Deck 12: Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment

Question 1

Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:

A) impress and instruct.
B) glorify God.
C) please and entertain.
D) enlighten the world with rational, intellectual polyphony.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Rousseau was Europe's first:

A) publicist.
B) philosopher.
C) "alienated intellectual."
D) music copyist.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:

A) symphonies and concertos.
B) opera arias and recitatives.
C) chamber music.
D) piano sonatas.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The rise of public concerts in the eightenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:

A) vocal music.
B) chamber music.
C) opera.
D) orchestral music.

Question 5

Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?

A) opera house
B) public concert
C) oratorio
D) cantata

Question 6

Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?

A) Cosimo de' Medici
B) King John
C) Emperor Joseph II
D) Louis XIV

Question 7

The Classical style developed principally in:

A) Vienna.
B) Paris.
C) London.
D) Salzburg.

Question 8

A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:

A) sonata.
B) divertimento.
C) concerto.
D) chanson.

Question 9

Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?

A) opera house
B) church
C) court
D) concert hall

Question 10

Oxford was the location of Europe's first:

A) salon concert.
B) opera house.
C) concert hall.
D) cathedral concert.

Question 11

The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):

A) opera house.
B) concert hall.
C) gathering in a home.
D) arts lecture in a public place.

Question 12

What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?

A) the opera house
B) regular public concerts with subscription ticket sales
C) music in church services with subscription ticket sales
D) salon concerts with ticket sales

Question 13

The light,decorative,frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:

A) Rococo.
B) Baroque.
C) Viennese Classical.
D) salon style.

Question 14

The novel,a new literary genre of the eighteenth century,can be compared to:

A) the secular cantata.
B) opera seria.
C) the secular oratorio.
D) comic opera.

Question 15

In his writings,Rousseau attacked the:

A) instrumental music of the Classical era.
B) idea of music for entertainment.
C) religious music of the Classical era.
D) operatic style of the Baroque era.

Question 16

Rousseau desired:

A) more polyphony in symphonies.
B) more complex plots in opera.
C) simple characters singing "natural" music in opera.
D) mythical characters singing complex music in oratorios.

Question 17

Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.

A) Italian comic
B) Italian dramatic
C) French Baroque
D) Florentine

Question 18

The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.

A) early seventeenth
B) mid-seventeenth
C) early eighteenth
D) mid-eighteenth

Question 19

Thanks to Pergolesi,Rousseau,and Mozart,the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:

A) opera seria.
B) comic opera.
C) French Baroque opera.
D) highly polyphonic opera.

Question 20

Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:

A) Newton and Leibniz.
B) Voltaire and Rousseau.
C) Galileo and Voltaire.
D) Newton and Rousseau.

Question 21

The predominant texture of Classical music is:

A) monophony.
B) homophony.
C) imitative polyphony.
D) non-imitative polyphony.

Question 22

Which is not one of the standard Classical forms?

A) minuet
B) sonata
C) da capo
D) rondo

Question 23

The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:

A) one of each: flute, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon.
B) two of each: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and optional saxophone.
C) one of each: flute, clarinet, bassoon, and optional oboe.
D) two of each: flute, oboe, bassoon, and optional clarinet.

Question 24

The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument,the ________,in the Classical era.

A) harpsichord
B) French horn
C) piano
D) violin

Question 25

The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:

A) ornate and intellectually pleasing.
B) polyphonic and artificial.
C) full of "natural" simplicity and pleasing variety.
D) monophonic and melodically complex.

Question 26

Which is true of Classical music?

A) The basic Classical orchestra had fewer instruments than the basic Baroque orchestra.
B) Composers of Classical music tried to emulate the unvarying rhythms of Baroque music.
C) Composers of Classical music worked extensively with all musical elements to add variety and flexibility.
D) Classical themes tend to be less tuneful than Baroque themes.

Question 27

The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:

A) play along with the woodwind section.
B) play along with the string section.
C) support the main harmonies.
D) play special effects such as fanfares.

Question 28

The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:

A) a bass drum.
B) two timpani.
C) timpani and cymbals.
D) a bass drum and cymbals.

Question 29

In the Classical orchestra,the woodwind and brass instruments:

A) were not specified.
B) had clearly defined roles.
C) always played along with the string section.
D) generally played together.

