Deck 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is true of ergonomics?

A)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on studying group and intergroup phenomena.
B)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on the social environment of the workplace.
C)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on combining engineering and psychology.
D)All of these

Answer 1

Ergonomics is a field that focuses on combining engineering and psychology.

Question 2

_____ is the field of psychology that applies the science of human behavior to work and the workplace.

A)Developmental psychology
B)Abnormal psychology
C)Cognitive psychology
D)Industrial and organizational psychology

Answer 2

Industrial and organizational psychology

Question 3

Today,ergonomics specialists have expertise in:

A)perception, attention, and cognition.
B)learning theories.
C)social and environmental psychology.
D)All of these

Answer 3

All of these

Question 4

_____ is the managerial philosophy that emphasizes the worker as a well-oiled machine and the determination of the most efficient methods for performing any work-related task.

A)Contingency management
B)Scientific management
C)Strengths-based management
D)Human relations approach

Question 5

In his office,Dylan sits in a chair that is too low for his desk.Consequently,he develops neck and shoulder pain.Research in which of the following fields can be used to fix this problem?

A)Mnemonics
B)Ergonomics
C)Group dynamics
D)Human relations

Question 6

Understanding and enhancing the safety and efficiency of the human-machine interaction is the central focus of:

A)mnemonics.
B)behavioral psychology.
C)group dynamics.
D)ergonomics.

Question 7

Food & Fun Inc.,a hamburger fast food restaurant,systematizes its operations in such a way that one person is in charge of grilling,another person is in charge of dressing the edible items,and the third person delivers the orders to the customers.The unassembled burger ingredients are moved from one worker to another via a small motorized conveyor belt.Food & Fun is probably following a pattern of:

A)craft production.
B)pilot production.
C)prototyping.
D)assembly line.

Question 8

Adam works in a cubicle that barely accommodates his desktop and keyboard.Moreover,the mouse wire doesn't seem long enough.Adam always has to bend his wrist to click on the mouse.Adam is probably facing a problem related to:

A)orientation.
B)ergonomics.
C)mnemonics.
D)job design.

Question 9

Jackie,Henry's supervisor,informs Henry that she is going to monitor his performance over the course of the next week.The following week,Jackie is surprised to find a great improvement in Henry's productivity.Henry's performance can be attributed to the _____.

A)anchoring effect
B)Placebo effect
C)halo effect
D)Hawthorne effect

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT included in the guidelines for scientific management?

A)Jobs should be carefully analyzed to identify the best way to perform them.
B)Employees should be trained at the job they will perform.
C)Employees should be rewarded for productivity to enhance performance.
D)Employees should be hired on the basis of their formal education.

Question 11

When her manager asks Sally to demonstrate how fast she can accomplish her task on the production line,Sally finishes the task in record time.Sally's performance is best explained by the _____.

A)Placebo effect
B)anchoring effect
C)halo effect
D)Hawthorne effect

Question 12

Meterminx Inc.,a clock manufacturer,adds a motorized conveyer belt to its manufacturing plant so that the clock being fabricated automatically moves from one workstation to the next,and the workers stay in the same place.From the information in this scenario,it is evident that Meterminx has employed the process of _____.

A)assembly line
B)batch production
C)collaborative customization
D)pilot production

Question 13

According to the Hawthorne effect,people perform better when they are:

A)given negative feedback.
B)singled out and made to feel important.
C)subjected to a great deal of stress.
D)given incentives and rewards on a regular basis.

Question 14

The management at Concar Inc.,a manufacturer of automobiles,decides to increase the company's productivity.The engineers implement a system in which the installations of the different components of a car take place at several stations,in a sequential flow.Which of the following manufacturing processes is Concar Inc.using to manufacture its cars?

A)Assembly line
B)Batch production
C)Prototyping
D)Pilot production

Question 15

The tendency of individuals to perform better simply because of being singled out and made to feel important is called:

A)the primacy effect.
B)the Hawthorne effect.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)the halo effect.

Question 16

Which of the following approaches has influenced industrial and organizational psychology?

A)Ergonomics
B)Scientific management
C)Hawthorne studies
D)All of these

Question 17

Vail Co.,a manufacturer of electronic gadgets,has designed a new computer mouse.The engineers at Vail Co.claim that their mouse has been specifically designed to mitigate pain and stress.The mouse has been designed to have a vertical grip that keeps the user's hand and wrist at a neutral angle,thereby reducing discomfort.In designing their new computer mouse,the scientists at Vail Co.have conducted studies in the field of _____.

A)ergonomics
B)group dynamics
C)mnemonics
D)abnormal psychology

Question 18

The advent of _____ demonstrates the spirit of scientific management and its emphasis on efficiency.

