Deck 21: The Progressive Era, 1900-1917

Question 1

Which of the following was an antiprostitution measure that prohibited transporting a woman across state lines for" immoral purposes"?

A) Mann-Elkins Act
B) Mann Act
C) Hepburn Act
D) Keating Owen Act
E) Adamson Act

Answer 1

Mann Act

Question 2

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, what was the greatest source of urban population growth?

A) The exodus from rural and small-town America
B) The increasing birthrate within the cities themselves
C) Immigration
D) Medical advances that ended the major urban diseases
E) Improvements in sanitation

Answer 2

Immigration

Question 3

How did the tactics of Alice Paul's National Woman's Party differ from Carrie Chapman Catt's National American Woman's Suffrage Association?

A) Paul's followers used petitions to persuade Congress of the injustices committed against women.
B) Paul's followers used a letter writing campaign to pressure President Wilson.
C) Paul's organization rejected a state by state approach and worked to pressure Congress to enact a woman suffrage constitutional amendment.
D) Paul's followers used the power of prayer to gain God's intervention.
E) Paul's followers exchanged sexual favors with members of Congress for support.

Answer 3

Paul's organization rejected a state by state approach and worked to pressure Congress to enact a woman suffrage constitutional amendment.

Question 4

Which of the following amendments is not accurately defined?

A) The Sixteenth Amendment permits Congress to apportion and collect income taxes.
B) The Seventeenth Amendment allows the direct election of members of the House of Representatives.
C) The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol.
D) The Nineteenth Amendment guarantees the right to vote for women.
E) They are all accurately defined.

Question 5

What happened to the white-collar middle class in the United States from 1900 to 1920?

A) It more than doubled in size and grew at over twice the rate than the work force as a whole during the same period.
B) Its size remained about the same, but its influence declined dramatically in proportion to the rest of the population.
C) It disappeared because the changing nature of the American economy required mainly blue-collar workers.
D) Although it was growing dramatically, it was not growing as fast as the work force as a whole.
E) It turned away from national professional organizations and exercised its influence locally.

Question 6

Where was the American Federation of Labor's main source of strength?

A) Factories and mills
B) Skilled trades
C) Farm workers
D) Immigrant blue collar workers
E) Urban white-collar workers

Question 7

Which statement about the progressive movement is correct?

A) Progressives wanted to restrain big business and protect the economically vulnerable.
B) Most progressives rejected the capitalist system, preferring a system based on cooperation for the good of the whole community.
C) Like the earlier populist movement, the progressive movement was primarily agrarian-based.
D) Progressives respected civil liberties so highly that they rejected any legislation that dealt with people's personal morals such as their sexual activities, drinking, and choice of entertainment.
E) Progressives tended to prefer the laissez-faire principles of William Graham Sumner.

Question 8

What did Frederick Taylor argue?

A) Businesses should adopt progressive reforms in an effort to make business more humane.
B) Business could increase efficiency by standardizing job routines and rewarding the fastest workers.
C) Businesses should combine several competing corporations into one larger holding company.
D) Corporations should narrow the scope of their business so that they could focus on the core areas they understood best.
E) Corporations should provide workers with better wages and working conditions in an effort to prevent government regulation or outside unionization.

Question 9

Which of the following court case is correctly paired with its significance?

A) Northern Securities case: declared the Federal Reserve Bank of the Northwest to be in violation of Interstate Commerce Commission rules.
B) Lochner v. New York: Upholds a state sterilization law.
C) Muller v. Oregon: Struck down a law restricting working hours for female laundry workers.
D) Standard Oil Co. v. U.S.: Orders dissolution of Standard Oil.
E) Buck v. Bell: Overturns law setting maximum working hours for bakery workers.

Question 10

How did the Ballinger-Pinchot debate influence the relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft?

A) It proved to Roosevelt that Taft was worthy to be his successor.
B) It showed that even out of office Roosevelt had more power than Taft.
C) It widened the rift between Roosevelt and Taft.
D) It revealed that making jokes about Taft's weight would lead to tensions between the two men.
E) It provided evidence of the growing divisions within the Republican Party.

