Deck 17: Health Psychology

Question 1

Shirley is talking to a group of third graders about the importance of drinking sufficient water every day.She is focused on:

A)public health.
B)planned behavior.
C)precontemplation.
D)health promotion.

Answer 1

health promotion.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between mind and body?

A)Mind influences the body, but the body cannot influence the mind.
B)There is always a psychological factor responsible for an illness.
C)Being physically healthy is irrelevant to an individual's psychological wellness.
D)People who have led healthy lives can fall ill.

Answer 2

People who have led healthy lives can fall ill.

Question 3

Adam's friends advise him to spend his free time doing something productive rather than playing online games the entire day.So,he considers joining a gym,but he is not very sure of committing to this new habit.He feels that although going to the gym will keep him in shape and is a better use of his time,he will have to give up playing online games.According to the stages of change model,which of the following stages does this scenario depict?

A)Precontemplation
B)Contemplation
C)Preparation
D)Action

Answer 3

Contemplation

Question 4

Jack has started a new diet program.He wants to lose thirty pounds.His wife is supporting him and he feels that the weight loss is under his control.His behavior reflects the theory of:

A)planned behavior.
B)health promotion.
C)changed behavior.
D)reasoned action.

Question 5

Sam is an alcoholic.He gets drunk at parties four to five nights a week and he often experiences blackouts.Despite his friends' concerns,Sam does not think he has a problem and believes that he is just being a typical college student.Sam would most likely be classified as being in the _____ stage of change.

A)preaction
B)contemplation
C)precontemplation
D)preparation

Question 6

The theory of planned behavior differs from the theory of reasoned action in that the theory of planned behavior:

A)perceives that a person's social group looks favorably on a new behavior.
B)places importance on maintaining a positive attitude.
C)emphasizes the importance of developing specific goals.
D)includes the idea that an individual's perceptions of control over the outcome are important.

Question 7

The main difference between health psychology and behavioral medicine is that in addition to behavioral and social influences,health psychology focuses on _____ influences,while behavioral medicine focuses on biomedical influences.

A)emotional
B)ecological
C)cognitive
D)evolutionary

Question 8

The element of _____ differentiates the theory of reasoned action from the theory of planned behavior.

A)confidence
B)control
C)caring
D)creativity

Question 9

Lawrence was just told by his doctor that his recent weight gain has placed him at risk for Type II diabetes.Lawrence chooses to ignore his doctor's diagnosis.According to the stages of change model,Lawrence is at which of the following stages?

A)Precontemplation
B)Contemplation
C)Preparation/determination
D)Action/willpower

Question 10

Which of the following would NOT be classified under health behaviors?

A)Exercising
B)Drinking lot of water
C)Getting a breast exam
D)Studying

Question 11

Which of the following individuals is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?

A)Mary is eating an apple.
B)Jim is studying his history notes.
C)Alice is walking with a friend.
D)Melanie is brushing her teeth.

Question 12

Dr.Sanders is testing the water supplies of a few villages in a remote region of Africa to ascertain water purity.Dr.Sanders is interested in:

A)public health.
B)health promotion.
C)charity work.
D)lifestyle changes.

Question 13

Which of the following is the first stage of the change model?

A)Preparation/determination
B)Precontemplation
C)Action/willpower
D)Contemplation

Question 14

_____ is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness.

A)Behavioral medicine
B)Clinical neuroscience
C)Behavioral targeting
D)Cognitive psychology

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior?

A)The theory of reasoned action is an extension of the theory of planned behavior.
B)The theory of planned behavior is a contradiction of the theory of planned action.
C)The theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action require individuals to hold positive attitudes about a new behavior.
D)The theory of reasoned action includes a person's perception of control, while the theory of planned behavior does not.

Question 16

Gerald wants to wake up early every day so that he can go for a morning walk.He requests his friends to help him wake up.His friends call and wake him up at 7 a.m.following which he goes for his walk.But,he still feels that he can never wake up early on his own if his friends don't call.Which of the following components of the theory of planned behavior is missing in Gerald's plan to wake up early?

