Deck 16: Therapies

Question 1

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to:

A)persuade clients to abandon their irrational, anxiety-inducing beliefs.
B)provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts.
C)train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior.
D)demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.

Answer 1

provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts.

Question 2

Rowan,a psychodynamic therapist,encourages his clients to express their thoughts and desires as and when they come to their mind.According to Freud,it can then be concluded that Rowan is implementing the _____ method.

A)free association
B)validation
C)reframing
D)structural change

Answer 2

free association

Question 3

Anabelle,a psychodynamic psychotherapist,intends to implement the free association method on Rosaline.According to this method,Rosaline is expected to:

A)relax as Anabelle presents her with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B)empty her mind of all thoughts and force herself to suppress her conflicts in her unconscious mind.
C)just talk about whatever comes to mind in response to the symptoms that has brought her to the treatment.
D)recall every little detail about all her happy childhood events.

Answer 3

just talk about whatever comes to mind in response to the symptoms that has brought her to the treatment.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of psychodynamic therapies?

A)They stress typically on the conscious mind and ignore the unconscious mind of the individual.
B)They ensure that individuals with problems suppress their unpleasant memories.
C)They focus on the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems.
D)They require minimal interpretation by the therapist.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis?

A)In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish.
B)Dreams represent unconscious conflicts; therefore, they must be ignored.
C)Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires.
D)In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind.

Question 6

According to Freud's therapeutic technique,getting people to talk freely:

A)exhausts them.
B)causes them to lose focus.
C)allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
D)masks their unconscious conflicts.

Question 7

In the context of types of therapy,psychoanalysis is a _____ therapy.

A)skill-development
B)insight-oriented
C)symptom-oriented
D)action-oriented

Question 8

Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

A)The duration of therapy sessions
B)The therapeutic alliance
C)The cost involved in therapy
D)The number of therapy sessions

Question 9

Charlotte is a psychologist who believes in the following statement,"Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts." Since she believes in this statement,it can be inferred that Charlotte practices _____ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)social learning
D)biological

Question 10

In psychoanalysis,the term transference refers to:

A)a client's resistance to the therapist's suggestions.
B)a client's transfer of parental conflicts onto the therapist.
C)the technique that psychoanalysts adopt for interpreting the dreams of their respective clients.
D)a client's way of relating to the analyst in order to relive his or her important relationships.

Question 11

Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it:

A)provides an opportunity to recreate important relationships.
B)redirects anxiety to the unconscious mind.
C)suppresses the release of painful and powerful emotions.
D)creates resistance.

Question 12

Psychoanalysts attempt to analyze a client's problems by:

A)convincing the client of the inappropriateness of the behaviors.
B)helping the individual suppress his or her thoughts or conflicts.
C)training the client in social skills.
D)bringing the client's unconscious thoughts to consciousness.

Question 13

According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective,what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?

A)Reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts
B)Bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
C)Having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist
D)Helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively

Question 14

Which of the following is considered as an insight-oriented therapy?

A)Classical conditioning
B)Freudian psychoanalysis
C)Operant conditioning
D)Cognitive therapy

Question 15

Michael is discussing his nightmare of a snake with his therapist.According to Freud,Michael is engaging in the method of:

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)dream analysis.
D)validation.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from psychodynamic therapy?

A)Catherine, who is depressed after the death of her spouse
B)Natalie, who has a phobia of spiders
C)Melvin, who has is addicted to nicotine
D)Carla, who is a victim of sexual abuse in her childhood

Question 17

Rochelle,a psychodynamic therapist,is constantly looking for hidden meanings behind Holly's nightmares.Hence,it can be concluded that Rochelle is:

A)implementing the free association method
B)providing transference
C)implementing the dream analysis technique
D)suppressing Holly's unconscious conflicts

Question 18

According to the psychoanalytic approach toward psychotherapy,which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

A)To point out inconsistencies in the client's thoughts and behaviors
B)To encourage the client to transfer negative feelings to the therapist
C)To free the client from conscious influences
D)To free the individual from conflict that resides in his or her unconscious mind

Question 19

Sean,a psychologist,told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement,it can be concluded that Sean follows a _____ approach.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)humanistic

Question 20

Deborah visits Andrew,a psychoanalyst,to discuss her relationship issues.During the psychoanalysis sessions,she reveals that she was abandoned by her father in her childhood.Toward the last few sessions,Deborah tells Andrew that he resembles her father.According to this scenario,Freud would conclude that Deborah has displayed _____ toward Andrew.