A)operations research
B)ergonomics
C)assembly line
D)supply chain management

Question 19

Calico Inc.manufactures computer chairs that are designed to prevent muscular strain and provide back rest.These chairs have been specifically engineered for office workers who spend several hours a day in front of their computers.The managers of Calico Inc.claim that their computer chairs are aimed at promoting worker efficiency and safety.Which of the following disciplines have the engineers at Calico used in developing their chairs?

A)Mnemonics
B)Ergonomics
C)Human relations
D)Group dynamics

Question 20

Desmond is an account executive at a small accounting firm.Over the years,his performance has dipped gradually.One day,his manager summons him and tells him that his performance is being monitored.The manager further warns Desmond that if he fails to improve his productivity,he may have to lose his job.Surprisingly,after one month,performance reviews indicate a drastic improvement in Desmond's productivity.Desmond's performance can be best explained by the _____.

A)Placebo effect
B)halo effect
C)Hawthorne effect
D)anchoring effect

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of the Hawthorne studies?

A)The studies indicate that management style is a primary factor in increasing employees' productivity.
B)The studies suggest that workers tend to work harder when they are aware that their performance is being studied.
C)The studies strongly support management's obsession with efficiency and its effect on the human side of business.
D)The studies focus on the impact of mechanization on labor and productivity.

Question 22

Which of the following statements demonstrates how the Hawthorne studies affected industrial and organizational (I/O)research?

A)The studies reinforced the principles of scientific management.
B)The studies confirmed the idea that what was good for business was good for the employee.
C)The studies steered research away from scientific management and toward human relations.
D)All of these

Question 23

Jonah works as a program analyst for Ruby Inc.James,a human resource manager,is in the process of recruiting new candidates for the company.He asks Jonah to write a description of what his job entails and the necessary skills required for the position.James has asked Jonah to help him prepare a(n)_____.

A)job analysis
B)integrity test
C)job evaluation
D)performance appraisal

Question 24

Gwen has been working at her current job for seven years and is due for a promotion.Her manager asks her to create a description of what her job entails and asks her to specify the skills required to execute her tasks on a daily basis.Gwen's manager has asked her to write a(n):

A)job analysis.
B)structured interview.
C)job performance review.
D)integrity test.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the differences between industrial psychology and organizational psychology?

A)Industrial psychology focuses more on efficiency and cost effectiveness in comparison to organizational psychology.
B)Organizational psychology is less concerned with feelings of fulfillment when compared to industrial psychology.
C)Industrial psychology is more concerned with human relations, while organizational psychology is less concerned with human relations.
D)Organizational psychology focuses more on safety issues, while industrial psychology does not divert much attention to such issues.

Question 26

A _____ allows job seekers to evaluate their interest in a particular occupation.

A)360-degree feedback form
B)performance evaluation
C)competency chart
D)job description

Question 27

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990:

A)was passed to prevent individuals with disabilities from performing essential functions.
B)made it illegal to offer employment or a promotion to a person with a disability.
C)supports the use of accommodations that permit qualified individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions of a job.
D)defines a person with a disability as qualified for a position if he is only able to perform nonessential job functions, with or without reasonable accommodations.

Question 28

Joshua is a marketing associate at Sapphire Inc.He has been working in the company for the past five years and is expecting a promotion to the position of assistant marketing manager.Although his performance is consistent,he is an introvert.The management turns down his promotion on the grounds that the position requires an active leadership style.Which of the following might the management have referred to in order to arrive at such a decision?

A)Job analysis
B)Job evaluation
C)Performance appraisal
D)Integrity test

Question 29

Bella's employer asks her to generate a description of her job that entails what a job applicant needs to know to perform the job,the desired skills and abilities required for the job,and other favorable characteristics that the job applicant must possess for the job.Bella's employer has asked her to generate a(n)_____.

A)performance appraisal
B)job evaluation report
C)person-oriented job analysis
D)integration test

Question 30

_____ emphasizes the psychological characteristics of workers and managers and stresses the significance of factors such as moral,attitudes,and values.

A)Scientific management
B)The human relations approach
C)Strengths-based management
D)Ergonomics

Question 31

Job analysis provides information that is useful to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)job seekers who are looking for jobs to match their skills and interests.
B)personnel officers who are making hiring decisions.
C)lawyers who are considering fairness in job requirements.
D)analysts who determine market wages and pay rates for occupations.