A)Specific intentions
B)Positive attitude
C)Social support
D)Health behavior

Question 17

Ginny was not aware that she always talked too loudly,until last week,when her friends made fun of her.According to the stages of change model,Ginny was at the _____ stage.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation/determination
D)action/willpower

Question 18

Nina has been gambling very often in the last three months and has lost a lot of money.When she was confronted by her friend about her gambling problem,she refused to accept it.She is likely in the _____ stage of the change model.

A)preparation/determination
B)contemplation
C)termination
D)precontemplation stage from the contemplation stage

Question 19

Ryan has started working out in the gym so that he can play for the football team next year.He is very optimistic about being chosen in the team and feels his peers will support him.Ryan's views reflect:

A)the theory of planned behavior.
B)the theory of reasoned action.
C)the social exchange theory.
D)the self-perception theory.

Question 20

Vince is overweight and hence,wants to join a gym to lose weight.According to the theory of reasoned action,which of the following is a critical factor with regard to Vince's chances of effective change?

A)Ignoring specific intentions of his decision to join the gym
B)Having the belief that his friends will like what he is doing
C)Avoiding specific goals
D)Having the ability to control the outcome

Question 21

Mathew is addicted to marijuana.He starts taking surfing lessons hoping that it will give him the same rush that marijuana does.According to the stages of the change model,Mathew is in the _____ stage.

A)contemplation
B)preparation
C)precontemplation
D)action

Question 22

Carlos,a high school student,wants to score better on his tests.According to the stages in change model,if Carlos is in the preparation stage,the best predictor of improved school performance is if:

A)his friends encourage him.
B)he ignores feedback.
C)his teachers encourage him.
D)he decides to work harder.

Question 23

According to the stages of change model,a key element in predicting whether Barry,who is in the preparation stage,will change his drinking behavior is:

A)how long he has thought about changing his behavior.
B)how much information he has collected about his problematic behavior.
C)how ready he is to change his behavior.
D)the cost involved in changing his behavior.

Question 24

In the stages of change model,a key factor that differentiates the _____ is awareness that a particular behavior is problematic.

A)contemplation stage from the action stage
B)contemplation stage from the preparation stage
C)preparation stage from the action stage
D)precontemplation stage from the contemplation stage

Question 25

Claire is a chain smoker.Her friends plan to inform her about the dangers of continuing her unhealthy behavior.According to the stages of the change model,Claire is in which of the following stages?

A)Contemplation
B)Preparation
C)Action
D)Precontemplation

Question 26

Which of the following occurs in the contemplation stage of the change model?

A)Individuals prepare to take action.
B)Individuals acknowledge that they have a problem.
C)Individuals commit to make a behavioral change.
D)Individuals enact a plan.

Question 27

Kevin knows that he needs to start exercising to lose weight.He has contacted several fitness centers in his locality.According to the stages of change model,Kevin is at the _____ stage.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation/determination
D)action/willpower

Question 28

Martha is trying to change her exercise routine for a healthier lifestyle.She developed a new exercise schedule and planned to implement it the next month.Martha is in the _____ stage of the change model.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation r
C)preparation/determination
D)action/willpowe

Question 29

Nina realized that she is addicted to heroin and planned to overcome her addiction.After a while,Nina felt that the rush given by heroin is worth being addicted to it.According to the stages of change model,Nina is most likely in the _____ stage.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation
D)action

Question 30

Pete has been smoking since several years and is finally thinking about quitting,because he often has trouble breathing.He makes a list of the pros and cons of quitting smoking.Pete is at which of the following stages of the change model?

A)Precontemplation
B)Contemplation
C)Preparation/determination
D)Action/willpower

Question 31

Madison is addicted to drugs.According to the stages of the change model,if she is in the contemplation stage of changing her habit,which of the following will occur next?

