Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother,supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory would most likely argue that her _____ is making her feel this way.

A)id
B)anima
C)superego
D)ego

Answer 1

superego

Question 2

Jonathan,a fifteen-year-old,yells at his neighbor,Rhys,for playing loud music through the night.In response,Rhys yells at Jonathan and pushes him to the ground.In the context of Freud's structures of personality,which of the following structures most likely dictated Rhys's behavior in this scenario?

A)Ego
B)Id
C)Superego
D)Persona

Answer 2

Id

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?

A)Childhood experiences shape adult personality.
B)A person's personality can be truly understood by focusing exclusively on his or her behavior.
C)Aspects of individuals' personalities are unconscious because they must be.
D)The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness.

Answer 3

A person's personality can be truly understood by focusing exclusively on his or her behavior.

Question 4

Carolyn's parents were extremely religious,conservative and brought her up with strict moral codes.She was not permitted to have male friends and even her female friends were not allowed to spend time in their home.In college,Carolyn fell in love and despite her strict upbringing,engaged in premarital sex.In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory,which personality structure was most likely responsible for Carolyn's sexual activity in college?

A)Superego
B)Archetype
C)Id
D)Ego

Question 5

Brandon attempts to convince his girlfriend,Katherine,to have sex with him.Even though Katherine loves and desires him,her religious beliefs do not permit her to have sex before marriage.According to Freud's structures of personality,Katherine's desire to have sex with Brandon is most likely dictated by her _____.Her decision not to engage in premarital sex is most likely dictated by her _____.

A)id; ego
B)ego; superego
C)superego; id
D)id; superego

Question 6

Nelly's friends attempt to convince Nelly to try cocaine at a party.Even though Nelly is tempted,she resists because she knows that the consequences of her actions would be disastrous for her body.In the context of Freud's structures of personality,Nelly's temptation to take cocaine is most likely dictated by her _____.Her decision not to take the cocaine is most likely dictated by her _____.

A)ego; superego
B)superego; ego
C)id; ego
D)ego; id

Question 7

As the teenage daughter of divorced parents,Kelly has always been impulsive and thoughtless.After a near-death experience,she begins considering other people's feelings and feels remorse for her earlier actions.In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Kelly is most likely experiencing a strengthening of her _____.

A)id
B)defense mechanisms
C)superego
D)collective unconscious

Question 8

_____ is a pattern of enduring,distinctive thoughts,emotions,and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

A)Personality
B)Perception
C)Intelligence
D)Sensation

Question 9

Hannah is an eighteen-year-old student who has been in a relationship with Jeff for three years.She has not had sex with him because she believes that she must wait until she is married.However,she feels sexually frustrated.In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Hannah's sexual frustration is most likely caused by the repression of her _____.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)persona

Question 10

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,the _____ houses an individual's higher mental functions,such as reasoning,problem solving,and decision making.

A)superego
B)animus
C)id
D)ego

Question 11

According to the Freudian structure of personality,the id is the:

A)harsh, internal judge of an individual's behavior.
B)individual's reservoir of sexual energy.
C)structure that deals with the demands of reality.
D)individual's center for higher mental functions.

Question 12

Animated movies sometimes depict an individual's personal conflict by showing the individual with an angel on one shoulder and a devil on the other.The angel is most analogous to Freud's idea of the _____ and the devil is most analogous with to Freud's idea of the _____.

A)superego; id
B)ego; superego
C)ego; id
D)superego; ego

Question 13

Kiara finds an abandoned wallet with $300 in it and no identification.In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Kiara's decision to keep the money or turn it in will cause the greatest conflict between her _____.

A)conscious mind and collective unconscious
B)id and superego
C)ego and superego
D)physiological need and self-actualization need

Question 14

In the context of Freud's structures of personality,if Freddie's id was in charge when his boss told him that he was an incompetent fool,Freddie would most likely:

A)agree to work harder.
B)look for another job.
C)punch his boss in the face.
D)feel ashamed.

Question 15

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,the ego abides by the _____ principle.

A)pleasure
B)self-actualization
C)reality
D)all-or-none

Question 16

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,the _____ evaluates the morality of an individual's behavior.

A)id
B)superego
C)persona
D)ego

Question 17

According to Freud,the ego acts as a mediator because it:

A)is the first to form and therefore the most established personality structure.
B)functions primarily in the unconscious mind.
C)balances the demands of the id, superego, and the real world.
D)is the only personality structure that generates psychic energy.

Question 18

Meyer plans to obtain quick money through gambling,but he realizes that he might get arrested by the police.This prevents him from going ahead with his gambling plan.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,which of the following structures most likely stopped Meyer from going ahead with his plan?