A)transcendence
B)catharsis
C)transference
D)countertransference

Question 21

In the context of types of therapy,client-centered therapy follows a _____ approach.

A)symptom-oriented
B)nondirective
C)skill-development
D)insight-oriented

Question 22

Fred tells his therapist,"I have never been a good problem solver.I am not assertive enough to be successful." The therapist then responds,"So you feel that you are not a good problem solver?" According to this scenario,it can be inferred that Fred's therapist implements _____ therapy.

A)dialectical
B)rational-emotive
C)cognitive-behavioral
D)client-centered

Question 23

During her last session with James,her psychoanalyst,Emma,who was devastated with the death of her older brother,told James that he reminds her of her older brother.As a result,James draws the conclusion that Emma has experienced _____.

A)transcendence
B)transference
C)sublimation
D)rationalization

Question 24

Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?

A)Mary, who comforts Joel since he is extremely anxious about his results.
B)Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss.
C)Horace, who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health.
D)Gayle, who congratulates his colleague, Neil, for performing well in the project.

Question 25

Since his father left,Joel has been treating his older brother more like a father and has been sharing all his feeling with him.From a psychoanalyst's viewpoint,the older brother in this scenario is synonymous to a therapist and Joel's behavior toward his older brother is the result of _____.

A)free association
B)transference
C)resistance
D)interpretation

Question 26

Sherice visits Harris,a psychotherapist,to resolve her marital problems.During her session with the psychotherapist,she tells that she is unhappy with her husband because he does not spend time with her.After several sessions,she realizes that she is quite fond of Harris because he gives her undivided attention.According to Freud,this growing affection for her therapist is known as:

A)therapeutic alliance.
B)positive regard.
C)reflection.
D)transference.

Question 27

Dr.Laura Patterson engages in reflective listening with Bill who suffers from depression.She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems.According to this information,it can be inferred that Dr.Patterson is practicing _____ psychotherapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)classical conditioning
D)directive

Question 28

When compared to psychoanalysts from the past,contemporary psychoanalysts place less emphasis on:

A)conscious thoughts.
B)current relationships.
C)sexual fantasies.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 29

Josie visited Edward,a psychoanalyst,but found his style too cold and distant.As a result,she visited George,another psychoanalyst,who practices client-centered therapy.During her sessions with George,she observed that the therapeutic environment was characterized by aspects of _____.

A)arousal and challenge
B)structure and desensitization
C)warmth and support
D)analysis and reinforcement

Question 30

Dr.Billings is a therapist who is specialized in psychoanalysis.Hence,she lays emphasis on:

A)prescribing medication that will reduce clients' anxiety.
B)teaching clients to suppress their fears systematically.
C)offering action-oriented strategies to help people change their behaviors.
D)using techniques such as free association and dream analysis to deal with client issues.

Question 31

Keira is a humanistic therapist who adopts the _____ approach to mirror the feelings of her clients in situations of grief.

A)validation
B)reframing
C)reflective speech
D)structural change

Question 32

Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?

A)Harry visits his psychotherapist twice a week.
B)Derek resents his psychotherapist who resembles his previous girlfriend.
C)Mandy is unhappy with her therapist who forgets her session dates.
D)Julia schedules her appointments with her therapist well in advance.

Question 33

Amanda is unable to form healthy relationships with men due to her traumatic experience of sexual abuse by her father when she was a child.As a result,her friend Clarice takes her to Dr.Jones,a well-known psychoanalyst,for therapy.However,Amanda opts out of therapy after a few sessions since Dr.Jones resembles her father.According to Freud,Amanda's reason for quitting the therapy sessions was due to the phenomenon of:

A)resistance.
B)projection.
C)transference.
D)transcendence.

Question 34

Mary has been working with a therapist because she was confused and unsure about herself for the past few years.Mary's therapist tends to be nondirective and facilitates her to explore her own identity and intentions related to her present.According to this scenario,it can be inferred that Mary's therapist adopts the _____ perspective of psychotherapy.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic

Question 35

Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize:

A)change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts.
B)unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.
C)the past rather than the present.
D)self-fulfillment rather than illness.