Question 11

Who were the muckrakers?

A) Investigative journalists who wrote exposés on large corporations
B) Politicians who were willing to do anything to get re-elected
C) Interest group leaders who supported Progressive reforms
D) Philanthropists who pledged their money to eliminate corruption
E) Government officials who supervised the elimination of brothels

Question 12

In 1910, approximately how many of the nation's children between the ages of ten and fifteen worked outside the home?

A) 100,000
B) 9,500,000
C) 1,600,000
D) 7,300,000
E) 5,000,000

Question 13

Jim Crow laws were

A) a method of imposing strict segregation in things like streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries.
B) declared in the Danbury Hatters case to be unconstitutional.
C) laws instituted by many northern municipalities in the early twentieth century in an effort to ensure honest and effective government.
D) federal laws outlawing discrimination in public accommodations.
E) pieces of legislation that set aside public monies to aid black Americans.

Question 14

Why did the number of professional organizations, and their membership, increase markedly during the first two decades of the twentieth century?

A) The middle class viewed such organizations as the best way to impress the old aristocratic families.
B) Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class.
C) Such organizations helped to provide the middle class with an entrée into local political organizations.
D) Many professions were on the decline and formed organizations to protect themselves.
E) Until the twentieth century, professional organizations were looked upon as badges of shame or poverty.

Question 15

What happened to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act?

A) The president never signed it into law.
B) After the president signed it, it strictly limited the number of children able to work.
C) The Supreme Court ruled it ruled unconstitutional.
D) After it passed, a number of southern states refused to accept its legality.
E) It profoundly changed America's immigration policies.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning progressives is not correct?

A) Because progressivism sprang from the American reform tradition, its assumptions and goals were identical to those of earlier movements.
B) Progressives transformed America's political and social landscape.
C) Progressive reformers were often moralistic
D) Progressivism focused little attention on racial problems.
E) Progressives were interested in a variety of reforms.

Question 17

John Muir is best known for his work in

A) ending child labor in factories.
B) protecting the purity of American food.
C) preserving America's wilderness areas.
D) fighting the railroads for greater passenger safety.
E) lobbying for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 18

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe Black Americans in the early 20th century?

A) Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois were key black leaders.
B) Lynchings were quite common, with anywhere from 50 to 70 occurring each year.
C) Most Progressives believed that improving Black American rights should be a high priority.
D) Black Americans typically could not vote.
E) William Lloyd Garrison led a campaign against lynchings.

Question 19

What did the writings of Thorstein Veblen, William James, and Herbert Croly have in common?

A) They formed the intellectual and ideological foundations of Social Darwinism.
B) They were the most prominent examples of the intellectual assault on progressivism that began around 1920.
C) They implicitly supported the need for far-reaching reforms of American society.
D) They were misread by progressives to mean that socialism was the nation's only hope of social reform.
E) They provided the intellectual and legal arguments used to support Jim Crow laws.

Question 20

In the early twentieth century, how did many middle-class women begin to view employment outside the home?

A) as a badge of shame.
B) as a way of keeping the divorce rate down.
C) as a potential opportunity.
D) as the only way to survive in the new economy.
E) as always frustrating and isolating.

Question 21

Amusement parks were important to the urban poor because they

A) allowed the urban poor to be treated on the same terms as other economic classes.
B) provided an opportunity for a brief escape from life in the tenements.
C) showed the opportunities provided when you worked hard.
D) enabled female workers to escape from the control of their husbands.
E) provided construction and maintenance jobs for unemployed workers.

Question 22

Who was Eugene V. Debs?

A) He directed the crusade against child labor during the Progressive era.
B) He commanded U.S. military forces during World War I.
C) He created the Congress of Industrial Organizations to challenge the American Federation of Labor.
D) He led the Socialist Party in the early 20th century.
E) He was a leading progressive from Wisconsin who later ran for the presidency.