Question 30

In a movement of Classical music,the ________ will stay the same,and the ________ will be varied.

A) rhythms; meter
B) meter and tempo; rhythms
C) rhythms and tempo; meter
D) meter; tempo and rhythms

Question 31

What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?

A) writing harmony for its pleasing sonorities
B) distributing notes in chords among various instruments
C) using the continuo to suggest the harmony
D) developing greater subtlety in rhythm and harmony

Question 32

What was the result of the Classical practice of using standard forms?

A) More specialization occurred with Classical composers than with those of previous periods.
B) Fewer pieces were written, since there was a limited number of acceptable forms.
C) Music became less predictable for the listener.
D) Forms provided a commonly understood frame of reference for appreciating music.

Question 33

The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:

A) orchestra.
B) organ.
C) piano.
D) chorus.

Question 34

In the Classical era,counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.

A) stability; homophonic
B) tension; slow
C) stability; development
D) tension; development

Question 35

How are Classical themes "closed off"?

A) with one clear cadence
B) with multiple cadences
C) with a rest
D) with the beginning of the next theme

Question 36

Identify when the Classical style was born,its city of greatest development,and the ruler under whom it thrived.

Question 37

How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition?

A) by repeating it right away
B) by setting it in imitation
C) by repeating it at the end of the work
D) by quoting popular tunes of the day

Question 38

Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?

A) plainchant melodies
B) popular tunes
C) sonatas
D) choruses

Question 39

Which is true of the use of dynamics in the Classical era?

A) Dynamics and gradual dynamic changes were specifically notated by composers.
B) Dynamics were not notated by composers; they were improvised by performers.
C) Dynamics could change only from movement to movement within a piece.
D) Dynamics were notated by composers but remained more or less constant throughout a piece.

Question 40

Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?

A) By the time the Classical style had fully evolved, polyphony had once again become the main texture used by composers.
B) Classical composers used a significant amount of monophony in their music.
C) Polyphony was rejected completely by Classical composers.
D) Compared to Baroque composers, Classical composers employed a delicate and unobtrusive sort of polyphony in their music.

Question 41

Discuss how the development of the public concert during the Classical era altered the social and economic nature of Western art music.

Question 42

Briefly describe the significance of the Enlightenment as an intellectual movement.What were some of its sources,and what problems did it attempt to address?

Question 43

Why did Classical composers use repetition in music?

Question 44

What was the purpose of a divertimento? Briefly describe the character of a typical divertimento.

Question 45

How did Classical composers view counterpoint? What purposes did these composers have in mind when they used it?

Question 46

Briefly explain the two new ways in which composers use dynamics in the Classical style.

Question 47

Briefly contrast the purpose of the arts in the Classical era with their purpose in the medieval,Renaissance,and Baroque periods.

Question 48

Which eighteenth-century composer is comparable to Jane Austen in his exploration of social forces and the individual? What is the title of the opera mentioned in this regard,and why is this work significant?

Question 49

Contrast the Classical approach to harmony with that of Baroque composers.

Question 50

Compare and contrast the Classical orchestra with the Baroque orchestra.How did the functions of the woodwind,brass,and percussion families change?

Question 51

What instrument became a favorite in the Classical period? Why?

Question 52

Where could a composer still be sure to earn a living in the Classical era?

Question 53

What is the predominant texture of music in the Classical style? How did it serve the expressive ideal of the Classical era?

Question 54

Briefly describe Rococo style.

Question 55

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau think of Baroque opera? What characteristics did he foster in Classical opera?

Question 56

Name two innovations of the Enlightenment that had an impact on the musical life of that era.Explain the effect(s)of each.

Question 57

Which literary genre was closely tied to opera in the Classical era? Briefly explain the relationship between opera and this type of literature.

Question 58

Briefly describe the two concepts considered essential to the Classical style.

Question 59

Characterize the use of rhythm by Classical composers.

Question 60

Contrast the Baroque approach to melody with the Classical approach.

Question 61

Characterize transitional passages in Classical music.

Question 62

Name four important forms used by Classical composers.

Question 63

Briefly describe how Classical composers made the ends of themes and phrases clear.

Question 64

Briefly describe how the composer's use of set forms might influence the listener's comprehension of the music.