Question 36

Which of the following is an element recognized by Carl Rogers as one that is essential for human growth?

A)Self-efficacy
B)Intelligence
C)Self-actualization
D)Genuineness

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of dream analysis?

A)Unlike nightmares, dreams contain hidden, disguised wishes.
B)Dream analysis is a cognitive technique for interpreting an individual's conscious thoughts.
C)Dreams give individuals an outlet to express symbolically their unconscious wishes.
D)Dream analysis interprets dreams as unconscious wishes and nightmares as threats that individuals should avoid.

Question 38

Sarah visits Eva,her therapist,to share her grief regarding the loss of her son in a drunken-driving accident.During this process,Eva mirrors Sarah's feelings with respect to this incident.According to the humanistic perspective,it can be inferred that Eva is implementing the technique of _____.

A)unconditional positive regard
B)reflective speech
C)validation
D)catharsis

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true about humanistic therapies?

A)They focus on the individual's self-healing capacities.
B)They emphasize unconscious rather than conscious thoughts.
C)They emphasize the past rather than the present.
D)They are directive and action-oriented approaches.

Question 40

Dr.Morgan is a psychodynamic therapist who is working with Tyler.However,Tyler opts out of therapy after a few sessions since Dr.Morgan resembles his uncle who inflicted torture on him when he was a child.Hence,Dr.Morgan concluded that Tyler opted out of therapy since he experienced the phenomenon of _____ toward him.

A)resistance
B)transference
C)displacement
D)projection

Question 41

As part of a smoking cessation program,Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and is then asked to smoke a cigarette.As a result,Paul reduces the number of cigarettes he smokes per day.Which of the following behavioral therapies has been implemented on Paul in this scenario?

A)Aversive conditioning
B)Classical conditioning
C)Exposure therapy
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 42

The first step in systematic desensitization is to:

A)arrange the frightening aspects in a hierarchy.
B)teach the client to associate relaxation with anxiety-producing situations.
C)teach the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy.
D)discuss aspects of the feared situation that are most and least frightening.

Question 43

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from systematic desensitization?

A)Norman, who is addicted to alcohol
B)Melanie, who is suffering from severe depression
C)Rudy, who has a phobia of closed spaces
D)Shane, who is suffering from schizophrenia

Question 44

Ann has a phobia of lizards.During her first therapy session,her therapist asks her to think of all the fears that she has and arranges them in a hierarchy.According to this information,which of the following behavioral therapies has been implemented by Ann's therapist?

A)Aversive conditioning
B)Applied behavioral analysis
C)Self-instructional method
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 45

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from client-centered therapy?

A)Marianne, who is suffering from agoraphobia
B)Sidney, who is suffering from mild depression
C)Jamie, who is suffering from sleep apnea
D)Kendall, who is suffering from autism

Question 46

Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?

A)Hypnosis
B)Cognitive restructuring
C)Relaxation exercises
D)Dream analysis

Question 47

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from aversive conditioning?

A)Jordan, who has a habit of overeating
B)Noel, who is suffering from panic disorder
C)Isabelle, who has a phobia of reptiles
D)Tanner, who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

Question 48

Frank has been visiting Dr.Miller,a therapist,for the past two months to overcome his spider phobia.During the sessions,Dr.Miller has first asked Frank to describe what it is about spiders that frightens him.His fears have been then arranged in order from the least to the most frightening.Miller has taught Frank the muscle relaxation exercise and has exposed him to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli.In the context of behavioral therapies,it can be inferred that Dr.Miller has been conducting _____ on Frank to overcome his spider phobia.

A)exposure therapy
B)systematic desensitization
C)aversion therapy
D)social skills training

Question 49

Justin is an 8-year-old boy who suffers from autism.He has been brought to Sasha,a behavioral therapist,by his mother for his constant self-harming behavior.According to this scenario,which of the following techniques is likely to be implemented by Sasha to curb Justin's self-harming behavior?

A)Free association
B)Client-centered therapy
C)Applied behavioral analysis
D)Aversive conditioning

Question 50

Jane is afraid of crowds.If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique,Jane will be asked to:

A)identify self-defeating thoughts.
B)expose her fear during group therapy.
C)stand alone in a room.
D)learn how to relax.