Question 32

_____ focuses on increasing efficiency and productivity through the appropriate use of a firm's personnel or employees.

A)Comparative psychology
B)Cross-cultural psychology
C)Industrial psychology
D)Organizational psychology

Question 33

In the context of job analysis,_____ refers to a person's cAPAcity to put the KSAOs into action and apply them effectively in the workplace.

A)the halo effect
B)situational judgment
C)orientation
D)competency

Question 34

In the context of a person-oriented job analysis,which of the following stands for the acronym KSAOs?

A)Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics
B)Kinesis, serenity, attitudes, and organizational cAPAbilities
C)Kaizen, salary, advancements, and orientations
D)Kindness, serenity, attractiveness, and orientations

Question 35

In the context of industrial psychology,a job analysis:

A)involves evaluating whether a person is doing a good job.
B)can focus on the job itself or on the characteristics of the person who is suited for the job.
C)accurately describes the essential functions of a job while eliminating the nonessential functions.
D)is irrelevant in the legal realm.

Question 36

Marilyn has a walking disability.She needs a wheelchair to move around.In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)of 1990,if she is hired for a new job,the company must:

A)compensate her for the costs of a functional workplace wheelchair.
B)limit her job responsibilities accordingly.
C)make accommodations to allow her to do the job.
D)hire an assistant to assist with her mobility issues.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the three essential elements of a job analysis?

A)Following a systematic procedure that is set up in advance
B)Stating the current demand for a particular job
C)Breaking down a job into small units
D)Framing an employee manual that characterizes a job

Question 38

The process of generating a description of what a job involves,including the knowledge and skills that are necessary to carry out the functions of the job,is called a:

A)job evaluation.
B)job analysis.
C)job orientation.
D)performance appraisal.

Question 39

The human relations approach to management lays emphasis on _____.

A)the significance of factors such as morale, attitudes, and values
B)the psychological characteristics of workers and managers
C)the workplace as an important social system
D)All of these

Question 40

A _____ outlines what the job entails and what it requires.

A)job-oriented analysis
B)person-oriented job analysis
C)performance appraisal
D)job evaluation

Question 41

In the process of being evaluated for a certain job position,Eric was asked to complete a test that questioned his attitude toward lying.After answering the questionnaire,Eric was told that this test was designed to determine how honest he would be on the job if he were selected.Eric was asked to take a(n)_____.

A)intelligence test
B)projective test
C)integrity test
D)situational judgment test

Question 42

Pablo,Harry's boss,has just finished interviewing a potential new employee.Pablo tells Harry that it only takes him a few minutes to accurately assess a person's strengths and weaknesses.Pablo is confident that the candidate he just interviewed is an honest and hardworking individual.Which of the following tendencies has Pablo exhibited in this instance?

A)Normative commitment
B)Interviewer illusion
C)The Hawthorne effect
D)Interviewer bias

Question 43

_____are websites that employers use to advertise openings to recruit new hires.

A)Human resource management systems
B)Job reference pages
C)Job boards
D)Wikis

Question 44

A(n)_____ is a kind of interview in which candidates are asked specific questions that methodically seek to obtain truly useful information for the interviewer.

A)structured interview
B)unstructured interview
C)orientation
D)work sample

Question 45

Which of the following is true of a structured interview?

A)A structured interview facilitates spontaneity and gives priority to competent candidates with job experience.
B)A structured interview is less superior to an unstructured interview in terms of predicting eventual job performance.
C)A disadvantage of conducting a structured interview is that it can hinder a job candidate's performance during an interview.
D)A structured interview puts all candidates on equal footing and gives them all the same chance to demonstrate their skill.

Question 46

"If you receive an extra cheeseburger when you go through the drive-thru,is it okay to keep it?" In the context of the employee selection process,this could be a question from a(n)_____.

A)intelligence test
B)ability test
C)integrity test
D)situational judgment test

Question 47

"I don't need fancy tests or inventories;I can read people like books." This statement from an interviewer reflects the tendency of:

A)normative commitment.
B)the Hawthorne effect.
C)interviewer bias.
D)interviewer illusion.

Question 48

Bruce is the owner of Orion Inc.,a manufacturer of electronic gadgets.He wants to hire the most honest job applicants as marketing executives for the company.In the context of employee selection,it can be inferred that Bruce is likely to employ a(n)_____ to assess the honesty levels of the job applicants.

A)situational judgment test
B)integrity test
C)job analysis
D)structured interview

Question 49

The term interviewer illusion refers to the tendency of interviewers to believe that:

A)their first impression of an applicant is always incorrect.
B)applicants who give all the right answers make the best employees.
C)applicants who are attractive are also highly cAPAble.
D)they can discern the truth from job applicant.

