Deck 7: Identifying and Arresting Suspects

Question 1

Wiretaps are legal when there is probable cause and they are:

A)ordered by the chief of police or sheriff.
B)authorized by the district attorney.
C)reviewed by a grand jury.
D)authorized by a court.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Field or show-up identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime.The show-up must be:

A)close in time to the incident.
B)close in location to the incident.
C)based on a warrant.
D)in conjunction with an attorney's consent.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Making a legal arrest, gaining information for warrants, or even preventing crime can all be the result of:

A)criminal profiling.
B)surveillance.
C)entrapment.
D)pretextual traffic stops.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Florida v.Riley (1989) approved the warrantless aerial surveillance, noting that:

A)there had to be at least 10,000 feet between the police airplane and the suspects.
B)there should be no reasonable expectation of privacy from the skies above.
C)this was a test case and was only approved once.
D)it must be in conjunction with a simultaneous ground-level surveillance.

Question 5

What must be established before an arrest can be made?

A)occurrence of a crime
B)finding of a victim
C)probable cause
D)notification of suspect's lawyer

Question 6

A field identification is also called a:

A)show-up.
B)follow-up.
C)shake-down.
D)hot stops.

Question 7

What is one precaution specifically for an undercover agent to keep in mind?

A)Write notes that the subject can read.
B)Carry personal identification in case you need to make an arrest.
C)Ensure that communication with headquarters is covert.
D)Use drugs and alcohol to get in with the gang.

Question 8

In United States v.Knotts (1983), the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location:

A)violates a suspect's rights.
B)is illegal.
C)does not violate a suspect's rights.
D)is inadmissible.

Question 9

On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques/impact weapon" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

A)They fall to the left (i.e., they are less forceful).
B)They fall to the right (i.e., they are more forceful).
C)They are equivalent.
D)They are not on the same use-of-force continuum.

Question 10

When a person suddenly dies in police custody, it is often called:

A)excited delirium.
B)use of deadly force.
C)de facto arrest.
D)nightcap provision.

Question 11

Which of the following can be created using Identi-Kit?

A)composite drawings and sketches
B)physical evidence left at the crime scene
C)information in police files
D)booking photos

Question 12

In Whren v.United States (1996), the Supreme Court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to allay any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior.This type of stop is referred to as a:

A)pretextual stop.
B)silver platter stop.
C)Terry stop.
D)racial profiling stop.

Question 13

Which method is used to identify suspects?

A)field or show-up identification
B)family empathy
C)pretextual traffic stops
D)hearsay evidence

Question 14

In United States v.Wade, the Court said that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during what type of process?

A)booking
B)Terry stops
C)invasive searches
D)lineups

Question 15

The objective of surveillance is to:

A)obtain information that can be used to solve narcotics-related crimes.
B)obtain information about people, their associates, and their activities that may help solve a criminal case or protect a witness.
C)obtain information about anyone or anything.
D)punish the offenders.

Question 16

Psychological profiling:

A)can help eliminate and develop suspects.
B)is used only in conjunction with a psychic.
C)is 95 percent accurate in all cases.
D)is no longer used in police work.

Question 17

In the DEA smuggling case, United States v.Weaver (1992), what did the Court rule?

A)Race can be considered among other factors to use in developing suspects.
B)Only agents of the same race as a suspect can work undercover to avoid racism charges.
C)Race can never be used as a factor in developing suspects.
D)Racial profiling is always illegal.

Question 18

Live lineups generally contain:

A)two to four individuals.
B)four to six individuals.
C)6 to 10 individuals.
D)5 to 10 individuals.

Question 19

Surveillance, undercover assignments, and raids are used only when:

A)the case is important.
B)the case is a felony.
C)normal methods of continuing the investigation fail to produce results.
D)terrorist activity or drug traffic is suspected.

Question 20

The requirement of providing counsel to a suspect in a lineup that occurs after indictment or arraignment is known as the:

A)Miranda rule.
B)Wade-Gilbert rule.
C)exclusionary rule.
D)"fruits of the poisoned tree" rule.

Question 21

Which of the following are considered "nonlethal" weapons?

A)narcotics
B)handgun
C)impact weapons
D)ramming maneuver

Question 22

Because race is part of a suspect's general description, racial profiling has been upheld by the courts as legal and constitutional.

Question 23

Through-the-wall surveillance (TWS) technology helps officers to determine if someone is in a room before putting themselves in harm's way and to save lives by using motion and images to differentiate between a hostage and a hostage taker.

Question 24

Which 1985 court case eliminated the "fleeing­felon rule," banning law enforcement officers from shooting to kill a fleeing felon unless an imminent danger to life exists?