Question 51

The therapy that is based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to self-defeating and irrational thoughts is:

A)humanistic psychotherapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)operant conditioning.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 52

Megan has a fear of public speaking and therefore visits a behavioral therapist to help her overcome this fear.Which of the following techniques should be implemented by the therapist to resolve Megan's fear?

A)Dream analysis
B)Systematic desensitization
C)Aversive conditioning
D)Client-centered therapy

Question 53

In systematic desensitization,after the client has mentioned about the most and the least frightening aspects of the feared situation,the very next step involves:

A)teaching the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy.
B)arranging the frightening aspects in a hierarchy.
C)teaching the client to relax.
D)teaching the client to imagine the most feared stimulus in the hierarchy.

Question 54

Which of the following questions is a behavioral therapist more likely to ask rather than a psychoanalyst?

A)How is your relationship with your mother?
B)Why won't you talk about your father?
C)What did you dream about last night?
D)How much did your anxiety subside after you washed your hands?

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?

A)They encourage self-awareness as the key to psychological health.
B)They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions.
C)They lay emphasis on the person's self-healing capacities.
D)They assume that insight is irrelevant to the goal of treatment.

Question 56

If a therapist gives Henry,who is suffering from alcoholism,a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he feels like throwing up after drinking the alcohol,it can be concluded that the therapist is implementing the technique of _____.

A)systematic desensitization
B)aversive conditioning
C)transference
D)free association

Question 57

Which of the following therapies is based on the principles of classical conditioning?

A)Self-instructional method
B)Applied behavioral analysis
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Dream analysis

Question 58

Which of the following features distinguishes humanistic therapies from psychodynamic therapies?

A)Its emphasis on the concept of transference
B)Its emphasis on the past
C)Its emphasis on conscious thoughts
D)Its emphasis on illness rather than self-fulfillment

Question 59

A cognitive therapist helps a client who suffers from a major depressive disorder by:

A)using systematic desensitization to replace depressive thoughts with feelings of relaxation.
B)getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.
C)bringing unconscious conflicts from the client's past and analyzing them.
D)engaging the client in a dialogue about negative childhood experiences.

Question 60

Which of the following individuals is undergoing systematic desensitization?

A)Barbara, who is being asked about her past
B)Chris, who is being asked to recall a happy event in his childhood
C)Dan, who is being asked to recall a pleasant dream
D)Sam, who is being asked to visualize spiders

Question 61

Izzie tells her therapist,Kim,that she is insecure and would feel very devastated if her live-in boyfriend of 10 years ended their relationship.In response to Izzie's statement,Kim asks her the manner in which she would be devastated and suggests ways to alleviate this feeling.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Kim?

A)Examine options and alternatives
B)Question the evidence
C)Challenge idiosyncratic meanings
D)Examine advantages and disadvantages

Question 62

All cognitive therapies focus on:

A)eliminating irrational and self-defeating thoughts.
B)building transference and resistance in clients.
C)implementing positive and negative reinforcement techniques.
D)gaining insight into the unconscious conflicts that underlie clients' problems.

Question 63

Nigella tells her therapist that she is depressed as she intends to pursue a postgraduate degree,but is unable to attend regular college since she has to earn for her family.In response to Nigella's statement,the therapist facilitates her to attend a part-time education program instead of a regular postgraduate course.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Nigella's therapist?

A)Examining advantages and disadvantages
B)Examining options and alternatives
C)Fantasizing consequences
D)Turning adversity to advantage

Question 64

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from the self-instructional method in cognitive-behavioral therapy?

A)Mario, who is addicted to cocaine and heroin
B)Mildred, who is suffering from schizophrenia
C)Meredith, who is suffering from depressive thoughts
D)Lorraine, who is suffering from sleep apnea

Question 65

Celine tells her therapist that she is depressed about the fact that she is unable to make ends meet since she got laid off.In response to Celine's statement,her therapist asks her to make a living out of her hobby,which is oil painting.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Celine's therapist?

A)Thought stopping
B)Turning adversity to advantage
C)Questioning the evidence
D)Guided association

Question 66

In which of the following instances should the individual be recommended for cognitive restructuring?

A)Abby says she cannot participate in cheerleading unless she gets her grades up.
B)Nelson says he will never fall in love again after his girlfriend broke up with him.
C)Cliff says if he fails one more test in Algebra, he will fail to meet his parents' expectations.
D)Jennifer says she is not going to eat fast food anymore after getting food poisoning.