A)She will think about ways to get over the addiction.
B)She will realize that she is addicted to drugs.
C)She will stop doing drugs immediately.
D)She will join a rehabilitation center.

Question 32

Stacy has lost ten of the twenty pounds she intended to lose.She has promised herself that if she loses another ten pounds,she will buy the pair of designer jeans she has wanted for over a year.According to the stages of change model,Stacy is at the _____ stage.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation/determination
D)action/willpower

Question 33

People who are in the _____ stage of the change model are aware of their problem,but they are not yet ready to change.

A)action
B)contemplation
C)maintenance
D)preparation

Question 34

Missy has decided to start eating healthy food.She went to the grocery store and purchased a bunch of fruit and vegetables to begin her new nutritional program.Missy is at the _____ stage of the change model.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation/determination
D)action/willpower

Question 35

Which of the following is a key consideration in the preparation stage of the change model?

A)Support from others
B)Readiness to change
C)Acceptance of the problem
D)Creation of a backup plan

Question 36

Ryan's father promised to buy him a new car of his choice if he quits drinking and stays sober for a year.The thought of the new car helps Ryan stay sober.According to the stages of change model,Ryan is in the _____ stage.

A)contemplation
B)action
C)preparation
D)precontemplation

Question 37

Which of the following lists the stages of the change model in the right sequence?

A)Preparation/determination; precontemplation; contemplation; action/willpower; maintenance
B)Preparation/determination; action/willpower; precontemplation; contemplation; maintenance
C)Precontemplation; contemplation; preparation/determination; action/willpower; maintenance
D)Precontemplation; contemplation; preparation/determination; maintenance; action/willpower

Question 38

Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation stage of the change model?

A)"Problem? What problem? I don't have a problem."
B)"All right! What should I do to change this problematic behavior?"
C)"I know that my behavior is problematic, but I'm just not ready to change it yet."
D)"I'm going to do something about this problem, the very next week."

Question 39

Richard is an unorganized person and his friends feel that he should be more organized.According to the stages of change model,if he is in the preparation stage,which of the following will occur next?

A)He will deny that he is unorganized.
B)He will realize that he is unorganized.
C)He will start trying to be more organized.
D)He will enact a plan to be more organized.

Question 40

Mark has decided that it is finally time to quit smoking.He started using nicotine patches to help him control the craving to smoke.He is in the _____ stage of the change model.

A)preparation/determination
B)contemplation
C)action/willpower
D)maintenance

Question 41

Which of the following is the last stage of the change model?

A)Resolution
B)Resistance
C)Action/willpower
D)Maintenance

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true of the maintenance stage of the change model?

A)It involves more focus and effort than the other stages.
B)It involves individuals preparing to take action.
C)In this stage, the new behavior becomes routine.
D)In this stage, individuals become aware that they have a problem.

Question 43

Lisa gives birth to a baby boy.While assuring her that she will be a good parent,Lisa's mother shows her how to take care of the baby.Lisa is thankful that her mother is also taking care of the household chores.This scenario exemplifies which type of benefit of social support?

A)Tangible assistance
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)All of these

Question 44

Britney's dog,Dino,died.Her mother tells her "Don't worry! She is in a better place now.Isn't that more important?" Which of the following types of social support is Britney's mother providing her?

A)Tangible assistance
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)Logical

Question 45

In the stages of change model,_____ means a person no longer requires conscious attention to maintain the new,healthy behavior.

A)determination
B)transcendence
C)cognitive appraisal
D)willpower

Question 46

Which of the following is a criticism of the stages of change model?

A)It promotes change rather than readiness to change.
B)It refers more to attitudes that change than to behaviors.
C)It doesn't capture the ways individuals make positive life changes.
D)It is relevant only to individuals trying to quit smoking and lose weight.

Question 47

Bryan is scoring less in mathematics.His friend gives him a book that will help him score better and also teaches him easy ways to learn mathematics.In this scenario,which of the following type of social support is Bryan's friend providing him?