Question 23

What did the Triangle Shirtwaist fire illustrate about the problems in American society?

A) that industrialists cared about the best interest of their workers.
B) the effectiveness of state regulation of factories.
C) just how little Woodrow Wilson understood about fire safety.
D) that most Americans cared very little for black workers.
E) the heavy toll that industrialization had taken on American life.

Question 24

Urban planners and architects such as Daniel Burnham wanted to

A) rebuild the typical American city with stronger materials so that a catastrophe like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire would never be repeated.
B) reroute the flow of railroad and vehicular traffic at grade level directly through the heart of the city, so that all urban dwellers would see and appreciate such symbols of economic progress.
C) eliminate slums by building low-income housing on previously unused lakefront property.
D) rebuild the urban landscape with grand boulevards, imposing squares, monumental buildings, and extensive recreational facilities, and thereby restore the public's pride in metropolitan America.
E) improve highways leading to the suburbs so that merchants could build grand commercial palaces where the people could shop for all their needs

Question 25

The 1910 Mann Act

A) established the Pure Food and Drug Administration.
B) made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes."
C) limited unions' right to set up boycotts in support of strikes.
D) beefed up the Interstate Commerce Commission's rate-setting powers.
E) prohibited the sale of alcohol to anyone under the 18.

Question 26

According to John Dewey, schools need to

A) teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty.
B) serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects that were most needed by the business world.
C) become the engines of social change.
D) preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned authority.
E) guard against experimentalism.

Question 27

Which of the following women was not a leader of the woman-suffrage movement in the late 19th and/or early 20th centuries?

A) Carrie Chapman Catt
B) Susan B. Anthony
C) Margaret Sanger
D) Alice Paul
E) They all were leaders of the woman-suffrage movement.

Question 28

To a middle-class reformer around 1910, which of the following statements would reveal the most about the morality of the movies?

A) Movies were typically shown in immigrant-district nickelodeons.
B) One of the first movies to tell a real story was called The Great Train Robbery.
C) Theda Bara was actually Theodosia Goodman, of Cincinnati, Ohio.
D) Movie technology had been developed in the United States.
E) Films were made for commercial profit.

Question 29

Why did many progressives advocate restricting immigration to the United States?

A) They concluded that since the immigrant city bred problems, immigrants should be excluded.
B) They believed that urban planners had to be given time to clear the slums and redesign the boulevards so that immigrants would see America at its best.
C) They believed that it was cruel to allow immigrants to come to America if they were going to have to work in unhealthy factories.
D) They believed that until the U.S. economy had been reformed, it could never expand rapidly enough to incorporate waves of immigrants.
E) They feared that immigrants would support labor unions and thereby reduce the influence of individual progressive organizations.

Question 30

In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed the corruption in

A) the oil refining industry.
B) the steel industry.
C) the railroads industry.
D) the meatpacking industry.
E) the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Question 31

Robert La Follette was

A) a progressive reformer who established policies that were labeled the "Wisconsin Idea".
B) the Republican nominee for president in 1916.
C) the chief justice of the Supreme Court who fought against most progressive legislation.
D) the architect of Carnegie Hall.
E) the founder of the new version of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1910s.

Question 32

Which of the following was not a goal of municipal reformers?

A) urban beautification.
B) better garbage collection.
C) privatizing water, gas, and public transportation, for greater efficiency.
D) tenement safety regulations.
E) decent housing.

Question 33

Among the political changes that reformers wished to bring to state government during the early years of the twentieth century was

A) giving voters the power to enact laws directly.
B) simplifying the procedure for voting by giving voters preprinted ballots bearing the name of a specific candidate.
C) ensuring the most qualified senators by shifting their election to the state legislatures.
D) having candidates for public office be selected by the party leadership rather than through the more cumbersome and time-consuming process of having all party members vote.
E) allowing two-term incumbents to move to a third term without an election.

Question 34

Which of the following women is not properly paired with her reform activity?