Question 67

Leanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend.Her therapist points out that her thoughts,and not the situation itself,are the cause of her illness.This information suggests that Leanne's therapist practices:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavioral therapy.
C)client-centered therapy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 68

Carrie tells her therapist that when she interacts with the opposite gender,she feels extremely anxious and a cascade of negative opinions arise in her mind.In response to Carrie's statement,her therapist asks her to picture a red light whenever such opinions arise in her mind.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Carrie's therapist?

A)Thought stopping
B)Guided Association
C)Distraction
D)Decatastrophizing

Question 69

Vanessa tells Naomi,a cognitive therapist,that she cannot imagine life without her husband following their divorce the previous week.In response to Vanessa's statement,Naomi asks her to imagine the life she led prior to her marriage.According to this scenario,which of the following techniques has been implemented by Naomi?

A)Turning adversity to advantage
B)Decatastrophizing
C)Reattribution
D)Questioning the evidence

Question 70

Since her teacher criticized her term paper,Judy thinks herself to be stupid.Thus,she is depressed.She no longer wants to study.Judy visits a therapist who helps her identify her irrational belief and facilitates in the process of changing this belief.Which of the following therapies has been implemented by Judy's therapist?

A)Self-instructional method
B)Cognitive restructuring
C)Client-centered therapy
D)Psychoanalysis

Question 71

Pete's therapist says,"Don't say you will never fall in love again,say,I will take time to know the person better next time." Which of the following cognitive techniques is being implemented by Pete's therapist in this scenario?

A)Free association
B)Cognitive restructuring
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Reframing

Question 72

Aaron tells his therapist that he feels extremely anxious in a social gathering.In response to Aaron's statement,his therapist asks him to rate his emotions from 0 to 10.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Aaron's therapist?

A)Labeling of distortions
B)Systematic desensitization
C)Scaling
D)Distraction

Question 73

A therapist who implements the cognitive restructuring technique believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

A)unpleasant events
B)irrational beliefs
C)unconscious thoughts
D)childhood experiences

Question 74

Cognitive therapy attempts to produce change by:

A)bringing the unconscious thoughts to consciousness.
B)helping clients to eliminate self-defeating thoughts.
C)helping clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
D)having clients re-experience unhealthy relationships.

Question 75

Sarah tells her therapist that she is scared of being assertive in front of her superiors.As a result,her therapist asks her to imagine a situation that requires her to be assertive in the initial sessions and equips her with the requisite skills to be assertive in the later sessions.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Sarah's therapist?

A)Guided association
B)Fantasizing consequences
C)Reattribution
D)Distraction

Question 76

Dennis tells his therapist that his dream of getting into an Ivy League school for law is ruined since he has performed poorly in his mid-term exams.In response to Dennis's statement,his therapist questions the relevance of this conclusion.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Dennis's therapist?

A)Decatastrophizing
B)Reattribution
C)Questioning the evidence
D)Challenging idiosyncratic meanings

Question 77

Alexander,a 16-year-old adolescent,tells his therapist that he is a failure since he has been performing poorly in his new school.In response to Alexander's statement,the therapist asks him to explore other reasons for his failure such as adjustment difficulties with respect to his new school,lack of friends,and so on.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Alexander's therapist?

A)Reattribution
B)Distraction
C)Examining options and alternatives
D)Challenging idiosyncratic meanings

Question 78

Dylan tells his therapist that he was born to cause embarrassment to his parents and will always be their source of embarrassment for as long as he is alive.In response to Dylan's statement,his therapist suggests him to explore his views regarding this statement from different perspectives.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Dylan's therapist?

A)Examining advantages and disadvantages
B)Examining options and alternatives
C)Scaling
D)Decatastrophizing

Question 79

Amy tells her therapist that she feels extremely low these days as her husband is going to be transferred to a military base in another country.In response to Amy's statement,her therapist states that the reason for her feeling low is her fear of being lonely.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Amy's therapist?

A)Labeling of distortions
B)Guided association
C)Decatastrophizing
D)Reattribution

Question 80

Carlos intends to help one of his clients who feels that he is a failure and is not capable of achieving anything in life.Which of the following cognitive therapies should be implemented by Carlos in this situation?

A)Contingency approach
B)Reflective speech
C)Self-instructional technique
D)Free association technique