessing harmful recessive genes.
D) Mating between brothers and sisters results in the decreased propagation of their parents' genes.

Question 50

Stacy trusts her partner Keith,is comfortable depending on him,and feels less stress thanks to his support.Since meeting Keith,Stacy has noticed that she also likes to try new and unusual foods,and she recently decided to change her career.Which of the below findings best explains Stacy's situation?

A) Stacy's relationship is a long-term one, resulting in a cooling of passion and her desire to compensate via new and exciting activities.
B) Stacy's love relationship provides a secure base from which Stacy can explore the world.
C) Stacy's extroverted personality gives her success in both work and romantic relationships.
D) Stacy must have high self-esteem in order to have a committed relationship and the courage to change her career.

Question 51

Karina and James are people-watching on the campus green.They observe a woman approach a man and touch him on the arm to say hello.According to the research by Abbey (1982),James is more likely than Karina to interpret the woman's behavior as a/an

A) gesture of friendliness.
B) signal of sexual interest.
C) attempt to get his attention.
D) gesture of dominance.

Question 52

Which of the following is the result of the human need to belong?

A) the bond of a romantic couple
B) the bond of mother and child
C) the bond of father and child
D) all of the above

Question 53

According to Baumeister and Leary (1995),the human need to form and maintain strong,stable,interpersonal relationships is known as

A) the need to affiliate.
B) the need for structure.
C) the need to belong.
D) the need for cognition.

Question 54

Passion tends to fade with time in romantic relationships

A) among Americans, but not among the !Kung in Africa.
B) among both Americans and the !Kung in Africa, but faster for Americans.
C) among both Americans and the !Kung in Africa.
D) among Americans, but no data is available for African hunter-gatherers like the !Kung.

Question 55

According to attachment theory,the comfort provided by a mother or a romantic partner that allows a person to go into the world and confidently explore his or her environment is known as a/an

A) exploratory reference.
B) security blanket.
C) center of operations.
D) secure base.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the Haselton and Buss (2000)study on gender differences and the interpretation of compliments and touches?

A) Men are more likely than women to interpret compliments or touches by women as signs of sexual interest.
B) Women are skeptical about interpreting compliments or touches by men as signs of commitment.
C) Due to the costs of pregnancy, it's in a woman's best interest for her not to be too naive about a man's intentions.
D) Due to the costs of raising a child, it's in a man's best interest for him not to overinterpret sexual interest by a woman.

Question 57

In choosing a mate,______________ lovers are least willing to compromise.

A) secure
B) anxious/ambivalent
C) avoidant
D) permissive

Question 58

Which of the following is true about the role of passion in long-term relationships?

A) Relationships that start with intense passion initially tend to maintain that passion over time.
B) Passion usually fades over time in relationships.
C) Women's feelings of passion fade, but men's do not.
D) Men's feelings of passion fade, but women's do not.

Question 59

Enrique thinks his partner does not really love him and,at some point,won't want to stay with him.Enrique's attachment style is

A) secure.
B) anxious/ambivalent.
C) avoidant.
D) permissive.

Question 60

Warren is uncomfortable being close to others and he does not completely trust them.He does not like anyone getting too close to him.Warren's attachment style is

A) secure.
B) anxious/ambivalent.
C) avoidant.
D) permissive.

Question 61

Why might it have been adaptive for women to be more upset over their partner's emotional infidelity than his sexual infidelity?

A) because emotional infidelity was more likely to lead to a loss of resources for her and her offspring
B) because sexual infidelity was more likely to lead to a loss of resources for her and her offspring
C) it wasn't; women are more upset over sexual than emotional infidelity
D) it wasn't; only men are more upset over emotional than sexual infidelity

Question 62

Which of the following situations is relatively most likely to lead to divorce?

A) when a relationship is not equitable
B) when a relationship does not produce children
C) when the relationship partners have separate friendship groups
D) when female partners are unfaithful

Question 63

Which of the following is true regarding cross-cultural studies of women's attraction to men's status?

A) The attraction to status only happens in Western cultures.
B) The attraction to status only happens in exchange oriented cultures.
C) The attraction to status seems consistent across cultures.
D) The attraction to status only happens in communally oriented cultures.

Question 64

Richard Solomon compared long-term love relationships to drug addiction because

A) both experiences lose their ability to trigger a momentary high over time.
B) both can lead to "withdrawal symptoms" if the "supply" is cut off.
C) "withdrawal symptoms" are strong enough to motivate people to go to great lengths to obtain a "fix."
D) all of the above

Question 65

A disorder that involves a delusion that one is loved by another,even in the face of disconfirming evidence,is known as

A) erotophobia.
B) erotophilia.
C) erotomania.
D) schizophilia.