Question 50

Bruce and Grant apply for work at the same company.Bruce is interviewed using a structured interview format,while Grant is interviewed using an unstructured interview format.Both men are hired.Will the employer be able to predict their future job performance based on how each of them performed in their respective interviews?

A)No, interviews are not good predictors of future job performance.
B)The employer will be better able to predict Bruce's future job performance.
C)The employer will be better able to predict Grant's future job performance.
D)The employer will be able to predict both Bruce's and Grant's future job performance equally well.

Question 51

Which of the following tests is used by an employer to assess a job candidate's adaptability?

A)An integrity test
B)An intelligence test
C)A projective test
D)A situational judgment test

Question 52

A(n)_____ is a type of job screening examination that presents job candidates with realistic,hypothetical scenarios and asks them to identify the most appropriate response.

A)situational judgment test
B)IQ test
C)projective test
D)overt integrity test

Question 53

Dave,a graphic designer,has applied for a job at Animatrix Co.,an animation studio.When he is called for the interview,Dave is asked to carry his portfolio along with him.His portfolio contains copies of the brochures,illustrations,and advertisements that he's designed.In this scenario,Dave's graphic portfolio is an example of a(n)_____.

A)structured interview
B)work sample
C)exercise
D)integrity test

Question 54

Ross is an aspiring photographer.He attends a job interview in a photo studio where he is asked to present his photography portfolio.In this scenario,Ross's portfolio is an example of a(n)_____.

A)prototype
B)work sample
C)orientation
D)integrity test

Question 55

Which of the following is true of an employee selection interview?

A)An interview only reveals whether an interviewee is qualified for a job but does not disclose aspects of his cognitive ability.
B)During an interview, an interviewee may display a lot of different qualities, not all of which are relevant to the position in question.
C)Most interviewers, during interviews, hone their social skills as these skills are mandatory for every job.
D)During an interview, an interviewer and an interviewee tend to have the same goal.

Question 56

_____ refers to an employee selection method used to identify a potential candidate for an opening through current or former employees' social networks.

A)Referral
B)Screening
C)Internal hiring
D)Orientation

Question 57

In the context of employee selection,a situational judgment test:

A)can measure how efficient a job applicant is in handling unanticipated obstacles.
B)can assess whether a job applicant is likely to be honest on the job.
C)involves unforced choices and close-ended responses.
D)can only assess a job applicant's knowledge but not his competencies.

Question 58

A(n)_____ is a type of job-screening examination that is designed to assess whether a candidate will be honest on the job.

A)integrity test
B)situational judgment test
C)projective test
D)authenticity test

Question 59

A key drawback with the use of tests to screen individuals for desirable characteristics is that:

A)prospective candidates can fake a good impression.
B)it is an expensive procedure.
C)employers require extensive training to make accurate assessments.
D)it is a time-consuming procedure.

Question 60

The possible concerns about hiring an employee through an interview process include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)gender bias.
B)ethnic bias.
C)failure to assess the skills required to do the job.
D)the time involved in hiring the candidate.

Question 61

At the end of each month,Tonya's performance is evaluated by several of her co-workers,her manager,and even herself.This is known as _____.

A)180-degree feedback
B)unbiased feedback
C)360-degree feedback
D)job evaluation

Question 62

_____ is a relationship between an experienced employee and a novice in which the more experienced employee serves as an advisor,a sounding board,and a source of support for the newer employee.

A)Mentoring
B)Orientation
C)Normative commitment
D)Continuance commitment

Question 63

Ryan works as a software engineer at Sysinfo Inc.,a software firm.He usually comes in early for work and stays late,beyond the normal working hours.He also assists his colleagues with assignments when they approach him for help.In this scenario,Ryan's conduct exemplifies _____.

A)organizational citizenship behavior
B)the Hawthorne effect
C)the halo effect
D)continuance commitment

Question 64

A(n)_____ is a program by which an organization introduces newly hired employees to the organization's goals,familiarizes them with its rules and regulations,and lets them know how to get things done.

A)performance appraisal
B)integrity test
C)orientation
D)interview

Question 65

Joe and Larry are employed at the same telecommunications company.Their manager has just conducted objective assessments of their sales of complex data products during the first quarter.Larry sold more products than Joe.Subjectively,however,Joe is considered to be easier to work with.Which of the following is an implication for the manager in conducting Joe and Larry's respective performance appraisals?

A)The manager should focus only on the highest number of total sales.
B)The manager should include subjective ratings by supervisors or a panel of experts.
C)The manager should lay emphasis on the quality of work and ignore the sales numbers.
D)The manager should consider only the cancellations and disregard the numbers of sales.