A)Superego
B)Ego
C)Id
D)Animus

Question 19

According to Sigmund Freud,the _____ was the main determinant of personality development.

A)need for self-actualization
B)human sex drive
C)collective unconscious
D)endocrine system

Question 20

_____ perspectives on personality emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious.

A)Humanistic
B)Psychodynamic
C)Social cognitive
D)Trait

Question 21

Chad is keen on getting into the best college in the state.However,the college rejects his Apply.When comforted by his parents,Chad explains that he is not disappointed because if he had been accepted by the college,he would have had to move away from home.In this scenario,Chad's explanation best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)rationalization
B)repression
C)sublimation
D)regression

Question 22

Margot,a thirty-year-old woman,was sexually abused as a child.She has no memory of the abuse or the trauma she went through as a child.However,during a session of hypnotic therapy,Margot recalls the experience vividly.This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)regression
B)repression
C)displacement
D)sublimation

Question 23

Heather goes home to her mother every time she has an argument with her husband.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Heather is unconsciously engaging in _____.

A)sublimation
B)repression
C)regression
D)reaction formation

Question 24

Darin was in an automobile accident in which his brother and another passenger were killed.Even though Darin was driving,he survived the accident with only a few bruises.However,he is unable to recall any of the details related to this accident.In the context of Freud's defense mechanisms,Darin's inability to recall the accident best illustrates _____.

A)displacement
B)rationalization
C)sublimation
D)repression

Question 25

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development,girls experience:

A)the Oedipus complex.
B)castration completed.
C)castration anxiety.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 26

Which of the following is a defense mechanism according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A)Castration anxiety
B)Oedipus complex
C)Fixation
D)Sublimation

Question 27

Which of the following is a crucial concept in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A)Erogenous zones
B)Collective unconscious
C)Self-actualization
D)Archetypes

Question 28

Each time Antony,a thirty-year-old architect,experiences hardship,he goes home to his parents to find comfort.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Antony is unconsciously engaging in _____.

A)reaction formation
B)regression
C)repression
D)displacement

Question 29

John,who is jealous of his older brother,states that his older brother hates him and is jealous of him.This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)regression
B)repression
C)sublimation
D)projection

Question 30

Welma is unable to accept the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer.She refuses treatment despite her family's attempts to convince her.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Welma is unconsciously engaging in _____.

A)denial
B)regression
C)rationalization
D)displacement

Question 31

Marcus and his wife are good friends with their neighbors,Allen and Jane.Marcus is sexually attracted to Jane.He,however,accuses his wife of being attracted to Allen.Marcus's behavior best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)sublimation
B)regression
C)projection
D)rationalization

Question 32

When the ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress,the defense mechanism of _____ is being used.

A)regression
B)sublimation
C)repression
D)displacement

Question 33

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development,castration anxiety occurs during the _____.

A)phallic stage
B)anal stage
C)genital stage
D)oral stage

Question 34

When the ego attributes personal shortcomings,faults,and problems to others,it is referred to as the defense mechanism of _____.

A)fixation
B)sublimation
C)repression
D)projection

Question 35

Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years.Even though he has had many girlfriends,he often feels attracted to men.However,in college,he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Patrick's supposed homophobia best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)reaction formation
B)denial
C)sublimation
D)regression

Question 36

Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood.He pursues a career in boxing,which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression.This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

A)regression
B)sublimation
C)repression
D)rationalization

Question 37

If Maria had to write a research paper on ego defense mechanisms,which of the following positions adopted by her would be accurate?

A)Defense mechanisms are a person's conscious attempts to escape their problems.
B)The most effective way to deal with a problem is to use an ego defense mechanism.
C)The use of defense mechanisms involve an honest acceptance of reality.
D)Defense mechanisms are the ego's tactics to reduce anxiety by distorting reality.

Question 38

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,_____ occurs when the ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one.

A)regression
B)sublimation
C)rationalization
D)displacement

Question 39

The Freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is _____.

A)fixation
B)hysteria
C)ego wellness
D)defense mechanisms

Question 40

_____ is the defense mechanism used when the ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another,more acceptable object.

A)Regression
B)Sublimation
C)Repression
D)Displacement

Question 41

According to Jung,the deepest,impersonal layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all humans is called the _____.

A)archetype
B)animus
C)collective unconscious
D)persona

Question 42

Which of the following was a criticism levied against Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A)Freud did not focus on the sexual development of indivdiuals.
B)Freud focused on the conscious part of the personality and ignored the unconscious.
C)Freud did not pay enough attention to the later experiences in a person's life.
D)Freud was too focused on the sociocultural factors affecting a person.