A)Argersinger v.Hamlin
B)Brown v.Mississippi
C)Terry v.Ohio
D)Tennessee v.Garner

Question 25

Which 2007 case established the use of "ramming" in pursuit as a use-of-force doctrine that the police use today?

A)Mapp v.Ohio
B)Kim Wong Ark v.United States
C)Scott v.Harris
D)United States v.Weeks

Question 26

Investigators should use at least ten people of comparable race, height, weight, age, and general appearance in police lineups.

Question 27

As far back as Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, the courts authorized court- ordered electronic surveillance of organized crime figures.

Question 28

Gordon v.Warren Consolidated Board of Education (1983) ruled that using undercover officers in high schools was reasonable and therefore legal.

Question 29

Police officers are not authorized to make an arrest for any criminal activity of which they are suspicious.

Question 30

In Katz v.United States, the Supreme Court reversed the California decision, saying: "The Fourth Amendment protects people, not places...."

Question 31

A suspect has the right to a lawyer if a photographic lineup is used.

Question 32

The Supreme Court defined entrapment in Sorrells v.United States (1932) as essentially resting on whether or not the conception and planning of an offense was by an officer, not a suspect.

Question 33

Electronic surveillance and wiretapping are considered forms of search and therefore do not require probable cause and court order.

Question 34

The amount of time it takes to identify a suspect is directly correlated to the length of time it takes to solve a crime.

Question 35

Investigators should keep in mind that eyewitness identification is highly infallible.

Question 36

In Schmerber v.California (1966), the Court ruled that suspects may refuse to participate in a lineup, and such refusal may not be used against them in court.

Question 37

In Saucier v.Katz (2001), the Supreme Court held that the guide for use of excessive force is that the:

A)officer fears for his or her safety.
B)force is objectively reasonable under Fourth Amendment excessive force analysis.
C)suspect is armed.
D)suspect presents a dangerous risk to the public.

Question 38

Force necessary to overcome resistance offered during an arrest is referred to as:

A)extraneous force.
B)reasonable force.
C)the Blue Hammer.
D)extralegal force.

Question 39

Pen registers and trap-and-trace devices are not considered forms of searches and do not need probable cause and a court order because subscribers waive their rights to privacy when using devices such as cell phones or telephones.

Question 40

Stakeout surveillance is used when you know or suspect that a person is at or will come to a known location.

Question 41

Police powers to arrest or search are restricted by the Amendment.

Question 42

The of racial profiling may be bolstered by discussions of pretextual traffic stops.

Question 43

identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness to a crime.

Question 44

Victims and witnesses should view ______________ shots, as this may help identify a suspect believed to have a record.

Question 45

profiling takes place when an officer focuses on an individual as a suspect based solely on that
person's race.

Question 46

Planning, organizing, and executing a raid are somewhat similar to undertaking a small military attack on a specific target.

Question 47

Identifying a weapon as less-lethal does not imply that it is ________________ lethal.

Question 48

If a suspect is at the scene of a crime, what methods can an officer use to identify the suspect at the scene?

Question 49

In ________________ profiling, also known as criminal profiling, an attempt is made to identify an individual's
mental, emotional, and psychological characteristics.

Question 50

Officers working undercover should keep their real first name and date of birth.

Question 51

In moving surveillance, the surveillant may be referred to as a .

Question 52

Some officers carry insurance to protect themselves against lawsuits.

Question 53

Describe the uses and value of psychological profiling.

Question 54

Compile a list of some of the key items to ask about when helping a witness describe a suspect.

Question 55

Graham v.Connor held that plaintiffs alleging excessive use of force need only show that the officer's actions were under the standards of the Fourth Amendment.

Question 56

Research has found that officers were significantly more likely to use higher levels of force with suspects encountered in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Question 57

Suspects may ______________ to participate in a lineup, but this decision can be used against them in court.

Question 58

How does an officer determine whether photographic identification or lineup identification should be used to identify a suspect?

Question 59

Facts gathered after an arrest to justify probable cause are legally admissible as evidence of probable cause.

Question 60

Explain how geographic profiling can be used in criminal investigations.

Question 61

How do the police establish the legal requirements for staging a raid?

Question 62

At what point should an arrested individual be advised of his or her constitutional rights?

Question 63

Define the term de facto arrest.

Question 64

Define entrapment.

Question 65

Briefly outline some of the options available to an officer for controlling someone with nonlethal force.

Question 66

After arresting a suspect, under what conditions are officers allowed to search the arrestee's home?

Question 67

Define reasonable force.

Question 68

What precautions should be taken when conducting raids?

Question 69

Briefly outline some of the ways that surveillance can aid an investigation.

Question 70

Outline some of the suggestions discussed in the text for officers who are preparing to go undercover.