A) Florence Kelley: federal child-labor laws
B) Margaret Sanger: birth control
C) Alice Hamilton: lead poisoning
D) Mary Ware Dennett: sex education
E) Emma Goldman: work-related diseases and health hazards

Question 35

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A) weakened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
B) placed more restrictions on business activities that could lead to the formation of a monopoly.
C) prohibited companies having more than 500 employees.
D) was vague about the specific illegal practices that constituted "restraint of trade."
E) protected archaeological sites in the Southwest.

Question 36

W. E. B. Du Bois was the author of

A) The Souls of Black Folk.
B) The Passing of the Great Race.
C) Up from Slavery.
D) Following the Color Line.
E) How the Other Half Lives.

Question 37

Which of the following pieces of legislation was part of the progressive drive to regulate food and/or drug safety?

A) Hepburn Act
B) Mann-Elkins Act
C) Harrison Act
D) Adamson Act
E) Antiquities Act

Question 38

What did Booker T. Washington believe was the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States?

A) They should struggle militantly against all forms of racial discrimination in order to gain educational opportunity.
B) They should form a nationwide council to work for federal laws against lynching.
C) They should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.
D) They should migrate to the cities and open shops and other small businesses.
E) They should leave the United States and return to their African origins.

Question 39

Which of the following was not a goal of municipal reformers?

A) substituting professional city managers for mayors,
B) city councils that were appointed by mayors rather than chosen in citywide elections
C) aldermen elected on a ward-by-ward basis
D) reducing political clout of immigrants
E) eliminating the old, informal system of patronage

Question 40

Which of the following writers would not be considered a muckraker?

A) Ida Tarbell
B) David Graham Phillips
C) Lincoln Steffens
D) Gifford Pinchot
E) Upton Sinclair

Question 41

The Federal Reserve Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, provided a banking system that was

A) under mixed public and private control.
B) completely in private hands but that was regulated by the government.
C) completely under government control.
D) decentralized, with private state banks that operated without federal regulation.
E) centralized, with private banks that had no branches.

Question 42

What did the Hepburn act of 1906 do?

A) It empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates and to examine the financial records of railroad companies.
B) It reversed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company.
C) It made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes."
D) It instituted strict regulation of the meatpacking industry.
E) It established the Federal Reserve System.

Question 43

Which of the candidates in the 1912 presidential election advocated the most far-reaching changes for American society?

A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) William Howard Taft
D) Charles Evans Hughes
E) Eugene V. Debs

Question 44

Which of the following is the most accurate generalization about the attitudes of Progressives toward African Americans?

A) Most Progressives generally supported or tolerated segregated schools and housing, and restrictions on black voting rights.
B) Most Progressives viewed African-Americans, like immigrants, as potential allies.
C) Most Progressives worked for a Constitutional amendment to guarantee voting rights for all African Americans.
D) Most Progressives were vicious racists who thought that African Americans should be transported to Liberia.
E) Most Progressives were unaware of the existence of African Americans outside of the agricultural South.

Question 45

Which of the following is not indicative of Woodrow Wilson views on race relations in America?

A) He displayed at best a patronizing attitude toward blacks.
B) He praised the movie The Birth of a Nation.
C) He allowed southerners in his cabinet and in Congress to impose rigid segregation on all levels of the government.
D) He dined with Booker T. Washington at the White House
E) None of these choices illustrates his attitudes

Question 46

Which of the following was not one of the causes for the growing split in the Republican party during the administration of William Howard Taft?

A) Taft abandoned the fight for tariff reduction.
B) Taft refused to pursue further antitrust cases.
C) Taft angered Republican insurgents.
D) Taft campaigned for the Mann-Elkins Act.
E) Taft fired Gifford Pinchot.

Question 47

What might be considered Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring domestic legacy?

A) increasing public interest in environmental conservation.
B) stopping the growth of large and monopolistic corporations.
C) improving racial attitudes in Washington, D.C.
D) supporting the addition of the women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution.
E) cementing a firm relationship between capital and labor.