Question 43

George's cubicle at work is spotless.Every item on his desk is arranged according to how frequently he needs it.He gets agitated if something is moved or rearranged.A proponent of Freud's psychoanalytic theory might argue that George is fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 44

Cyril is an ambitious,assertive,and responsible man who works in an organization called Yang Corp.According to Jung's analytical theory,this statement about Cyril best indicates his _____.

A)repressed conflicts
B)anima
C)animus
D)birth order

Question 45

At home,Carrie is moody,self-centered,and bossy.At social events,she is the life of the party.She is funny,happy,and demonstrates social graces that none of her family members ever see at home.Which of the following is the most accurate explanation of Carrie's behavior in the context of Jung's analytic theory?

A)Carrie displays her persona at parties.
B)Carrie displays her anima at parties.
C)Carrie displays her animus at home.
D)Carrie displays unconditional positive regard at parties.

Question 46

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,if Suri is fixated at the phallic stage,which of the following best indicates that Suri is engaging in the defense mechanism of sublimation?

A)She is highly sarcastic.
B)She loves statistics.
C)She is a chain smoker.
D)She loves being in love.

Question 47

According to Horney,women might envy the penis but what they really want is:

A)a man to protect and shelter them.
B)the status bestowed to those who have one.
C)stronger superegos and moral convictions.
D)the freedom to have multiple sexual partners.

Question 48

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,which of the following statements best indicates that thirty-year-old Gayle is fixated at the oral stage?

A)He is excessively concerned about cleanliness.
B)He has a puritanical attitude toward sex.
C)He is stubborn and prefers simplicity and structure.
D)He is addicted to smoking cigarettes.

Question 49

Teresa loves socializing in college and participates in almost all extracurricular and social activities.However,back home,she is reserved and prefers to maintain a distance from her family and relatives.In the context of Jung's analytical theory,her public personality represents her _____.

A)defense mechanism
B)anima
C)birth order
D)persona

Question 50

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,which of the following statements best indicates that nineteen-year-old Jamie is fixated at the anal stage?

A)He is addicted to chewing gum.
B)He is addicted to alcohol.
C)He is extremely prudish.
D)He is extremely virile.

Question 51

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,if Yvonne is fixated at the phallic stage,which of the following best indicates that Yvonne is engaging in the defense mechanism of reaction formation?

A)She feels extremely disgusted with feces.
B)She is highly irritable.
C)She is excessively concerned about cleanliness.
D)She has a rigid attitude toward sex.

Question 52

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,if Olga is fixated at the anal stage,which of the following best indicates that she is engaging in the defense mechanism of sublimation?

A)She is rigid in her sexual behavior.
B)She is a food expert.
C)She loves oil painting.
D)She is a wine expert.

Question 53

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development,the latency period occurs _____.

A)during infancy
B)during a time when most children are experiencing toilet training
C)immediately after the phallic stage
D)in adolescence and adulthood

Question 54

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,which of the following best indicates that twenty-three-year-old Elliot is fixated at the phallic stage?

A)He is extremely disorganized.
B)He is overtly flirtatious.
C)He loves bathroom humor.
D)He is addicted to whisky.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of Horney's sociocultural approach?

A)She believed that no woman experiences penis envy.
B)She believed that the need for security is the most important human need.
C)She supported Freud's notion that anatomy is destiny.
D)She rejected the notion that men covet women's reproductive cAPAcities.

Question 56

According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,if Ursula is fixated at the oral stage,which of the following best indicates that she is engaging in the defense mechanism of sublimation?

A)She is overly giving.
B)She fears dirt.
C)She displays excessive modesty.
D)She indulges in overt sarcasm.

Question 57

Peter smokes four packs of cigarettes every day to deal with his loneliness and daily stress.According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development,Peter's addiction indicates that he is fixated at the _____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 58

Which of the following behaviors is typical of a person fixated at the oral stage of development and using the defense mechanism of reaction formation?

A)Puritanical attitude toward sex
B)Dislike of milk
C)Excessive modesty
D)Fear of dirt

Question 59

According to Jung's analytic theory,emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people are known as:

A)archetypes.
B)traits.
C)schemas.
D)prototypes.

Question 60

According to Jung's analytic theory,the collective unconscious is expressed through:

A)self-actualization.
B)the id.
C)positive regard.
D)archetypes.

Question 61

According to Carl Rogers,which of the following is NOT an essential ingredient of healthy human relations?