Question 66

Which of the following positions requires the most extensive training?

A)Software engineer
B)Home health aide
C)Airline pilot
D)Massage therapist

Question 67

The evaluation of a person's success at meeting his or her organization's goals is known as _____.

A)performance appraisal
B)orientation
C)job crafting
D)job analysis

Question 68

In the context of employee training,a workplace mentor is a(n):

A)new employee.
B)trainee.
C)inexperienced employee.
D)experienced employee.

Question 69

Susan's boss is evaluating her performance at work.Susan is known for her ability to complete large volumes of work in short periods of time.She also has excellent time management skills,is good at prioritizing,and is good at delegating tasks.In addition to these strengths,Susan also has certain weaknesses.For instance,she fails to pay attention to detail and tends to make a lot of errors.Susan's boss,however,gives her very similar scores for productivity,efficiency,and accuracy.Which of the following phenomena has been exemplified in this scenario?

A)The placebo effect
B)Organizational citizenship behavior
C)The halo effect
D)The Hawthorne effect

Question 70

Cathy and the other new employees of Oblivion Co.were introduced to the company and its managers on their first day of work.After attending a presentation on the company norms,the employees were given a brief tour of the office.Such a program is an example of a(n)_____.

A)interview
B)orientation
C)job evaluation
D)exercise

Question 71

In the context of training,which of the following is true of computer-based and in-person orientation programs?

A)Most organizations avoid using computer-based orientation programs as they are more expensive.
B)Studies suggest that in-person orientation programs fall short on social factors.
C)Computer-based orientation programs give new employees a good sense of the social culture of their new workplace.
D)Both computer-based orientation programs and in-person orientation programs provide new employees with information about the company.

Question 72

Hugh is a sales representative at Bellclark Inc.,an electronics manufacturer.For the third quarter,he is assigned a challenging territory.Although,he is a consistent performer,his sales figures fall below the average of other representatives,who are assigned to less difficult areas.Which of the following considerations should Hugh's manager take while evaluating Hugh's performance for the third quarter?

A)The manager should focus only on the objective count of the total sales.
B)The manager should include subjective ratings by supervisors or a panel of experts.
C)The manager should lay emphasis on the quality of work and ignore the sales numbers.
D)The manager should consider only the cancellations and disregard the numbers of sales.

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true with regard to workplace performance appraisals and job termination?

A)Within the U.S., firings from private businesses must be based on documentation of poor performance.
B)The U.S.is more stringent than Canada about documented proof of poor job performance.
C)In Canada, a person cannot be fired from any job without evidence of poor performance.
D)Within the U.S.government, an individual can be fired without documented evidence of poor performance.

Question 74

The _____ refers to a bias,common in performance appraisals,that occurs when a rater gives an employee the same rating on all of the items being evaluated,even though the individual varies across the dimensions being assessed.

A)primacy effect
B)placebo effect
C)Hawthorne effect
D)halo effect

Question 75

Leanne recently had a performance appraisal at her job.The reviews for her performance were submitted by her supervisor as well as her coworkers.Leanne also had to submit a review of her own work.Which of the following types of performance appraisals has been illustrated in this scenario?

A)Unbiased evaluation
B)360-degree feedback
C)180-degree feedback
D)Reflexive feedback

Question 76

Teaching a new employee the essential requirements to do the job well is known as _____.

A)training
B)mentoring
C)job crafting
D)downsizing

Question 77

During the annual performance appraisal,Jill's supervisor gives her a "9" on a scale of "1" to "10" for all the assessment items.Jill's colleagues,however,are aware that Jill's efficiency was more like a "6" on the "1-to-10" scale even though her work quality was a "9".Which of the following biases has been exhibited by Jill's supervisor in this instance?

A)The Hawthorne effect
B)The halo effect
C)Interviewer's illusion
D)Stereotyping

Question 78

_____ refers to discretionary actions on the part of an employee that promote institutional effectiveness but are not included in the person's formal responsibilities.

A)Continuance commitment
B)Job crafting
C)Mentoring
D)Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 79

Kenneth,a software engineer,has been working for Ruby Inc.for nearly two years.He is about to attend a workshop that will outline the features of a new software program that his company is planning on adopting in the future.Which of the following activities is Kenneth engaging in?

A)Overlearning
B)Mentoring
C)Employee development
D)Orientation

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true regarding the mentoring process in the workplace?

A)An assigned mentor is as effective as a natural mentor.
B)An incompetent mentor may be worse than having no mentor at all.
C)Mentoring can develop naturally for women in fields that are dominated by men.
D)A natural mentor is less likely to dedicate himself to new workers than an assigned one.