Question 66

Which of the statements about unrequited love is FALSE?

A) People who experience unrequited love go through the three-stage sequence of protest, despair and detachment.
B) Almost everyone has had a strong experience of unrequited love.
C) People on both sides of an unrequited love situation later report that the experience was strongly negative.
D) People who experience unrequited love often report a loss of self-esteem.

Question 67

McKinley is an infant who easily expresses affection with her attachment figure and doesn't seem to worry about being abandoned.She most likely possesses a/an ________ attachment style.

A) secure
B) detached
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 68

Fred believes that he is passionately loved by Anne,in spite of the fact that Anne has repeatedly told him that she is not at all interested in him.Fred seems to be suffering from

A) erotophobia.
B) erotophilia.
C) schizophilia.
D) erotomania.

Question 69

Mark has an exchange orientation toward relationships.Which of the following is probably true of Mark's relationship with his girlfriend Jin?

A) He gives freely to Jin depending on what she needs.
B) He doesn't keep track of how much he and Jin put into the relationship.
C) He's unlikely to hold a grudge if Jin forgets his birthday.
D) He gets upset when he perceives that Jin is getting a better deal than he is from the relationship.

Question 70

Which of the following is the threat that causes us to feel most strongly the need to be with our romantic partners?

A) separation from our partner
B) loss of a job
C) moving to a new town
D) having a child

Question 71

Which of the following statements best describes what Jody Davis and Caryl Rusbult (2001)found regarding attitude change in romantic relationships?

A) A person tends to bring his/her attitude into alignment with his/her partner's when the couple is not well-adjusted.
B) A person tends to bring his/her attitude into alignment with his/her partner's for issues that are peripheral to the partner.
C) A person tends to bring his/her attitude into alignment in close friendships but not romantic relationships.
D) A person tends to bring his/her attitude into alignment with his/her partner's for issues that are central to the partner.

Question 72

Someone who would agree with the statement,"I feel resentment if I believe I have spent more on a friend's present than he/she spent on mine" could be described as having a/an ________ orientation towards relationships.

A) temperamental
B) exchange
C) communal
D) authority-ranking

Question 73

Raul spent the afternoon at a funeral thinking about his own death.What is Raul most likely to feel after this experience?

A) anger at the injustice of life
B) a desire to explore his environment
C) a sense of distance from his family and friends
D) a stronger need to be with his romantic partner

Question 74

Which of the following is true of individuals with an avoidant attachment style?

A) They tend to be very responsive to affection.
B) They are visibly upset by separation from an attachment figure.
C) They are fearful of intimacy.
D) They tend not to be very jealous.

Question 75

Why do men in their teens show a preference for women in their 20s?

A) Older women have more resources.
B) Women in their 20s have high reproductive potential.
C) Men are generally always attracted to older women.
D) Men desire partners with higher status than their own.

Question 76

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the relationships of individuals with an anxious/ambivalent attachment style?

A) Their relationships have lots of highs and lows.
B) Their relationships have the tendency to be "obsessive."
C) They tend to be preoccupied with how their relationship partner views them.
D) They tend to stay in relationships for a long time.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is FALSE about how people view sexual and emotional infidelity?

A) Most men report that they would be more upset by a partner's sexual infidelity than emotional infidelity.
B) Men and women are more upset by a partner's emotional infidelity if the relationship is a new one, but are more upset by sexual infidelity if the relationship is a long-lasting one.
C) Similar sex differences in viewing a partner's sexual and emotional infidelity have been found in many different cultures.
D) Most women report that they would be more upset by a partner's emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity.

Question 78

Women tend to be more upset about a partner's ________ infidelity,whereas men tend to be more upset about a partner's ________ infidelity.

A) sexual; emotional
B) imagined; real
C) emotional; sexual
D) emotional; fantasy

Question 79

Mike walks into McDonald's and sees two women about his age.One is very attractive and is working behind the counter.The other is an average looking customer who is wearing a suit and carrying an expensive leather briefcase.Which of the two is Mike likely to be attracted to?

A) the counter helper because she is attractive
B) the counter helper because she has lower social status
C) the customer because she has higher social status
D) the customer because she is less attractive

Question 80

Karen walks into McDonald's and sees two men about her age.One is very attractive and is working behind the counter.The other is an average looking customer who is wearing a suit and tie and carrying an expensive leather briefcase.Which of the two is Karen likely to be more attracted to and why?

A) the counter helper because he is attractive
B) the counter helper because he has lower social status
C) the customer because he has higher social status
D) the customer because he is less attractive