A)Tangible assistance
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)Logical

Question 48

Harry is abstaining from drinking.To help him overcome his alcohol addiction,he joined a running club.He meets them every day after work.He has also begun giving excuses to avoid meeting his coworkers for drinks.Harry is most likely in the _____ stage of the change model.

A)action/willpower
B)contemplation
C)preparation/determination
D)maintenance

Question 49

Mia began a running routine to lose weight.After a year from starting the routine,she runs for the joy of running.Mia has:

A)reached self-actualization.
B)become resistant to change.
C)reached transcendence.
D)adapted to her weight problem.

Question 50

After Bob realized that he is overweight,he created a new exercise program for himself.Though he initially had some difficulty setting it up and sticking with it,he has not missed a single workout for the last eight months.While he still has some difficulty in settling into this exercise routine,he manages to reinforce and motivate himself by purchasing different music CDs every month.Bob is most likely in the _____ stage of the change model.

A)action
B)maintenance
C)termination
D)preparation

Question 51

Which of the following is an advantage of the stages of change model?

A)It can be used to develop realistic expectations of the change process.
B)Individuals do not skip any stage and move from one to another sequentially.
C)It refers more to attitudes that change than to behaviors.
D)All stages promote the readiness to change.

Question 52

Megan decided to quit doing drugs a year ago and has not used drugs since then.She joined a rehabilitation program as she was determined to quit drugs and,thus,overcame her addiction.Which of the following is likely to have contributed to Megan's success?

A)Religious faith
B)Tangible assistance
C)Emotional support
D)Intrinsic motivation

Question 53

Diana loves cupcakes and eats them every day for desserts.She has realized that this habit has made her overweight.Hence,she decides to completely refrain from eating cupcakes.After months of fighting the urge to eat them,Diana,now,can enter a pastry shop and not eat a cupcake.According to the stages of change model,Diana's changed behavior is described as _____.

A)transcendence
B)resistance
C)self-actualization
D)adaptation

Question 54

Gemma has not smoked a cigarette for four months.However,after hearing about the death of a close friend,she went to a store,purchased a new pack,and smoked many cigarettes on her way home.Which of the following terms describes Gemma's tendency to smoke again?

A)Relapse
B)Transcendence
C)Contemplation
D)Precontemplation

Question 55

Amber shifted to a new apartment.She is finding it difficult to adapt to the new place,so her friends help her out by arranging all her furniture.This makes Amber feel less stressful.This scenario exemplifies which type of benefit of social support?

A)Tangible assistance
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)Logical

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of motivations for a positive change?

A)Achieving short-term goals demotivates people from achieving their long-term goals.
B)When people feel less autonomous, they are more motivated to change.
C)Intrinsic factors motivate people while extrinsic factors don't.
D)Motivational tools for self-change involve changing for the right reasons.

Question 57

Ryan is sad because his girlfriend just broke up with him.Ryan's father assures him that he has a lot of desirable traits and that he will forget about the relationship very soon.Which of the following types of social support is Ryan's father providing?

A)Tangible assistance
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)All of these

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of relapse during the maintenance stage of the stages of change model?

A)Relapse is an uncommon aspect of change.
B)Real change occurs in a single attempt with no relapse.
C)Relapse helps to devise a strategy to prevent it in the future.
D)If a person has more than two relapses, he or she cannot reach his or her goal.

Question 59

Mindy's friend is suffering from cancer.Since her friend has no family of her own,Mindy accompanies her to the chemotherapy sessions.Mindy also talks to her everyday so that she does not feel lonely.Which of the following types of social support is Mindy proving her friend?

A)Extrinsic motivation
B)Information
C)Emotional support
D)Logical

Question 60

To lose weight,Kelsey started using whole wheat bread instead of the usual white bread for making sandwiches.After following her new eating habit for six months,Kelsey does not even think about ordering anything but whole wheat bread sandwiches at restaurants.According to the stages of change model,this behavior is described as:

A)transcendence.
B)resistance.
C)self-actualization.
D)adaptation.