A)Conditions of worth
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Empathy
D)Genuineness

Question 62

Which of the following perspectives of personality primarily stress a person's cAPAcity for personal growth and positive human qualities?

A)Trait
B)Psychodynamic
C)Biological
D)Humanistic

Question 63

According to Rogers,a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behavior is likely to develop an awareness of:

A)conditions of worth.
B)positive self-regard.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)altruism.

Question 64

Which of the following perspectives of personality assumes that human nature is basically good?

A)Psychodynamic perspective
B)Humanistic perspective
C)Social cognitive perspective
D)Trait perspective

Question 65

Gus,a successful manager,quits his job and joins college at the age of forty to study art.A proponent of Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory would most likely argue that Gus went back to college because:

A)he had unresolved childhood issues.
B)he wanted to change his persona.
C)he chose to develop his full potential.
D)he wanted to prove that he was superior to others.

Question 66

Avril has recently started college,and her freshman orientation includes information on date rape and personal safety.Avril feels helpless when she realizes that she has no self-defense skills.Determined to become more competent,she joins a martial arts club at her college.In the context of Alfred Adler's individual psychology,which of the following is the best explanation for Avril's behavior?

A)She is striving to use her defense mechanism of sublimation.
B)She is striving to replace her feelings of inferiority with those of superiority.
C)She is motivated by the need for self-actualization.
D)She is motivated by the desire for affiliation.

Question 67

Alfred Adler's approach was known as _____ psychology.

A)social
B)behavioral
C)individual
D)collective

Question 68

In psychology,enduring dispositions or lasting personality characteristics are known as _____.

A)behaviors
B)perceptions
C)traits
D)instincts

Question 69

Mathew is a fourteen-year-old adolescent.He is poor in academics,but is a national-level basketball player.Despite his poor performance in academics,his parents never criticize him.They try to assist him in academics and encourage him in sports.Which of the following elements of Rogers's theory is demonstrated by Mathew's parents in this scenario?

A)Conditions of worth
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Defense mechanisms
D)Reactance

Question 70

_____ means being accepted,valued,and treated supportively regardless of one's behavior.

A)Agreeableness
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Fixation
D)Reciprocal determinism

Question 71

According to Alfred Adler,people are primarily motivated by:

A)their desires to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
B)factors that they are not consciously aware.
C)sexual and aggressive instincts.
D)their desire to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Question 72

Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices.She accepts all individuals as they are.It is important to Brittney that her clients learn to evaluate themselves and not depend on the opinion of others.In this scenario,Brittney's views of personality fit best within the _____ perspective.

A)trait
B)psychodynamic
C)biological
D)humanistic

Question 73

According to Rogers's humanistic theory,if Gretel receives _____ from her parents,she is least likely to face problems associated with her _____.

A)unconditional positive regard; intrinsic motivation
B)conditional positive regard; belongingness needs
C)conditional positive regard; ego dominance
D)unconditional positive regard; self-concept

Question 74

Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?

A)Self-concept
B)Persona
C)Archetype
D)Sublimation

Question 75

Which of the following principles is common to all the psychodynamic perspectives?

A)Personality is not affected by current experiences, only by early life experiences.
B)Conscious motives lie behind people's puzzling behavior.
C)Anxiety created by the conflict between the inner and outer world is easy to resolve.
D)Personality can be better understood by examining it developmentally.

Question 76

Catherine,a fifteen-year-old,has an elder sister and a younger sister.According to Adler,which of the following is most applicable to Catherine in the context of birth order?

A)She is likely to be the center of attention in comparison to her siblings.
B)She is most likely of the three to suffer from a psychological disorder.
C)She is most likely of the three to engage in thefts and other petty crimes.
D)She is likely to be inspired by her elder sister and strive for success.

Question 77

Alfred Adler believed that birth order:

A)put first-borns at an advantage.
B)had the potential to doom anyone.
C)influenced how successfully a person strived for superiority.
D)only had an impact in the case of sensitive parenting.

Question 78

Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality?

A)They focus only on observable behaviors.
B)They are too optimistic about human nature.
C)They are too critical of the behaviors of individuals.
D)They tend to devalue the importance of unconditional love.

Question 79

According to Abraham Maslow,which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers?

A)Spontaneity
B)Creativity
C)Intolerance
D)Ambition

Question 80

Christina's parents are very strict about her academic performance.When she performs well,they shower her with love.When she does poorly,they are unfriendly and distant.Christina soon learns that the only way she can receive their love is by performing well academically.In the context of Rogers's humanistic psychology approach,Christina's parents are facilitating the development of _____ in Christina.

A)unconditional positive regard
B)conditions of worth
C)altruism
D)repression