Question 61

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

A)Alarm, resistance, and challenge
B)Primary appraisal, alarm, and secondary appraisal
C)Challenge, frustration, and exhaustion
D)Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 62

Hans Selye's term _____ refers to the common effects on the body when stressful demands are placed on it.

A)transactional stress response
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)general adaptation syndrome
D)chronic stress response

Question 63

Turning to others who act as a sounding board or a willing ear is referred to as _____.

A)social loafing
B)social sustainability
C)social sharing
D)social stratification

Question 64

Emma is shocked when her teacher announced that there is a pop quiz on the reading material that was assigned the day before.Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome will Emma be experiencing first?

A)Exhaustion
B)Secondary
C)Resistance
D)Alarm

Question 65

Maurice has to study for her psychology test. However,all the textbooks on psychology in the library have been borrowed by other students. She had lent her notes to her friend,but did not get them back.The test is scheduled for the very next day,and she has a terrible headache. Maurice is experiencing:

A)transcendence.
B)stress.
C)daily hassle.
D)relapse.

Question 66

When Emily walked into her biology class,she was surprised to see a quiz waiting for her on her desk.She was not prepared for the quiz and was worried when she saw it.In this scenario,Emily is likely to experience the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)secondary

Question 67

The hormones that reduce inflammation normally associated with injury circulate at high levels during the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)primary

Question 68

In which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome does the body release hormones that affect the functioning of the immune system?

A)Alarm
B)Adaptation
C)Contemplation
D)Exhaustion

Question 69

Hans Selye's three-stage pattern of reaction to stress is known as the:

A)factor theory of stress.
B)stress response syndrome.
C)personal adjustment system.
D)general adaptation syndrome.

Question 70

The general adaptation syndrome refers to the:

A)steps taken during cognitive appraisal.
B)body's response to stressors.
C)frustration created by conflict.
D)the stages of behavioral change.

Question 71

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is useful in helping people understand the link between _____.

A)stress and health
B)support and stress
C)health and support
D)environment and stress

Question 72

When a rat is first placed in an overcrowded cage,it will likely enter the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)curious
B)alarm
C)resistance
D)exhaustion

Question 73

A fundamental premise of the general adaptation syndrome is that:

A)alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the common effects of the stressful demands on the body.
B)some people are immune to stress.
C)most individuals experience a temporary state of shock during the exhaustion stage, which causes resistance to illness and stress to fall below normal limits.
D)stress acts on the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 74

The circumstances that threaten a person and tax his/her coping abilities are called:

A)mental blocks.
B)transactions.
C)emotion generators.
D)stressors.

Question 75

Once individuals get over the initial stress associated with their first exam of finals week,the fact that they have several more exams will likely lead their body to enter the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)primary

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true of the HPA axis?

A)It is a complex set of interactions between the hypothalamus, pancreas, and the adrenal gland.
B)When the brain detects a threat in the environment, it signals the adrenal gland.
C)The hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone.
D)It does not regulate immune system responses.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of social support?

A)Only getting support is beneficial, but not giving support.
B)Giving support during stressful circumstances refers to social loafing.
C)Emotional support refers to the services family and friends provide.
D)Tangible assistance includes recommending actions to cope with stress.

Question 78

A situation,circumstance,or event that challenges an individual and requires some form of coping mechanism best defines the term:

A)transcendence.
B)stressor.
C)mental block.
D)relapse.

Question 79

_____ directs the cells to make sugar,fat,and protein available so that the body can take quick actions in stressful situations.

A)Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B)Melanin
C)Thyroxin
D)Cortisol

Question 80

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the relationship between religious faith and health?

A)Religious involvement causes stress, which increases the risk of premature death.
B)Religion can provide a buffer against stress and help people cope with difficulties.
C)Religious thoughts play a role in maintaining hope and stimulating motivation.
D)Religious involvement promotes social connections and can prevent isolation.